The Legacy of Al-Andalus in Mexico: Mudejar Architecture

This article aims to approach the Mudejar architecture developed in Mexico during the 16th and 17th centuries. The subject has been little studied, although both general and specific contributions have been made by the author’s research group. At the methodological level, this study is based on the existing bibliography, as well as archive and field research which allow for an accurate scientific approach and results. The article analyzes the social and productive conditions in Mexico during the Viceregal period, along with the systematization carried by the Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza, the guild ordinances and the architectural typologies. The perception of territory and the use of constructive models by the Viceregal authorities would justify the use of the Mudejar style as cultural and unity criteria.This research was funded by Andalucía y América: Patrimonio Cultural y Relaciones Artísticas (HUM-806)

A crowdsourcing database for the copy‑number variation of the Spanish population

The online version contains supplementary material available at https:// doi. org/ 10. 1186/ s40246‑ 023‑ 00466‑8. Additional file 1: Table S1. List and annotation of protein coding genes affected by at least one CNV in SPACNACS samples processed with Gridss pipeline. Additional file 2: Table S2. List of genes involved in drug pharmacokinet‑ ics and/or drug responseBackground Despite being a very common type of genetic variation, the distribution of copy-number variations (CNVs) in the population is still poorly understood. The knowledge of the genetic variability, especially at the level of the local population, is a critical factor for distinguishing pathogenic from non-pathogenic variation in the discovery of new disease variants.Results Here, we present the SPAnish Copy Number Alterations Collaborative Server (SPACNACS), which currently contains copy number variation profiles obtained from more than 400 genomes and exomes of unrelated Spanish individuals. By means of a collaborative crowdsourcing effort whole genome and whole exome sequencing data, produced by local genomic projects and for other purposes, is continuously collected. Once checked both, the Spanish ancestry and the lack of kinship with other individuals in the SPACNACS, the CNVs are inferred for these sequences and they are used to populate the database. A web interface allows querying the database with different filters that include ICD10 upper categories. This allows discarding samples from the disease under study and obtaining pseudo-control CNV profiles from the local population. We also show here additional studies on the local impact of CNVs in some phenotypes and on pharmacogenomic variants. SPACNACS can be accessed at: .Conclusion SPACNACS facilitates disease gene discovery by providing detailed information of the local variability of the population and exemplifies how to reuse genomic data produced for other purposes to build a local reference database.Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN) Spanish GovernmentInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean CommissionEuropean Regional Development Fund (ERDF, "A way to make Europe")PID2020-117979RB-I00 IMP/00019 IMP/00009 PI20/0130

Hispanic influence in the Architecture of Havana between the nineteenth and twentieth

La independencia de Cuba a fines del siglo XIX no supuso el fin de las relaciones ni de las influencias de España en la isla. Por un lado, las asociaciones de carácter cultural relacionadas con las regiones de origen en la Península Ibérica se visualizaron con grandes arquitecturas y, por otro, las influencias formales relacionadas con el orientalismo y la Alhambra también son visibles en la arquitectura de La Habana.Cuban independence, taking place at the end of the XIXth Century, did not imply the end of the influence of, and the relationship with Spain. On the one hand, cultural associations related to different Iberian regions made themselves present in Cuban urban landscapes through remarkable architecture; on the other, formal influences related to Orientalism and Alhambra were present in Havana architecture

La objeción de conciencia del farmacéutico: casuística y límites

Reflexiona sobre las cuestiones que sustentan el debate sobre la objeción farmacéutica en España con respecto a la píldora del día siguiente (PDS), el embrión antes de alcanzar los 14 días de desarrollo, el respeto a la vida humana. Reflexiona sobre la libertad de ejercicio profesional del farmacéutico. Comenta la postura del Consejo de Colegios Oficiales de Farmacéuticos de España, frente a la PDS

La “insaciabilidad” de la investigación científica: Conflictos de interés

Los estudios realizados demuestran que la mayoría de los principios activos incorporados en el mercado no ofrecen ninguna innovación terapéutica. Sin embargo, las compañías farmacéuticas utilizan cada vez más recursos en investigación y desarrollo. Por otra parte, el sueño de cualquier empresa farmacéutica es , precisamente, lograr desarrollar nuevos “blockbusters” que le aseguren unos ingresos y un claro protagonismo en el mercado

