EFFETTI DELL\u2019APPLICAZIONE DI CPPU E DEL RAPPORTO FOGLIE/FRUTTI SULL\u2019ACCUMULO DI SOSTANZA SECCA E SUL BILANCIO DI CARBOIDRATI IN FRUTTI DI ACTINIDIA

Il CPPU \ue8 stato recentemente registrato in Italia per l\u2019uso sulla coltura di actinidia. Peraltro, nonostante i numerosi studi condotti, il meccanismo di azione non \ue8 ancora stato completamento chiarito. L\u2019applicazione di CPPU ha come principale effetto l\u2019aumento della pezzatura dei frutti, sebbene non sempre ci\uf2 sia accompagnato da un accumulo di sostanza secca (%SS). La %SS \ue8 correlata con la concentrazione di carboidrati e con la qualit\ue0 finale dei frutti. Il presente lavoro ha affrontato lo studio della relazione tra l\u2019applicazione del formulato e l\u2019accumulo di carboidrati. Il CPPU alla concentrazione di 10ppm \ue8 stato applicato per immersione su frutticini 28 giorni dopo la fioritura. I frutti erano portati da germogli anulati dove erano stati imposti diversi rapporti foglie /frutti pari a 3:1 (alta carica) o 6:1 (bassa carica). Gli effetti su pezzatura e peso secco dei frutti sono stati rilevati a partire da 7 giorni dal trattamento. I frutti trattati con CPPU hanno presentato un peso fresco e secco maggiore del controllo mentre la %SS diminuiva a partire da 3 settimane dopo il trattamento. La bassa carica di frutti combinata con l\u2019applicazione di CPPU ha determinato un aumento in %SS rispetto all\u2019alta carica sebbene i valori siano sempre risultati inferiori ai rispettivi controlli non trattati. Il contenuto di amido nei frutti trattati \ue8 risultato inferiore rispetto al controllo mentre il contenuto in zuccheri solubili \ue8 invece risultato superiore, suggerendo una modifica nell\u2019equilibrio con l\u2019accumulo di amido. La bassa carica di frutti e l\u2019applicazione di CPPU hanno accelerato il processo di maturazione, come per l\u2019appunto indicato dalla pi\uf9 alta concentrazione di zuccheri solubili alla data di raccolta

An up-date on health-related quality of life in myasthenia gravis -results from population based cohorts

Abstract Current available therapies control Myasthenia gravis (MG) reasonably well, but Health Related Quality of life (HRQOL) remains lower than expected. The aim was provide insights in how HRQOL in MG stands across borders and time, compare the scores to general population controls and other chronic disorders and assess the impact of potential predictors for quality of life such as a) clinical characteristics b) antibodies c) thymoma and d) treatment in a population-based cohort. Methods We designed a population-based cross-sectional study including 858 patients, 373 from Norway and 485 from the Netherlands. The Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) and a cross-cultural validated questionnaire were used. Data were in addition compared to the general population, other chronic diseases and previous studies. Results Mean physical composite score was 59.4 and mental composite score 69.0 with no differences between the countries. The mean HRQOL score was lower in patients with bulbar and generalized symptoms (p < 0.001) compared to sex and age adjusted healthy controls, but not in patients with ocular symptoms or patients in remission. Multivariate analysis revealed that female gender, generalized symptoms and use of secondary immunosuppressive drugs at the time of testing were risk factors for reduced HRQOL. Conclusions Remission and absence of generalized symptoms were favorable factors for HRQOL in MG patients. Historically, the HRQOL levels have not changed since 2001 and no new clinical predictors could be detected in this exhaustive population-based study. Further studies should explore the impact of non clinical factors like ethnic variations, socio-economic and hormonal factors on HRQOL

Influence of remifentanil on the control performance of the bispectral index controlled Bayesian-based closed-loop system for propofol administration

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the clinical performance of a model-based, patient-individualized closed-loop (CL) control system for propofol administration using the bispectral index (BIS) as a controlled variable during the induction and maintenance of anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil and studied the influence of the targeted effect-site concentration of remifentanil (Ce-REMI) on its clinical performance. METHODS: In 163 patients, propofol was administered using a CL system (BIS target [BISTARGET] between 40 and 50). Initial Ce-REMI targets between 2 and 7.5 ng/mL were selected as deemed clinically required. Performance parameters during induction were the time required to initially cross the target BIS, the time required to reach the maximal drug effect after induction (T-PEAK,T- BIS) and the corresponding BIS at this moment, and the time required to regain the target BIS at the end of induction. Performance during maintenance was defined as the percentage of case time with target BIS +/- 10 from target and the amount of performance error (PE) between the observed and target BIS values and its derived median PE (MDPE) as a measure of control bias, median absolute PE (MDAPE) as a measure of control inaccuracy, divergence as a measure of the time-related trend of the measured BIS values relative to the target BIS values, and wobble as a measure of intrasubject variability in prediction error. The secondary end point was the hemodynamic stability of the patient during CL control. RESULTS: The applied CL system induced and maintained anesthesia within clinically accepted ranges. The percentage of case time [mean (standard deviation [SD]) across all study participants] with BIS +/- 10 from the target was 82% (14%). The mean (SD) population MDPE and MDAPE were -6.6% (5.5%) and 11.2% (5.5%), respectively. A negative divergence [-0.001 (0.004)] and acceptable wobble [9.7% (4.0%)] were found. The correlation between the system PE and Ce-REMI was low and only influenced by a Ce-REMI CONCLUSIONS: The applied CL system for propofol administration has an acceptable performance in the Ce-REMI range of 2.8-7.5 ng/mL during the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. There was no evidence of a strong association between Ce-REM and the CL performance. This study also shows that when the Ce-REMI is <2.8 ng/mL, it might be more challenging to prevent arousal during propofol anesthesia

Increased risk for clinical onset of myasthenia gravis during the postpartum period

Neurological Motor Disorder