Viedma Comunidad Digital: una plataforma para la reactivación de las actividades públicas en el marco de la pandemia Covid-19 en la ciudad de Viedma : Caso de éxito

Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de una plataforma digital innovadora enfocada en la reactivación de la vida pública, social y comunitaria de los espacios públicos abiertos y cerrados de la ciudad con la función de ser un instrumento que permita Gestionar Espacios Públicos y conocer cuál es el nivel de concurrencia de los mismos. Tiene como objetivo generar confianza a los ciudadanos en el uso de los espacios públicos para que sean confiables y seguros en el marco de la pandemia. Además, busca: Identificar e informar cuales son los espacios definidos como protegidos por la comunidad, fortalecer el desarrollo económico local para que los espacios de encuentro y comunidad sean seguros y confiables, conocer la concurrencia de los espacios públicos (abiertos, cerrados), estimular el desarrollo de valores de colaboración, cooperación y responsabilidad ciudadana, generar una Comunidad Digital donde el Gobierno y los Ciudadanos se relacionen. Para la creación de la plataforma se estableció un plan de trabajo entre el Municipio de Viedma y la Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN). Este trabajo presenta detalles técnicos de la platafroma y explica el contexto para su utilización, así como beneficios asociados y recursos técnicos necesarios.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Identificación automática de nosemosis en imágenes microscópicas

La nosemosis es una enfermedad que afecta a las abejas melíferas, se asocia al síndrome de mortandad de colmenas y a la disminución significativa de la producción de miel. Nosema apis y Nosema ceranae son los microsporidios que generan nosemosis cuando se reproducen en el intestino de las abejas y afectan su normal funcionamiento digestivo. Actualmente la detección y el recuento de esporas de nosemas por abeja constituye el diagnóstico: aquellas colmenas con recuentos de nosema superiores a un valor límite deben ser medicadas. Este diagnóstico se realiza de forma manual, mediante el uso de microscopio óptico para observar y contar el número de nosemas por abeja. Este método tiene diversas limitaciones, entre las que destacan la demanda de tiempo, y la alta variación inter-laboratorios debido a la elevada incertidumbre de medición y subjetividad del operario. El presente trabajo, busca diseñar un sistema innovador que pueda detectar y contar las esporas de Nosemas spp. automáticamente, utilizando métodos y técnicas de visión artificial, para superar así las limitaciones del método manual.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativa (SADIO

Identificación automática de nosemosis en imágenes microscópicas

La nosemosis es una enfermedad que afecta a las abejas melíferas, se asocia al síndrome de mortandad de colmenas y a la disminución significativa de la producción de miel. Nosema apis y Nosema ceranae son los microsporidios que generan nosemosis cuando se reproducen en el intestino de las abejas y afectan su normal funcionamiento digestivo. Actualmente la detección y el recuento de esporas de nosemas por abeja constituye el diagnóstico: aquellas colmenas con recuentos de nosema superiores a un valor límite deben ser medicadas. Este diagnóstico se realiza de forma manual, mediante el uso de microscopio óptico para observar y contar el número de nosemas por abeja. Este método tiene diversas limitaciones, entre las que destacan la demanda de tiempo, y la alta variación inter-laboratorios debido a la elevada incertidumbre de medición y subjetividad del operario. El presente trabajo, busca diseñar un sistema innovador que pueda detectar y contar las esporas de Nosemas spp. automáticamente, utilizando métodos y técnicas de visión artificial, para superar así las limitaciones del método manual.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativa (SADIO

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

Liderazgo autoritario y motivación extrínseca en los colaboradores de la empresa Sanitarium Dekar S.A.C, Ate Vitarte 2019

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre el liderazgo Autoritario y la motivación extrínseca de los colaboradores de la empresa Sanitarium Dekar S.A.C, Ate Vitarte 2019, el cual tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, tipo aplicado, nivel relacional descriptivo, diseño no experimental de corte transversal. Una población de 30 colaboradores de la empresa Dekar, una muestra censal, se realizó la técnica empleada la cual fue la encuesta. el instrumento tuvo 20 ítems en total validados cuantitativamente y cualitativamente, con la validez de 3 expertos en administración y con un v. de Aiken de 0.98. los resultados de confiabilidad arrojaron valores de 0,96 de alfa de Cronbach general y 0,96 y 0,91 en dos mitades de guttman. además, se calcularon resultados de normalidad, estadísticos descriptivos generales e individuales, también de inferenciales. Por otro lado, se concluyó que el liderazgo autoritario se relaciona moderadamente con la motivación extrínseca en la empresa Sanitarium Dekar, Ate Vitarte 2019. (p. < 0,005, r=0,651), al igual que sus dimensiones (p.<0,05, r=0,519, 0,428 y 0,718)

