Ensihoidon koulutusohjelman nykytila : Kyselytutkimus valmistuville Ensihoitaja (AMK) -opiskelijoille

Kyselytutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa syksyllä 2008 opintonsa aloittaneiden Ensihoitaja (AMK) -opiskelijoiden mielipiteitä ensihoidon koulutusohjelman sisällöstä sekä sen antamista ammatillisista valmiuksista. Tutkimukseen osallistui 56 syksyllä 2008 opintonsa aloittanutta ensihoitajaopiskelijaa viidestä eri suomalaisesta ammattikorkeakoulusta. Kvantitatiivisena kyselytutkimuksena toteutetun tutkimuksen sisältö perustui Opetusministeriön laatimaan selvitykseen ammattikorkeakouluista valmistuvien ensihoitajien ammatillisesta osaamisesta sekä keskeisistä opinnoista. Kyseinen selvitys toimii myös ohjeistuksena ammattikorkeakoulutasoisen ensihoitajakoulutuksen järjestämisestä. Tämän lisäksi työssä kartoitettiin opiskelijoiden kokemuksia opetuksen laadusta. Tutkimuksesta kävi ilmi että ammattikorkeakoulujen kliinisten taitojen opetus on opiskelijoiden mielestä hyvällä tasolla, sekä ensihoidon välineistön ja laitteiden että eri potilasryhmien ensihoidon opetus koettiin riittäväksi. Opiskelijat toivoivat kuitenkin opintojen painottumista sekä pienryhmä- että simulaatioharjoitteluun sekä käytännön työelämässä tapahtuvien harjoitteluiden painottumista akuuttihoitotyöhön. Tämän lisäksi opiskelijat kokivat erityisesti viestiliikenteen hallinnan sekä turvallisen hälytysajon opetuksen ja harjoittelun riittämättöminä. Ensihoidon ammattiopintojen opetus koettiin laadukkaana. Muiden kuin ensihoidon ammattiopintojen koettiin tukevan heikosti ensihoidon osaamista. Opiskelijoiden kokemusten perusteella ensihoitajakoulutuksen valintakokeet mittaavat heikosti alalla työskentelyssä vaadittavia fyysisiä sekä psyykkisiä ominaisuuksia, lisäksi opiskelijat kokivat, ettei koulutusohjelma tue lainkaan fyysisen kunnon ylläpitämistä opiskeluaikana. Tutkimuksella pystyttiin tuomaan ilmi nykyisen ensihoitajakoulutuksen ongelmakohtia opiskelijoiden kokemana, näiden pohjalta ensihoidon koulutusohjelman sisältöä tulisi kehittää vastaamaan paremmin opiskelijoiden sekä työelämän vaatimuksia. Suurimpana kehitysideana tulisi pohtia hyvinkin teoriapainotteisen koulutuksen muuntamista käytännönläheisemmäksi sekä ensihoitajan tutkintoon sisältyvien sairaanhoitajan opintojen kohdentamista paremmin ensihoidon ammattiosaamista tukeviksi.The aim of this study was to map the opinions of emergency nurses about the contents of the Degree Programmes in Emergency Care and about the quality of the teaching. The sample consisted of 56 graduating emergency nurses from five universities of applied sciences. The quantitative survey carried out as part of the study was based on the main contents of a report by the Ministry of Education that dictates the minimum professional skills of graduating emergency nurses. The main topics in the questionnaire were about the professional skills and key studies of emergency nurses. According to this study, the quality of teaching was on a good level as regards clinical skills. The students also experienced that the teaching of equipment and devices used in emergency care as well as the treatment of different patient groups was also adequate. However, the students required more teaching of practical skills in smaller groups and more simulation training. The students also emphasised that most of the clinical training should take place in acute nursing. The majority of participants wanted more training in the use of the Public Authority Network (VIRVE) device and in emergency vehicle operation. The non-emergency nursing studies included in the Degree Programme in Emergency Care supported emergency care skills poorly. The students also emphasised that the entrance exams do not properly measure the physical and psychological properties required in the everyday work of emergency nurses. The findings indicated that the contents of the Degree Programmes in Emergency Care should be more emphasised on the practical studies. The non-emergency nursing studies included in the Degree Programme in Emergency Care should be modified so that they would support emergency care proficiency

