196 research outputs found
On Refinements of Boolean and Parametric Modal Transition Systems
We consider the extensions of modal transition systems (MTS), namely Boolean
MTS and parametric MTS and we investigate the refinement problems over both
classes. Firstly, we reduce the problem of modal refinement over both classes
to a problem solvable by a QBF solver and provide experimental results showing
our technique scales well. Secondly, we extend the algorithm for thorough
refinement of MTS providing better complexity then via reductions to previously
studied problems. Finally, we investigate the relationship between modal and
thorough refinement on the two classes and show how the thorough refinement can
be approximated by the modal refinement
Hennessy-Milner Logic with Greatest Fixed Points as a Complete Behavioural Specification Theory
There are two fundamentally different approaches to specifying and verifying
properties of systems. The logical approach makes use of specifications given
as formulae of temporal or modal logics and relies on efficient model checking
algorithms; the behavioural approach exploits various equivalence or refinement
checking methods, provided the specifications are given in the same formalism
as implementations.
In this paper we provide translations between the logical formalism of
Hennessy-Milner logic with greatest fixed points and the behavioural formalism
of disjunctive modal transition systems. We also introduce a new operation of
quotient for the above equivalent formalisms, which is adjoint to structural
composition and allows synthesis of missing specifications from partial
implementations. This is a substantial generalisation of the quotient for
deterministic modal transition systems defined in earlier papers
McBits Revisited
This paper presents a constant-time fast implementation for a high-security code-based encryption system. The implementation is based on the âMcBitsâ paper by Bernstein, Chou, and Schwabe in 2013: we use the same FFT algorithms for root finding and syndrome computation, similar algorithms for secret permutation, and bitslicing for low-level operations. As opposed to McBits, where a high decryption throughput is achieved by running many decryption operations in parallel, we take a different approach to exploit the internal parallelism in one decryption operation for the use of more applications. As the result, we manage to achieve a slightly better decryption throughput at a much higher security level than McBits. As a minor contribution, we also present a constant-time implementation for encryption and key-pair generation, with similar techniques used for decryption
Development of proglacial lakes and evaluation of related outburst susceptibility at the Adygine ice-debris complex, northern Tien Shan
The formation and development of glacial lakes in mountainous
regions is one of the consequences of glacier recession. Such lakes may drain
partially or completely when the stability of their dams is disturbed or as
a consequence of impacts. We present a case study from the Central Asian
mountain range of Tien Shan â a north-oriented tributary of the Adygine
Valley, where the retreat of a polythermal glacier surrounded by permafrost
has resulted in the formation of several generations of lakes. The aim of
this study was to analyse the past development of different types of glacial
lakes influenced by the same glacier, to project the site's future
development, and to evaluate the outburst susceptibility of individual lakes
with an outlook for expected future change. We addressed the problem using a
combination of methods, namely bathymetric, geodetic and geophysical on-site
surveys, satellite images and digital elevation model analysis, and modelling
of glacier development. Based on this case of the glacial lakes being of
varied age and type, we demonstrated the significance of glacier ice in lake
development. Lake 3, which is in contact with the glacier terminus, has
changed rapidly over the last decade, expanding both in area and depth and
increasing its volume by more than 13 times (7800 to 106 000 m3). The hydrological connections and routing of glacier meltwater have
proved to be an important factor as well, since most lakes in the region are
drained by subsurface channels. As the site is at the boundary between
continuous and discontinuous permafrost, the subsurface water flow is
strongly governed by the distribution of non-frozen zones above, within, or
beneath the perennially frozen ground. In the evaluation of lake outburst
susceptibility, we have highlighted the importance of field data, which can
provide crucial information on lake stability. In our case, an understanding
of the hydrological system at the site, and its regime, helped to categorise
Lake 2 as having low outburst susceptibility, while Lake 1 and Lake 3 were labelled as
lakes with medium outburst susceptibility. Further development of the site
will be driven mainly by rising air temperatures and increasingly negative
glacier mass balance. All three climate model scenarios predicted a
significant glacier areal decrease by 2050, specifically leaving 73.2 %
(A1B), 62.3 % (A2), and 55.6 % (B1) of the extent of the glacier in 2012.