Critical thinking as a formative horizon in the engineering curriculum

Resumen: En este artículo se presentan algunas sugerencias acerca de cómo tematizar en carreras de ingeniería el desarrollo de competencias sociales, políticas y actitudinales que colaboren al despliegue de un perfil de egreso que garantice que el graduado posea una adecuada formación que lo habilite para aprender y desarrollar nuevas tecnologías, con actitud ética, crítica y creativa. Específicamente se focalizará en el pensamiento y el actuar crítico como saber enseñable. Se considera a este saber constitutivo de las habilidades intelectuales y actitudes profesionales que despliega o deberían desplegar los estudiantes en sus trayectorias formativas: leer y escribir textos académicos en contexto; argumentar y justificar decisiones, y analizar y proyectar procesos o artefactos tecnológicos contemplando la dimensión social, económica y ambiental. Finalmente, se suman algunas posibilidades, como puntos de referencia provisionales, para ayudar a pensar su inclusión en las propuestas curriculares.Abstract: This article shares some suggestions on how to address the development of social, political and attitudinal competencies in engineering careers to contribute to the deployment of a graduate profile that guarantees that the graduate has adequate training to learn and develop new technologies, with an ethical, critical and creative attitude. Specifically, the focus will be on critical thinking and acting as teachable knowledge. This knowledge is considered constitutive of the intellectual skills and professional attitudes that students develop or should develop in their formative trajectories: reading and writing academic texts in context; arguing and justifying decisions, and analyzing and projecting technological processes or artifacts contemplating the social, economic and environmental dimensions. Finally, some possibilities are added, as provisional reference points, to help think about their inclusion in the curricular proposals

Rotavirus gastroenteritis in Latin America: a hospital-based study in children under 3 years of age

GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals was the funding source and was involved in all stages of the study conduct and analysis. GSK Biologicals also funded all costs associated with the development and the publishing of the present manuscript.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. México D.F., Mexico.Hospital del Niño. Panama City, Panama.Universidad de Valparaíso. Escuela de Medicina. Valparaíso, Chile.Instituto Costarricense de Investigaciones Clínicas. Urbanización de Los Arboles La Uruca. San José, Costa Rica.Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CMN-SXX. Pediatrics Hospital. Medical Research Unit on Infectious Diseases. Mexico City, Mexico.GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals México. México D.F., México.Hospital Dr. Humberto Notti. Villa Nueva de Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina.Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Sra de la Altagracia. Santo Domingo, D.N., Dominican Republic.GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals Argentina. Victoria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.Organización para el Desarrollo y la Investigación Salud en Honduras. Colonia Humuya, Sendero Pastizal, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.Ciudad Hospitalaria Dr. Enrique Tejera. Hospital de Niños Dr. Jorge Lizarraga. Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela.Fundación para el Avance de la Investigación Clínica y Translacional. Consultores Médicos América. Vía España, Carrasquilla, Panama.GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals Costa Rica. San Jose, Costa Rica.GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals Belgium. Rixensart, Belgium.Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrheal disease and dehydration in infants in both developed and developing countries. Vaccines have recently been developed, but detailed epidemiological information, which is needed for decisions about how and where to introduce vaccination, was lacking for many Latin American countries. The primary objective of this study was to measure the incidence and disease burden of rotavirus in young children presenting to Latin American hospitals with gastroenteritis. In addition it allowed to setting up the methodology to further conduct a large phase III trial with a rotavirus vaccine in the region. This was a prospective, multi-center surveillance study of gastroenteritis in children <3 years old presenting to hospitals in 11 Latin American countries. Questionnaires and stool samples were collected from 6521 of 8031 enrolled cases (73% inpatients). Among these, 3122 (49%) were rotavirus positive. Of the rotavirus-positive cases, 12% were <6 months, 48% <1 year and 87% <2 years old; 23% received antibiotics before diagnosis. Median hospital stay was 2 days, 78% received intravenous rehydration. Overall strain distribution was G1 (59%), G2 (1%), G3 (12%), G4 (20%), G9 (6%), G12 (1%), untypable (7%) with large local variations. The direct economic impact on families was considerable: 48% of caregivers lost time from paid work and 69% of families were financially affected by their child's illness. This study confirms the high disease burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children in Latin America, which might be reduced by the use of effective vaccines

Efficacy and safety of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in Latin American infants: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study