Suggestions to Improve Lean Construction Planning

The Last Planner System® has been one of the most popular lean construction tools that offers a solution to tackle the problems of production management on construction sites. Since its inception almost 20 years ago, construction companies across the world have implemented Last Planner with reported success. However, even as Last Planner was originally designed to address some shortcomings of the CPM method, a particular shortcoming – namely task continuity was not addressed directly. Also, excepting PPC and Reasons for Non Completion charts, there are no explicit visual tools offered by the Last Planner system. On the other hand, Line of Balance based approaches intrinsically support the consideration of task continuity, and offer a basic visual management approach in schedule representation. With some exceptions, Line of Balance is seen as a special technique applicable only in linear or repetitive work based schedules. The authors suggest that i) there is a need for a robust theory of planning and scheduling and ii) there is a need for a more suitable approach that addresses critical aspects of planning and scheduling function for example by integrating Line of Balance and Last Planner to provide a more robust support for construction scheduling

HBCD:n kartoitus Suomen rakennuskannassa

Opinnäytetyö on osana Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulun ja Suomen Ympäristökeskuksen johtamaa hanketta, jonka tavoitteena on laatia ohjeistus HBCD:a sisältävien eristeiden tunnistukseen sekä käsittelyyn. Tämän kartoituksen tavoitteena on selvittää, kuinka paljon Suomen rakennuskannassa on käytetty HBCD:a sisältäviä eristemateriaaleja ja missä rakenneosissa ja rakennustyypeissä ko. eristeteitä on eniten käytetty. Heksabromisyklododekaani (HBCD) on bromi-pohjainen palonestoaine, jota on käytetty laajalti polystyreenisissä tuotteissa aina rakennusmateriaaleista säkkituolien täytteisiin. HBCD on ympäristölle sekä ihmisille haitallinen aine, joka lisättiin Tukholman sopimukseen 2013. EPS- ja XPS-eristeitä on käytetty ja käytetään edelleen varsin runsaasti kaikkien rakennustyyppien alapohjissa. Käytetyistä alapohja eristeistä vain tuulettuvissa alapohjissa on käytetty HBCD:a. Ulkoseinissä ja yläpohjissa polystyreenisiä eristeitä on käytetty melko vähän, mutta käytetyistä eristeistä kaikki on S-laatuista.The thesis is part of the project led by Tampere University of Applied Sciences and the Finnish Environmental Administration which aims to provide guidance on the identification and processing of HBCD-containing insulations. The purpose of this survey is to find out how much the HBCD-containing insulations have been used in the building stock in Finland and what are the structural parts and construction types, where insulators are the most widely used. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a bromine-based flame retardant that has been widely used in polystyrene products from building materials to beanbag fillings. HBCD is an environmentally harmful substance that was added to the Stockholm Agreement in 2013. EPS and XPS insulators have been used and are still being used plenty in the base floors of all types of building. The all of insulators of the base floors only in the ventilated base floors has been used HBCD-containing insulations. In exterior walls and roofs, polystyrene insulation has been used quite a bit, but all the insulations that are used are S-qualityOsa opinnäytetyöstä jätetään julkaisematta

Exploring the Recurrent Problems in the Last Planner Implementation on Construction Projects

Traditionally, production control on construction sites has been a challenging area, where the ad-hoc production control methods foster uncertainty - one of the biggest enemies of efficiency and smooth production flow. The Last Planner System® has been one of the most popular lean construction tools that offers a solution to tackle the problems of production management on construction sites. Since its inception almost 20 years ago, construction companies across the world have implemented Last Planner with reported success. However, there have also been reports of challenges in a number of areas whilst implementing the Last Planner. These challenge areas limit the effectiveness of Last Planner if not tackled properly. Some of the biggest challenges appear to be partial implementation of Last Planner; lack of standardised flow of reporting between shorter planning functions such as weekly and daily planning to long range plans (i.e. Phase and Master plans); lack of attention to long range plans; inability to deploy the collaborative aspects and lack of recognition of information systems. In this paper some of these challenges are explored through review of past literature and also through direct observation of Last Planner implementations. The challenges are categorised in two major areas and potential solution candidates are presented.Peer reviewe

