Discharge estimation in a backwater affected meandering river

Variable effects of backwaters complicate the development of rating curves at hydrometric measurement stations. In areas influenced by backwater, single-parameter rating curve techniques are often inapplicable. To overcome this, several authors have advocated the use of an additional downstream level gauge to estimate the longitudinal surface level gradient, but this is cumbersome in a lowland meandering river with considerable transverse surface level gradients. Recent developments allow river flow to be continuously monitored through velocity measurements with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (H-ADCP), deployed horizontally at a river bank. This approach was adopted to obtain continuous discharge estimates at a cross-section in the River Mahakam at a station located about 300 km upstream of the river mouth in the Mahakam delta. The discharge station represents an area influenced by variable backwater effects from lakes, tributaries and floodplain ponds, and by tides. We applied both the standard index velocity method and a recently developed methodology to obtain a continuous time-series of discharge from the H-ADCP data. Measurements with a boat-mounted ADCP were used for calibration and validation of the model to translate H-ADCP velocity to discharge. As a comparison with conventional discharge estimation techniques, a stage-discharge relation using Jones formula was developed. The discharge rate at the station exceeded 3300 m3 s-1. Discharge series from a traditional stage-discharge relation did not capture the overall discharge dynamics, as inferred from H-ADCP data. For a specific river stage, the discharge range could be as high as 2000 m3 s-1, which is far beyond what could be explained from kinematic wave dynamics. Backwater effects from lakes were shown to be significant, whereas the river-tide interaction may impact discharge variation in the fortnightly frequency band. Fortnightly tides cannot easily be isolated from river discharge variation, which features similar periodicitie

Application of COMPOCHIP Microarray to Investigate the Bacterial Communities of Different Composts

A microarray spotted with 369 different 16S rRNA gene probes specific to microorganisms involved in the degradation process of organic waste during composting was developed. The microarray was tested with pure cultures, and of the 30,258 individual probe-target hybridization reactions performed, there were only 188 false positive (0.62%) and 22 false negative signals (0.07%). Labeled target DNA was prepared by polymerase chain reaction amplification of 16S rRNA genes using a Cy5-labeled universal bacterial forward primer and a universal reverse primer. The COMPOCHIP microarray was applied to three different compost types (green compost, manure mix compost, and anaerobic digestate compost) of different maturity (2, 8, and 16 weeks), and differences in the microorganisms in the three compost types and maturity stages were observed. Multivariate analysis showed that the bacterial composition of the three composts was different at the beginning of the composting process and became more similar upon maturation. Certain probes (targeting Sphingobacterium, Actinomyces, Xylella/Xanthomonas/ Stenotrophomonas, Microbacterium, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, Low G + C and Alphaproteobacteria) were more influential in discriminating between different composts. Results from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis supported those of microarray analysis. This study showed that the COMPOCHIP array is a suitable tool to study bacterial communities in composts

Ornamental plants, 1979: a summary of research

An analysis of production costs for containerized nursery products / David E. Hahn, Jerry L. Robertson, and Elton M. Smith -- Monoterpene investigations with creeping juniper cultivars (Juniperus horizontalis Moench.) / Thomas A. Fretz -- Woody flora in Hokkaido adaptable to the north central United States / Makoto Kawase -- An evaluation of microfoam on plant quality following overwintering of container-grown woody ornamentals / Christopher F. Rizzo, Elton M. Smith, and Thomas A. Fretz -- Evaluation of winter barrels as a heat source in woody ornamental winter storage structures / Christopher F. Rizzo, Elton M. Smith, and Thomas A. Fretz_ -- Effective utilization of applied fertilizer in relation to multiple flushes of growth on 'Helleri' holly / C. H. Gilliam and R. D. Wright -- Tissue nitrogen changes during a growth flush on 'Helleri' holly / C. H. Gilliam and R. D. Wright -- Controlling winter annual and perennial weeds in field-grown Cotoneaster divaricata / Elton M. Smith and Sharon A. Treaster -- Evaluation of oxadiazon for weed control in container-grown nursery stock / Thomas A. Fretz and Wendy J. Sheppard -- A 10-year evaluation of flowering crabapple susceptibility to apple scab in Ohio / Elton M. Smith -- Fungicides for the control of diseases of ornamental plants: results of 1977 trials / C. C. Powell and James A. Chatfield -- An evaluation of fungicides on container-grown woody ornamentals during winter storage under microfoam / Christopher F. Rizzo, Elton M. Smith, and Thomas A. Fretz -- Resistance of maple cultivars and species to verticillium wilt: a preliminary report / H. A. J. Hoitink, T. D. Sydnor, and C. L. Wilso