The glacier retreat will be accompanied by changes in glacier runoff, with
the first peak expected around 2020, and the formation of additional lakes.</p
Early Childhood Lower Respiratory Illness and Air Pollution
BackgroundFew studies of air pollutants address morbidity in preschool children. In this study we evaluated bronchitis in children from two Czech districts: Teplice, with high ambient air pollution, and Prachatice, characterized by lower exposures.ObjectivesOur goal was to examine rates of lower respiratory illnesses in preschool children in relation to ambient particles and hydrocarbons.MethodsAir monitoring for particulate matter 2 years of age, for PAHs compared with fine particles. Preschool-age children may be particularly vulnerable to air pollutionâinduced illnesses
Quantitative Modal Transition Systems
International audienceThis extended abstract offers a brief survey presentation of the specification formalism of modal transition systems and its recent extensions to the quantitative setting of timed as well as stochastic systems. Some applications will also be briefly mentioned
Unexpected discovery: a guided-inquiry experiment on the reaction kinetics of zinc with sulfuric acid
The role of practical work in the training of student teachers is central to the development of their future pedagogy and practice. However, not all laboratory based activities give sufficient challenge in the development of both cognitive and practical skills. The activity proposed in this paper helps reinforce an understanding of reaction kinetics through a study of the reaction of zinc with sulfuric acid. In this study, the observed reaction kinetics conflicted with the typical expectation, which offered a problem to motivate an inquiry-based activity
Constitutive Overexpression of the OsNAS Gene Family Reveals Single-Gene Strategies for Effective Iron- and Zinc-Biofortification of Rice Endosperm
BACKGROUND: Rice is the primary source of food for billions of people in developing countries, yet the commonly consumed polished grain contains insufficient levels of the key micronutrients iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and Vitamin A to meet daily dietary requirements. Experts estimate that a rice-based diet should contain 14.5 ”g gâ1 Fe in endosperm, the main constituent of polished grain, but breeding programs have failed to achieve even half of that value. Transgenic efforts to increase the Fe concentration of rice endosperm include expression of ferritin genes, nicotianamine synthase genes (NAS) or ferritin in conjunction with NAS genes, with results ranging from two-fold increases via single-gene approaches to six-fold increases via multi-gene approaches, yet no approach has reported 14.5 ”g gâ1 Fe in endosperm. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Three populations of rice were generated to constitutively overexpress OsNAS1, OsNAS2 or OsNAS3, respectively. Nicotianamine, Fe and Zn concentrations were significantly increased in unpolished grain of all three of the overexpression populations, relative to controls, with the highest concentrations in the OsNAS2 and OsNAS3 overexpression populations. Selected lines from each population had at least 10 ”g gâ1 Fe in polished grain and two OsNAS2 overexpression lines had 14 and 19 ”g gâ1 Fe in polished grain, representing up to four-fold increases in Fe concentration. Two-fold increases of Zn concentration were also observed in the OsNAS2 population. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated that OsNAS2 overexpression leads to significant enrichment of Fe and Zn in phosphorus-free regions of rice endosperm. CONCLUSIONS: The OsNAS genes, particularly OsNAS2, show enormous potential for Fe and Zn biofortification of rice endosperm. The results demonstrate that rice cultivars overexpressing single rice OsNAS genes could provide a sustainable and genetically simple solution to Fe and Zn deficiency disorders affecting billions of people throughout the world.Alexander A. T. Johnson, Bianca Kyriacou, Damien L. Callahan, Lorraine Carruthers, James Stangoulis, Enzo Lombi and Mark Teste
- âŠ