Carboxypeptidase A3 expression in canine mast cell tumors and tissue-resident mast cells

Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are one of the most common cutaneous malignancies in dogs. Previous studies have reported expression of mast cell-specific proteases chymase and tryptase in canine cutaneous MCTs and in connective tissue and mucosal mast cells. In humans and rodents, mast cells express an additional specific protease, carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3). In this article, we describe CPA3 immunoreactivity in connective tissue, visceral, mucosal, and neoplastic mast cells in dogs. Positive immunolabeling for CPA3 was observed in nonneoplastic mast cells in 20/20 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal tissues (skin, liver, spleen, intestine), and in 63/63 MCTs irrespective of their histological grade. CPA3 protein expression was comparable to that of c-kit in both the nonneoplastic and neoplastic mast cells. Three distinct labeling patterns (membranous, diffuse, and focal cytoplasmic) were observed for CPA3 in MCTs. The focal cytoplasmic labeling pattern was associated with high-grade MCTs staged with the Kiupel 2-tier grading criteria. We propose CPA3 as a novel immunohistochemical marker for canine mast cells in health and disease.Peer reviewe

Exercise and gastrointestinal symptoms : running-induced changes in intestinal permeability and markers of gastrointestinal function in asymptomatic and symptomatic runners

Peer reviewe

Implementation of HELCOM recommendations and EU water directives in Finland 2001

This publication contains the Finnish implementation reports of the Recommendations adopted under the Technological Committee of the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission - the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) as well as the implementation report of the EU water directives compiled in 2002 (covers the period of 1999-2001). Recommendations for different sectors to curb pollution from various sources have been adopted under the Technological Committee of the Helsinki Commission. The implementation of these HELCOM Recommendations are to be reported to HELCOM every three years. The requirements in the Recommendations include limit values for waste water discharges and air emissions as well as pollution control measures for different sectors. Notwithstanding the elaboration of the reporting since the previous reporting round there are still notable differences in the contents of the reports between the countries. Based on the reports the implementation of the HELCOM recommendations in Finland was on a fairly good level although some areas for further improvement were identified. The Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) is responsible for the reporting of the implementation of the EU water directives in Finland. The data is collated in cooperation with the regional environmental centres (13) and other appropriate stakeholders. Much of the information is abstracted from the emission and water status data bases of the Finnish Environment Administration. This report covers the implementation of the water directives listed in annex I and II of the Reporting Directive 91/692/EEC. The Fish Water Directive (78/659/EEC) was reported for the first time in 2002, whereas for the other water directives, this was the second reporting round (first time reported in 1999)

MEG and EEG data analysis with MNE-Python

Magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography (M/EEG) measure the weak electromagnetic signals generated by neuronal activity in the brain. Using these signals to characterize and locate neural activation in the brain is a challenge that requires expertise in physics, signal processing, statistics, and numerical methods. As part of the MNE software suite, MNE-Python is an open-source software package that addresses this challenge by providing state-of-the-art algorithms implemented in Python that cover multiple methods of data preprocessing, source localization, statistical analysis, and estimation of functional connectivity between distributed brain regions. All algorithms and utility functions are implemented in a consistent manner with well-documented interfaces, enabling users to create M/EEG data analysis pipelines by writing Python scripts. Moreover, MNE-Python is tightly integrated with the core Python libraries for scientific comptutation (NumPy, SciPy) and visualization (matplotlib and Mayavi), as well as the greater neuroimaging ecosystem in Python via the Nibabel package. The code is provided under the new BSD license allowing code reuse, even in commercial products. Although MNE-Python has only been under heavy development for a couple of years, it has rapidly evolved with expanded analysis capabilities and pedagogical tutorials because multiple labs have collaborated during code development to help share best practices. MNE-Python also gives easy access to preprocessed datasets, helping users to get started quickly and facilitating reproducibility of methods by other researchers. Full documentation, including dozens of examples, is available at http://martinos.org/mne