Ornamental plants: a summary of research, 1990

Physical facilities and capital requirements for establishing a three-acre perennial container nursery in Ohio -1989 / Reed D. Taylor, Elton M. Smith, George P. Pealer -- Production costs of operating a three-acre perennial container nursery in Ohio - 1989 / Reed D. Taylor, Elton M. Smith, George P. Pealer -- Comparative costs of producing alternative plants in a three-acre perennial container nursery in Ohio – 1989 / Reed D. Taylor, Elton M. Smith, George P. Pealer -- Marketing and sales strategies practiced by Ohio nurseries / Reed D. Taylor, Elton M. Smith, W. Timothy Rhodus -- Evaluation of flowering crabapple susceptibility to apple scab in Ohio - 1989 / Elton M. Smith and Sharon A. Treaster -- Fertilizing trees in the landscape: an 18-year evaluation / Elton M. Smith and Sharon A. Treaster -- The influence of irrigation water temperature upon leaf abscision in Ficus benjamina and Dracaena marginata / Julia A. O’Bryan and John C. Peterson -- A two-year tolerance study of narcissus cultivars to selected pre-emergence herbicides / Elton M. Smith and Sharon A. Treaster -- Tolerance of clematis and wisteria to Ronstar and Devrinol / Elton M. Smith and Sharon A. Treaster -- Increasing efficiency of slow-release herbicide tablets / Elton M. Smith and Sharon A. Treaster -- Developing biorational pesticides for the landscape industry / David G. Nielsen -- Interactions between subdue and slow-release fertilizers at high temperatures / Y. Inbar, H. A. J. Hoitink, M. E. Watson, K. D. Cochran, E. M. Smith -- Evaluation of powdery mildew severity on deciduous azaleas at the Secrest Arboretum - 1989 / Kenneth D. Cochran and C. Wayne Ellett -- Winter damage, regrowth and vigor of old garden roses / Gary A. Anderso

