LES FRACTURES DE L’OS ZYGOMATIQUE AU CHU SYLVANUS OLYMPIO DE LOME : A PROPOS DE 152 CAS.

Background: fractures of the zygomatic complex are a fairly common phenomenon in the practice of maxillo-facial traumatology and are a major problem or therapeutic management due to possible functional and aesthetic complications. The purpose of this study was to report the different epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of fractured zygoma in Lomé. Methods: A 10-year retrospective audit was undertaken of all hospitalized patients, at the department of ENT and Cervico-maxillofacial surgery in Sylvanus Olympio teaching Hospital of Lomé (Togo), who had sustained a fractured zygoma from 2004 to 2013. Results: A total of 152 fractures were sustained and representing 5.4% of all the patients of the department. The average age of the patient was 34 years. The sex distribution is markedly higher for males than for females (6.6/1). Road traffic accidents (88.8%) were the main etiology and motorcycle accident (42.76%) were predominant. Tetrapod fractures (61.18%) were the most frequent type of fractures. In 16,44% of cases fracture of zygoma were not associated with another fracture. Cases were managed by either closed (50%) or open (48.90%) reduction. Percutaneous reduction described by Ginestet (60.43%) was the commonest technique employed for closed treatment and transosseous wiring (66.29%) was the most frequently employed fixation for open reduction Conclusion: fractures of the zygomatic bone are relatively frequent interesting young and male people, due to traffic accidents. Road safety must be respected and the open reduction treatment increasd

Cancers Primitifs Oto-Rhino-Laryngologiques Et Cervico-Maxillo-Faciaux De L’enfant: Aspects Épidémiologiques Et Histopathologiques

Objective: Have a view on child’s head and neck cancers in a reference centre in Togo. Methodology: It was a descriptive retrospective study about the cancers diagnosed among children under 15 years in head and neck department of Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lomé in Togo from 1st January 2005 to 31 December 2014. The pieces were analysed in the pathological anatomy laboratory of the same teaching Hospital. Results: The child’s head and neck cancers represented 0.8 % of the whole ENT tumours and 5.5% of head and neck cancers. The average age was 8 years ± 4.7 ranging from 3 months to 15 years. The male sexe was predominant in 15 cases. The frequent location was ganglions, followed by oral cavity (gingivo-maxillary location and gingivo-mandibular location) in respectively 13 and 6 cases. The sinus, rhinopharynx, and larynx locations were found in 01 case of each cancer. In terms of histopathology, there were 21 cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of which 09 cases of Burkitt’s and 01 case of inferior lip neuroblastoma. Conclusion: Child’s head and neck cancers are scarce in Togo and dominated by malignant primitive cervical adenopathy

The Unknown Risk of Vertical Transmission in Sleeping Sickness—A Literature Review

Children with human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) present with a range of generally non-specific symptoms. Late diagnosis is frequent with often tragic outcomes. Trypanosomes can infect the foetus by crossing the placenta. Unequivocal cases of congenital infection that have been reported include newborn babies of infected mothers who were diagnosed with HAT in the first 5 days of life and children of infected mothers who had never entered an endemic country themselves

Restricted Application of Insecticides: A Promising Tsetse Control Technique, but What Do the Farmers Think of It?

Restricted application of insecticides to cattle is a cheap and safe farmer-based method to control tsetse and the diseases they transmit, i.e. human and animal African trypanosomoses. The efficiency of this new control method has been demonstrated earlier but no data is available on its perception and adoption intensity by farmers. We studied these two features in Burkina Faso, where the method has diffused thanks to two development projects. The study allowed identifying three groups of farmers with various adoption intensities, of which one was modern and two traditional. The economic benefit and the farmers' knowledge of the epidemiological system appeared to have a low impact on the early adoption process whereas some modern practices, as well as social factors appeared critical. The quality of technical support provided to the farmers had also a great influence on the adoption rate. The study highlighted individual variations in risk perceptions and benefits, as well as the prominent role of the socio-technical network of cattle farmers. The results of the study are discussed to highlight the factors that should be taken into consideration, to move discoveries from bench to field for an improved control of trypanosomoses vectors

Parameterization of a coarse-grained model of cholesterol with point-dipole electrostatics

© 2018, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. We present a new coarse-grained (CG) model of cholesterol (CHOL) for the electrostatic-based ELBA force field. A distinguishing feature of our CHOL model is that the electrostatics is modeled by an explicit point dipole which interacts through an ideal vacuum permittivity. The CHOL model parameters were optimized in a systematic fashion, reproducing the electrostatic and nonpolar partitioning free energies of CHOL in lipid/water mixtures predicted by full-detailed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The CHOL model has been validated by comparison to structural, dynamic and thermodynamic properties with experimental and atomistic simulation reference data. The simulation of binary DPPC/cholesterol mixtures covering the relevant biological content of CHOL in mammalian membranes is shown to correctly predict the main lipid behavior as observed experimentally

Gut microbiota and diabetes: from pathogenesis to therapeutic perspective

More than several hundreds of millions of people will be diabetic and obese over the next decades in front of which the actual therapeutic approaches aim at treating the consequences rather than causes of the impaired metabolism. This strategy is not efficient and new paradigms should be found. The wide analysis of the genome cannot predict or explain more than 10–20% of the disease, whereas changes in feeding and social behavior have certainly a major impact. However, the molecular mechanisms linking environmental factors and genetic susceptibility were so far not envisioned until the recent discovery of a hidden source of genomic diversity, i.e., the metagenome. More than 3 million genes from several hundreds of species constitute our intestinal microbiome. First key experiments have demonstrated that this biome can by itself transfer metabolic disease. The mechanisms are unknown but could be involved in the modulation of energy harvesting capacity by the host as well as the low-grade inflammation and the corresponding immune response on adipose tissue plasticity, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and even the secondary cardiovascular events. Secreted bacterial factors reach the circulating blood, and even full bacteria from intestinal microbiota can reach tissues where inflammation is triggered. The last 5 years have demonstrated that intestinal microbiota, at its molecular level, is a causal factor early in the development of the diseases. Nonetheless, much more need to be uncovered in order to identify first, new predictive biomarkers so that preventive strategies based on pre- and probiotics, and second, new therapeutic strategies against the cause rather than the consequence of hyperglycemia and body weight gain