Design and Implementation of an Eye Blink Controlled Human Computer Interface

Advances in Human Computer Interface (HCI) have made this area of research important for improving the standard of living for people with disabilities. An eye blink system is presented to allow people with disabilities to control a standard computer mouse. This system is designed for people who are paralytic with no control over their arms, speech, and anyone who is restricted to only the control of eye and head movements. This system is based on infrared reflectivity to capture and analyze real time eye blink signal of the user. It uses simple economical hardware electronics to emulate the functionality of computer mouse click based on user eye blinks. Informal tests show that the system can successfully distinguish between voluntary and involuntary eye blinks and can emulate user mouse clicks. This interface offers an economical, non-invasive, hands-free, plug and play device that provides the disabled with flexibility to improve their quality of life

Diagnosis of Krumi on the Basis of Sanjat Krumi Lakshana: A Case Report

Worm infestation is the most common pediatric complaint which results in various health issues in children. Vedic literature also approves the presence of Krumi in children. Due to the resemblance of meaning and clinical features, worm infestation is commonly correlated with the Pureeshaja Krumi, which is one of the three types of internal Krumi. Ayurveda also gives common clinical features of Krumi which includes fever, pain in abdomen, skin discoloration, nausea, aversion to food, loose motions and giddiness, etc. This group of symptoms is not correlated with any clinical condition yet.  Hence an effort is made here to present a case of Krumi with the classical features of common manifestations

A Review of an Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Rajanyadi Churna

Rajanyadi Churna is a very popular drug between Ayurveda consultants dealing with children. Vagbhata has described this drug under Balaroga in the management of Dantodbhedajanya Vyadhi. It is useful in various conditions arising during primary dentition in children. It is also said that Rajanyadi Churna can be used in all types of diseases arising in children due to its Agni Deepana properties. The present review tries to explain the properties of Rajanyadi Churna and its usefulness in Dantodbhedajanya Vyadhi along with its clinical significance

Mafic-ultramafic rocks and alkaline-carbonatitic magmatism and associated hydrothermal mineralization: A special issue (Part-I) dedicated to Piero Comin-Chiaramonti

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Comparative seismic fragility of torsionally irregular RC buildings designed using Indian and European codes

Presence of irregularities in building tends to increase its seismic vulnerability. To improve their performance, many current seismic design codes specify larger demand and more stringent design requirements for torsionally irregular buildings, as compared to regular buildings. The current Indian seismic design code (IS 1893 Part 1), however, provides design guidelines that are essentially applicable to only regular buildings. With this view, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the behaviour and capacity at collapse of mid-rise RC frame-shear wall buildings, with and without torsional irregularity, designed according to current IS 1893 (Part 1) and BS EN 1998-1 codes. For this purpose, three-dimensional building models are subjected to bi-directional incremental dynamic analyses (BIDA), using a set of far-field ground motion records. To account for the cyclic deterioration of stiffness and strength, the non-linear behaviour of beams is modelled using an experimentally calibrated lumped plasticity model, while the columns and shear-walls are modelled using fibre-hinge models (ETABS-CSI, 2016) duly calibrated with the experimental results available in literature. Results of the BIDA are used to assess the collapse capacity, and for developing seismic fragility curves according to the FEMA P695 methodology. The results are compared and discussed, with particular emphasis on the adequacy and limitations of the design provisions and recommendations in the two codes, in context of torsionally irregular buildings

A Special Issue (Part-II): mafic-ultramafic rocks andalkaline-carbonatitic magmatism and associated hydrothermalmineralization – dedication to Lia N. Kogarko

Thisisthesecondpartofatwo-volumespecialis- sue of Open Geoscience (formerly Central European Jour- nal of Geosciences) that aims to be instrumental in pro- viding an update of Mac-Ultramac Rocks and Alkaline

Measuring the impact of suspending Umrah, a global mass gathering in Saudi Arabia on the COVID‑19 pandemic

This article uses a stratified SEIR epidemic model to evaluate the impact of Umrah, a global Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic during the month of Ramadan, the peak of the Umrah season. The analyses provide insights into the effects of global mass gatherings on the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic locally and globally

Mechanistic understanding of speciated oxide growth in high entropy alloys

Complex multi-element alloys are gaining prominence for structural applications, supplementing steels, and superalloys. Understanding the impact of each element on alloy surfaces due to oxidation is vital in maintaining material integrity. This study investigates oxidation mechanisms in these alloys using a model five-element equiatomic CoCrFeNiMn alloy, in a controlled oxygen environment. The oxidation-induced surface changes correlate with each element's interactive tendencies with the environment, guided by thermodynamics. Initial oxidation stages follow atomic size and redox potential, with the latter becoming dominant over time, causing composition inversion. The study employs in-situ atom probe tomography, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure techniques to elucidate the oxidation process and surface oxide structure evolution. Our findings deconvolute the mechanism for compositional and structural changes in the oxide film and will pave the way for a predictive design of complex alloys with improved resistance to oxidation under extreme conditions

Extreme shear-deformation-induced modification of defect structures and hierarchical microstructure in an Al–Si alloy

Extreme shear deformation is used for several material processing methods and is unavoidable in many engineering applications in which two surfaces are in relative motion against each other while in physical contact. The mechanistic understanding of the microstructural evolution of multi-phase metallic alloys under extreme shear deformation is still in its infancy. Here, we highlight the influence of shear deformation on the microstructural hierarchy and mechanical properties of a binary as-cast Al-4 at.% Si alloy. Shear-deformation-induced grain refinement, multiscale fragmentation of the eutectic Si-lamellae, and metastable solute saturated phases with distinctive defect structures led to a two-fold increase in the flow stresses determined by micropillar compression testing. These results highlight that shear deformation can achieve non-equilibrium microstructures with enhanced mechanical properties in Al–Si alloys. The experimental and computational insights obtained here are especially crucial for developing predictive models for microstructural evolution of metals under extreme shear deformation.This article is published as Gwalani, Bharat, Matthew Olszta, Soumya Varma, Lei Li, Ayoub Soulami, Elizabeth Kautz, Siddhartha Pathak et al. "Extreme shear-deformation-induced modification of defect structures and hierarchical microstructure in an Al–Si alloy." Communications Materials 1, no. 1 (2020): 85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-020-00087-x. © The Author(s) 2020. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)