1994 turfgrass research report

Moss control on bentgrass greens evaluation / Jill Taylor -- Preemergent spotted spurge broadleaf weed control evaluation / William Pound and Renee Stewart -- Finale/Roundup herbicide demonstration evaluation / William Pound and Renee Stewart -- Turflon solvent evaluation / William Pound and Renee Stewart -- General turfgrass broadleaf weed control evaluation / William Pound and Renee Stewart -- Postemergence herbicide efficacy on crabgrass / John Street and Renee Stewart -- Preemergence herbicide efficacy on crabgrass / John Street, Jill Taylor and Renee Stewart -- Leaf spot control study / Joe Rimelspach, Karl Danneberger and Jill Taylor -- Dollar spot control study / Karl Danneberger, Joe Rimelspach and Jill Taylor -- Brown patch control study / Karl Danneberger, Joe Rimelspach and Jill Taylor -- Anthracnose control study / Karl Danneberger, Joe Rimelspach and Jill Taylor -- Summer patch control study / Joe Rimelspach, Karl Danneberger and Jill Taylor -- Yellow tuft control study / Karl Danneberger, Joe Rimelspach and Jill Taylor -- Red thread control study, Columbus / Joe Rimelspach, Karl Danneberger and Jill Taylor -- Red thread control study, Delaware / Joe Rimelspach, Bobby Joyner, Joe Green and Jerry Sullivan -- Susceptibility of bentgrass cultivars to Fore+ Aliette combinations / Karl Danneberger and Jill Taylor -- Suppression of turf diseases with biocontrol agent fortified compost-amended topdressings / Marcella Grebus, Carol Musselman, Joe Rimelspach and Harry Hoitink -- Evaluation of fungicides for resistance to dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoecmpa) on creeping bentgrass / Joe Rimelspach, Jill Taylor and Karl Danneberger -- Application of an insect growth regulator and insecticide on baits for control of ant mounds in turfgrass / David Shetlar, Harry Niemczyk and Kevin Power -- Application of insecticides for control of black turfgrass ataenius larvae in turfgrass / David Shetlar, Harry Niemczyk and Kevin Power -- Evaluation of biorationals and biologicals for control of black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel) and sod webworm (Pyralidae, Crambinae) larvae in bentgrass, 1994 / David Shetlar, Harry Niemczyk and Kevin Power -- Evaluation of pyrethroids and other insecticides for control of black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel) and sod webworm (Pyralidae, Crambinae) larvae in bentgrass, 1994 / David Shetlar, Harry Niemczyk and Kevin Power -- Surface and subsurface applied insecticides for control of white grubs in turfgrass / David Shetlar, Harry Niemczyk and Kevin Power -- Influence of application time on the efficacy of insect growth regulators for control of white grubs in turfgrass / David Shetlar, Harry Niemczyk and Kevin Power -- Subsurface placement of controlled release chlorpyrifos granules for extended control of Japanese beetle larvae in turfgrass: third report / Harry Niemczyk and David Shetlar -- Evaluation of Turplex 3 % EC for control of black cutworm larvae on the greens of Shadow Creek Golf Course, N. Las Vegas, Nevada / Harry Niemczyk -- Nitrogen Source and Rate effect on Kentucky bluegrass / John Street and Renee Stewart -- Polymer-coated nitrogen source effect on Kentucky bluegrass / John Street and Renee Stewart -- Evaluation of turfgrass species and cultivars for shade / Jill Taylor -- Regional low input sustainable turf study / Jill Taylor -- 1990 NTEP perennial ryegrass test / Jill Taylor -- 1994 NTEP perennial ryegrass test / Jill Taylor -- 1993 NTEP bentgrass test (fairway/tee) / Jill Taylor -- 1993 NTEP fineleaf fescue test / Jill Taylor -- Bermudagrass management study / John Street and Jill Taylor -- Duration of rolling as measured by ball roll / Karl Danneberger, Jill Taylor and Jobin Morrow -- Golf ball roll as influenced by soft spike and traditional metal spike golf shoes / Karl Danneberger and Jobin Morrow -- Primo/Banner interaction study / Bill Pound, Renee Stewart and Joe Rimelspach -- Primo growth regulator evaluation on creeping bentgrass / William Pound and Renee Stewart -- Restriction of arbitrary amplification fragments of Poa annua L. / Patty Sweeney and Karl Danneberge

