Elma (Malus communis L) yetiştiriciliğinde enerji girdi-çıktı analizi: Tekirdağ ili örneği

belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Enerji kullanım etkinliği çalışması, Tekirdağ ili Merkez ilçesi Nusratlı köyündeki bir işletmede 2015 üretim sezonunda 12 da alana sahip elma bahçesinde yapılan gözlem ve ölçüm yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Girdiler içerisinde mekanizasyon enerjisinin rolü ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Hesaplanan verilere göre, elma yetiştiriciliğinde toplam enerji girdisi, toplam ürün verimi, toplam enerji çıktısı, enerji çıktı/girdi oranı, özgül enerji, enerji verimliliği ve net enerji verimi sırasıyla 58839.65 MJ ha-1, 38370 kg ha-1, 92088.00 MJ ha-1, 1.56, 1.53 MJ kg-1, 0.64 kg MJ-1 ve 33248.35 MJ ha-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, elma yetiştiriciliğinde genel enerji girdileri içerisinde en fazla enerji tüketim sırasıyla gübre enerjisi, yakıt-yağ enerjisi, kimyasallar, makine, insan işgücü ve sulama enerjisi olarak belirlenmiştir.This study aims to define the energy usage efficiency in apple cultivation in the Province of Tekirdağ. The study was conducted during 2015 production season through observation and measurement in an apple garden with a land area of 12 da and located in Nusratlı village in Central Tekirdağ. It has been tried to reveal the role of mechanization energy among all the inputs. According to the calculated data, in apple cultivation the respective figures for total energy input, total fruition, total energy output, energy output/input rate, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy have been calculated as 58839.65 MJ ha-1, 38370 kg ha-1, 92088.00 MJ ha-1, 1.56, 1.53 MJ kg-1, 0.65 kg MJ-1 and 33248.35 MJ ha-1 respectively. As a result, among the general energy inputs in apple cultivation, the highest energy consuming items have been respectively defined as fertilizer energy, fuel-oil energy, chemicals, machinery, human labour and irrigation energy

Correction to: Two years later: Is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still having an impact on emergency surgery? An international cross-sectional survey among WSES members

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still ongoing and a major challenge for health care services worldwide. In the first WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey, a strong negative impact on emergency surgery (ES) had been described already early in the pandemic situation. However, the knowledge is limited about current effects of the pandemic on patient flow through emergency rooms, daily routine and decision making in ES as well as their changes over time during the last two pandemic years. This second WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey investigates the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on ES during the course of the pandemic. Methods: A web survey had been distributed to medical specialists in ES during a four-week period from January 2022, investigating the impact of the pandemic on patients and septic diseases both requiring ES, structural problems due to the pandemic and time-to-intervention in ES routine. Results: 367 collaborators from 59 countries responded to the survey. The majority indicated that the pandemic still significantly impacts on treatment and outcome of surgical emergency patients (83.1% and 78.5%, respectively). As reasons, the collaborators reported decreased case load in ES (44.7%), but patients presenting with more prolonged and severe diseases, especially concerning perforated appendicitis (62.1%) and diverticulitis (57.5%). Otherwise, approximately 50% of the participants still observe a delay in time-to-intervention in ES compared with the situation before the pandemic. Relevant causes leading to enlarged time-to-intervention in ES during the pandemic are persistent problems with in-hospital logistics, lacks in medical staff as well as operating room and intensive care capacities during the pandemic. This leads not only to the need for triage or transferring of ES patients to other hospitals, reported by 64.0% and 48.8% of the collaborators, respectively, but also to paradigm shifts in treatment modalities to non-operative approaches reported by 67.3% of the participants, especially in uncomplicated appendicitis, cholecystitis and multiple-recurrent diverticulitis. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still significantly impacts on care and outcome of patients in ES. Well-known problems with in-hospital logistics are not sufficiently resolved by now; however, medical staff shortages and reduced capacities have been dramatically aggravated over last two pandemic years

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

BURDUR GÖLÜ ÇEVRESİNDEKİ ÜST KRETASE - TERSİYER YAŞLI SEDİMANTER İSTİFİN TÜM KAYAÇ VE KİL MİNERALOJİSİ

Bu çalışmada, Burdur gölü çevresinde yer alan Üst Kretase-Paleojen yaşlı denizel ve Neojen yaşh gölsel istiften 19 ölçülü kesit alınarak birimlerin tüm kayaç ve kil mineralojisi incelenmiştir. X-ışınları çözümlemeleriyle sedimanter istifi oluşturan kayaçlarda kalsit, dolomit, aragonit, kuvars, plajiyoklaz, K-feldispat, biyotit, muskovit, kil mineralleri (illit, klorit, korensit, simektit) ve analsim belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen bu minerallerden kalsit, dolomit ve aragonit kimyasal çökelme; illit ve klorit detritik, simektit ve korensit diyajenetik ve/veya transformasyon; analsim ise diyajenetik kökenlidir. Korensit, dolomit Üst Kretase; kalsit, simektit Paleosen-Alt Eosen; dolomit, simektit Orta-Üst Eosen; dolomit, illit, klorit Miyosen; dolomit, aragonit, simektit ve analsim Pliyosen yaşlı birimler için, tespit edilen karakteristik mineral parajenezleridir

Determining the Energy Usage Efficiency of Different Soil Tillage Methods and No-Till Method in Aftercrop Beans Production

This study presented the energy usage efficiency of 3 different soil tillage method and no-till method in aftercrop beans production. As a result, the value of specific energy was found as 1.63 MJ/kg in No-till, 1.80 MJ/kg in Rotary tiller + drilling (ROT), 2.01 MJ/kg in Disc harrow + rotary tiller + roller + drilling (HD+ROT), and 3.36 MJ/kg in Disc harrow + drilling (DT). The energy output/input ratio was obtained as 9.01 in no-till, 8.16 in ROT, 7.32 in HD+ROT and 4.38 in DT. It was found that the highest share in the total input energy in all methods was held by fertilizer energy, while fuel-oil had the second place

Value of immunohistochemical detection of FOXO3a as a prognostic marker in human breast carcinoma

Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in women. Forkhead box-O (FOXO) transcription factors act as transcriptional regulators in the nucleus by modulating cell differentiation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Based on the their ability to control cell cycle and apoptosis, FOXOs may be a useful prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. Thus, we aimed to investigate the expression patterns of FOXO3a in human breast cancer tissue, immunohistochemically and to evaluate the whether a relationship between FOXO3a and the prognostic factors of breast tumor. FOXO3a expression patterns were examined in thirty tissue specimens from patients with primary operable breast carcinoma who underwent mastectomy. The score of cytoplasmic staining were ranged from 3 to 4 and the score of nuclear staining were ranged from 0 to 3. 100% of specimens showed cytoplasmic staining, 80% of specimens showed both cytoplasmic and nuclear staining and 20% of specimens showed no nuclear staining. FOXO3a nuclear staining scores showed negative correlation with grade, stage, metastatic axillary lymph node, HER2 score, and Ki-67 proliferative index (P = 0.02, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively) and a positive correlation with estrogen receptor (P = 0.012). There was not found a relationship between between clinicopathological parameters and cytosplasmic staining scores. Consequently, the nuclear FOXO3a accumulation appears to be closely associated with the malignancy of breast tumors. Therefore, consideration of the nuclear FOXO3a staining pattern rather than cytoplasmic staining or total staining pattern will be a more useful prognostic biomarker for breast cancer