Background Peak incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis is seen in infants between 6 and 24 months of age. We therefore aimed to assess the 2-year efficacy and safety of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe gastroenteritis in infants. Methods 15183 healthy infants aged 6-13 weeks from ten Latin American countries randomly assigned in a 1 to 1 ratio to receive two oral doses of RIX4414 or placebo at about 2 and 4 months of age in a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study were followed up until about 2 years of age. Primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy from 2 weeks after dose two until 1 year of age. Treatment allocation was concealed from investigators and parents of participating infants. Efficacy follow-up for gastroenteritis episodes was undertaken from 2 weeks after dose two until about 2 years of age. Analysis was according to protocol. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00140673 (eTrack444563-023). Findings 897 infants were excluded from the according-to-protocol analysis. Fewer cases (p<0.0001) of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis were recorded for the combined 2-year period in the RIX4414 group (32 [0.4%] of 7205; 95% CI 0 . 3-0.6) than in the placebo group (161 [2.3%] of 7081; 1 . 9-2.6), resulting in a vaccine efficacy of 80.5% (71.3-87. 1) to 82.1% (64.6-91.9) against wild-type G1, 77.5% (64.7-86.2) against pooled non-G1 strains, and 80.5% (67.9-88 . 8) against pooled non-G1 P[81 strains. Vaccine efficacy for hospital admission for rotavirus gastroenteritis was 83. 0% (73.1-89.7) and for admission for diarrhoea of any cause was 39.3% (29.1-48 . 1). No cases of intussusception were reported during the second year of follow-up. Interpretation Two doses of RIX4414 were effective against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in a Latin American setting. Inclusion of RIX4414 in routine paediatric immunisations should reduce the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis worldwide

A multi-country study of intussusception in children under 2 years of age in Latin America: analysis of prospective surveillance data

Hospital del Niño. Infectious Disease Department. Ciudad de Panamá, Panama.Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Medical Research Unit on Infectious Diseases. CMN-SXXI. Mexico City, Mexico.Centro de Estudios en Infectologia Pediatrica. Clinica Materno Infantil Los Farallones. Cali, Colombia.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua. Edificio Central. Leόn, Nicaragua.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Hospital Dr. Humberto Notti. Villa Nueva de Guaymallén, Mendoza, ArgentinaUniversidad de Concepción. Concepción, Chile.Universidad de Concepción. Concepción, Chile.Universidad de Valparaíso. Escuela de Medicina. Valparaíso, Chile.Hospital Nacional de Niños. Paseo Colón, San José, Costa Rica.Organización para el Desarrollo y la Investigación Salud en Honduras. Colonia Humuya, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.Hospital General de Tlanepantla “Valle Ceylán”. Tlanepantla, Mexico.Hospital Infantil de Mexico. Calle Dr. Márquez . México DF, Mexico / Ministry of Health. National Center for Child and Adolescent Health. Colonia Merced Gomez, Mexico DF, Mexico.Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. México DF, Mexico.Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Mexico DF, Mexico.Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Sra de la Altagracia. Santo Domingo, DN, República Dominicana.Fundación para el Avance de la Investigación Clínica y Translacional, Consultorios Médicos América. Vía España, Carrasquilla, Panama / GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines. Clayton, Panama.GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines México. México DF, Mexico.GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines Argentina. Buenos Aires, Argentina / Independent Medical Professional. Buenos Aires, Argentina.GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines Costa Rica. San Jose, Costa Rica / GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines. Ciudad del Saber, Clayton, Panama.GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines. Philadelphia, USA / Merck & Co., Global Health Outcomes Vaccines. Philadelphia, PA, USA.GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines. Rixensart, Belgium / Philadelphia Department of Public Health. Philadelphia, USA.GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines. Rixensart, Belgium / P95 Excellence in Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology, Leuven, Belgium.GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines. Rixensart, Belgium / GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Parc de la Noire Epine. Wavre, Belgium.Background: Intussusception (IS) is a form of acute intestinal obstruction that occurs mainly in infants and is usually of unknown cause. An association between IS and the first licensed rotavirus vaccine, a reassortanttetravalent, rhesus-based rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV), led to the withdrawal of the vaccine. New rotavirus vaccines have now been developed and extensively studied for their potential association with IS. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and to estimate the incidence of IS in Latin American infants prior to new vaccine introduction. Methods: Children under 2 years of age representing potential IS cases were enrolled in 16 centers in 11 Latin American countries from January 2003 to May 2005. IS cases were classified as definite, probable, possible or suspected as stated on the Brighton Collaboration Working Group guidelines. Results: From 517 potential cases identified, 476 (92 per cent) cases were classified as definite, 21 probable, 10 possible and 10 suspected for intussusception. Among the 476 definite IS cases, the median age at presentation was 6.4 months with 89 per cent of cases aged 1 year. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The incidence of definite IS per 100,000 subject-years ranged from 1.9 in Brazil to 62.4 in Argentina for children 2 years of age, and from 3.8 in Brazil to 105.3 in Argentina for children aged 1 year. Median hospital stay was 4 days with a high prevalence of surgery as the primary treatment (65 per cent). Most cases (88 per cent) made a complete recovery, but 13 (3 per cent) died. No clear seasonal pattern of IS cases emerged. Conclusions: This study describes the epidemiology and estimates the incidence of IS in Latin American infants prior to the introduction of new rotavirus vaccines. The incidence of IS was found to vary between different countries, as observed in previous studies