Ornamental plants: annual reports and research reviews

Ohio State University Extension Nursery, Landscape, and Turf Team Directory: 1998 / Jack Kerrigan -- Floriculture Industry Roundtable of Ohio: 1998 / Charles Behnke -- Ohio State University Extension Buckeye Yard and Garden Line / James A. Chatfield, Pamela J. Bennett, Joseph F. Boggs, Gary Y. Gao, Jane C. Martin, David J. Shetlar and Randall H. Zondag -- Environmental and cultural problems of ornamental plants in Ohio: 1997 / Pamela J. Bennett and Jane C. Martin -- Insect and mite activity noted in Ohio nurseries and landscapes: 1997 / Joseph F. Boggs, David J. Shetlar, Jane C. Martin, Pamela J. Bennett, James A. Chatfield, Gary Y. Gao and Chris Carlson -- Summary of ornamental diseases in Ohio: 1997 / James A. Chatfield, Nancy J. Taylor, Stephen N. Nameth, Chris Carlson, Joseph F. Boggs, Jane C. Martin, Dan Balser and David Madison -- Weed problems in Ohio landscapes and nurseries: 1997 / Gary Y. Gao, Joseph F. Boggs, Pamela J. Bennett, Jane C. Martin, Mary Ann Rose, Joseph W. Rimelspach, Randall H. Zondag and William E. Pound -- Wildlife problems in Ohio landscapes: 1997 / Gary Y. Gao, Joseph F. Boggs, Jane C. Martin, Charles T. Behnke and James A. Chatfield -- Summary of turf cultural and disease problems in 1997 / Gary Y. Gao, Joseph F. Boggs, Pamela J. Bennett, Jane C. Martin, Joseph W. Rimelspach and James A. Chatfield -- Master Gardeners serve Ohio / Marianne Riofrio -- The greening of Poland's nurseries / Kenneth D. Cochran and Wojtek Grabczewski -- The marketing potential of Ginkgo biloba in the United States / Kenneth D. Cochran -- Composts in the Landscape: Effects on Soil pH and plant growth / Mary Ann Rose and Hao Wang -- How to optimize disease control using composts / Harry A. J. Hoitink, Wei-Zheng Zhang, David Y. Han, Alexandra G. Stone, Matthew S. Krause and Warren A. Dick -- The flowering sequence of ornamental plants as a tool for predicting the phenology of insect pests / Daniel A. Herms -- Reducing maintenance costs may mean selecting plants with the fewest flaws / T. Davis Sydnor-- Comprehensive aesthetic evaluations of crabapples at Secrest Arboretum in Wooster: 1993-1997 / Erik A. Draper, James A. Chatfield, Kenneth D. Cochran, Peter W. Bristol and David E. Allen -- Precision control of microirrigation for container-grown mini-roses / Robert C. Hansen, Ted H. Short, C. C. Pasian and R. Peter Fynn -- Red thread (Laetisaria fuciformis) control study on perennial ryegrass / Joseph W. Rimelspach, Kerry Kline, Karl Danneberger and Michael Boehm-- Red thread (Laetisaria fuciformis) control study on Kentucky bluegrass / Joseph W. Rimelspach, Kerry Kline, Karl Danneberger and Michael Boehm -- Red thread - from novelty to nuisance / Joseph W. Rimelspach -- Chrysanthemum cultivars differ in response to photoperiod when grown under far-red absorbing filters / M. J. McMahon -- Improving fuchsia cutting performance by grafting / D. M. Napier and M. J. McMahon -- Paint/paclobutrazol mix on the inside surface of rooting wedge cells to control poinsettia cutting height / Claudio C. Pasian -- Response of poinsettias to paclobutrazol in paint applications / Claudio C. Pasian and Daniel K. Struve -- Dynamic transpiration of highly stressed container-grown Acer rubrum / Ted H. Short, Ahmet Irvem and Robert C. Hansen -- Effects of temperature on the development of Asiatic Lilies / J. Steininger and C. C. Pasian-- New publications for 1997-199

Enhanced Botrytis cinerea resistance of Arabidopsis plants grown in compost may be explained by increased expression of defense-related genes, as revealed by microarray analysis

Composts are the products obtained after the aerobic degradation of different types of organic matter waste and can be used as substrates or substrate/soil amendments for plant cultivation. There is a small but increasing number of reports that suggest that foliar diseases may be reduced when using compost, rather than standard substrates, as growing medium. The purpose of this study was to examine the gene expression alteration produced by the compost to gain knowledge of the mechanisms involved in compost-induced systemic resistance. A compost from olive marc and olive tree leaves was able to induce resistance against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis, unlike the standard substrate, perlite. Microarray analyses revealed that 178 genes were differently expressed, with a fold change cut-off of 1, of which 155 were up-regulated and 23 were down-regulated in compost-grown, as against perlite-grown plants. A functional enrichment study of up-regulated genes revealed that 38 Gene Ontology terms were significantly enriched. Response to stress, biotic stimulus, other organism, bacterium, fungus, chemical and abiotic stimulus, SA and ABA stimulus, oxidative stress, water, temperature and cold were significantly enriched, as were immune and defense responses, systemic acquired resistance, secondary metabolic process and oxireductase activity. Interestingly, PR1 expression, which was equally enhanced by growing the plants in compost and by B. cinerea inoculation, was further boosted in compost-grown pathogen-inoculated plants. Compost triggered a plant response that shares similarities with both systemic acquired resistance and ABA-dependent/independent abiotic stress responses

Ornamental plants: annual reports and research reviews, 2002

Ohio State University Extension Nursery, Landscape, and Turf Team directory: 2003 / Jack Kerrigan -- Floriculture Industry Roundtable of Ohio: 2003 / Charles Behnke -- Ohio State University Extension 2002 Buckeye Yard and Garden Line evaluation survey / Amy K. Stone and James A. Chatfield -- Weather, environmental, and cultural problems of ornamental plants in Ohio: 2002 / Pamela J. Bennett -- Infectious disease problems of ornamental plants in Ohio: 2002 / James A. Chatfield, Nancy A. Taylor, Erik A. Draper, and Joseph F. Boggs -- A biological calendar for predicting pest activity: six years of plant and insect phenology in Secrest Arboretum / Daniel A. Herms -- Biological suppression of foliar diseases of ornamental plants with composted manures, biosolids, and Trichoderma hamatum 382 / Harry A. J. Hoitink, Carol A. Musselman, Terry L. Moore, Leona E. Horst, Charles R. Krause, Randy A. Zondag, and Hannah Mathers -- Growth and water use by four leguminous tree species in containers on a gravel surface or embedded in mulch / Michael Knee, Daniel K. Struve, Michael H. Bridgewater, and Joseph W. Phillips -- The effects of sprayer configuration on efficacy for the control of scab on crabapple / Charles R. Krause, Richard C. Derksen, Leona E. Horst, Randall Zondag, Ross D. Brazee, Michael G. Klein, and Michael E. Reding -- Update on honeylocust knot / Pierluigi Bonello, Maria Bellizzi, and Harry A. J. Hoitink -- Control of phytophthora and other major diseases of Ericaceous plants / Harry A. J. Hoitink, Steven T. Nameth, and James C. Locke -- Is your landscape mulch going up in smoke? / Larry G. Steward, T. Davis Sydnor, and Bert Bishop -- IR-4 ornamental trials conducted by USDA-ARS in Ohio: 2002 / Betsy A. Anderson, Michael E. Reding, Michael G. Klein, and Charles R. Krause -- Research on black vine weevil and white grubs in ornamental nurseries-in Ohio by USDA-ARS / Michael E. Reding, Michael G. Klein, Ross D. Brazee, and Charles R. Krause -- Herbaceous ornamental field trial results in Clark County, Ohio – 2002 / Pamela J. Bennett -- Results of annual trial gardens at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden for 2002 / Dave Dyke -- Ohio State University Learning Garden annual cultivar trials / Monica M. Kmetz-Gonzalez and Claudio C. Pasian -- A collection of crabapple knowledge from Secrest Arboretum: 1993-2002 / Erik A. Draper, James A. Chatfield, and Kenneth D. Cochran -- Key results of the 2001 Ohio Green Industry Survey / Gary Y. Gao, John J. Smith, James A. Chatfield, Joseph F. Boggs, Erik A. Draper, and Hannah Mathers -- The USDA/Agricultural Research Service research weather network in Lake County, Ohio - 2002 update / R. D. Brazee, R. C. Derksen, C. R. Krause, K. A. Williams, D. Lohnes, M. G. Klein, M. Reding, R. Lyons, W. Hendricks, R. Zondag, R. D. Fox, and D. Herms -- The OSU Chadwick Arboretum Learning Gardens / Dr. Steven Still and Annette Duetz -- Choosing soil testing labs / Gary Y, Gao, Maurice E. Watson, Joseph F. Boggs, and James A. Chatfield -- Top horticultural references for a green industry professional's library / Gary Y. Gao and Pamela J. Bennett -- The maples of Secrest Arboretum / Gary W. Graham, James A. Chatfield, and Kenneth D. Cochran -- Deck the halls with boughs from Ollie! / Kenneth D. Cochran and James A. Chatfiel