Thiophene-bridged bis-naphthalimidic structures (even and odd) with n-type and ambipolar ofets applications

A brand new series of thiophene bridged bis-naphthalimides has been obtained. These molecules can act as semiconductors and have an even or an odd number of thiophene rings, so that they vary their molecular dipole moments, which have some influence in their molecular packing. With theoretical calculations, the stability of their derivative -dimers (either parallel or antiparallel) has been elucidated. Results indicate a face-to-face parallel molecular packing for these semiconductors, regardless of their estimated molecular dipole moments. The results obtained are reasonable regarding the field-effect mobilities that have been measured in a bottom-gate topcontact transistor architecture; no direct correlation between performances and dipolar moments is shown. Ambipolar field-effect mobilities have been recorded for the systems of greatest length (2NDI-4T and 2NDI-5T).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Organic ambipolar semiconductors for TFT applications

In the last years we have devoted some effort to the search of new high-mobility semiconductors with ambipolar performances, good processability and environmental stability. Our approach, which is one of the most widely used, consists in the combination of donor and acceptor moieties in the conjugated skeleton, which allows fine tuning of the frontier molecular orbitals. For OTFT applications, low-lying HOMOs are essential to resist air oxidation and thus increase device stability. However, if the HOMO energy is too low, the resulting barrier to hole injection may compromise the transistor performance. Thus, a delicate balance between these two effects is needed. In particular, we have combined naphthaleneimide-derived moieties as electron accepting groups with electron-rich oligothiophene fragments. In these materials, we have found that the presence of ambipolar transport in these planar molecules can be understood on the basis of three interrelated properties: (i) the absence of skeletal distortions allows closer intermolecular pi-pi stacking and enhanced intramolecular pi-conjugation, (ii) increased pi-conjugation raises the HOMO energy, which approaches the Fermi level of common used electrodes; and (iii) more planar structures translate into lower Marcus reorganization energies. However, one of the limitations of these types of semiconductors is the presence of a molecular dipole moment, which forces the molecules to pack with pairwise intermolecular interactions orienting the naphthaleneimide cores in opposite directions, decreasing in some cases molecular orbitals overlapping. In recent contributions, we have devoted our efforts to analyze the effect of molecular interactions, through chemical modifications in order to induce parallel and antiparallel molecular packing, on the electronic properties of ambipolar semiconductors.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Understanding organic materials performance in field-effect transistors

Comunicación oralIn the last years, much of our effort has been devoted to the search and study of new high-mobility semiconductors for organic thin film transistors. The approach used for the materials design has been two-fold: (i) the combination of donor and acceptor moieties in the pi-conjugated skeleton, which allows fine tuning of the frontier molecular orbitals, being this necessary for achieving electron/hole or ambipolar transport and ambient stability; and (ii) rational selection of the type and positioning of specific solubilizing substituents ensuring processability, which is essential to make these materials scalable to industry. However, material processability should be attained minimizing a negative effect on charge transport. Therefore, proper energy levels, planar molecular conformations, close intermolecular pi-pi stacking and adequate thin film crystallinity need to be maintained upon alkyl substitution. In this communication, several examples of molecular and polymeric materials are shown. A rational design, guided by experimental and theoretical evidences, has prompted modifications on their conjugated skeletons, donor/acceptor subunits ratio and/or selection of proper alkyl solubilizing chains, which induce noticeable changes in their electronic performances. The main aim of these studies is the basic understanding of charge transport in organic materials. For this end, we will use Raman spectroscopy and DFT quantum-chemical calculations as important tools for materials characterization.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Presentación

Muchas son las publicaciones que desde el inicio de las disciplinas humanísticas se han dedicado al estudio de las catedrales españolas y gallegas en general, la mayoría de fundación medieval pero muy transformadas a lo largo del tiempo. Particularmente intensa ha sido la investigación en los últimos años a raíz de la constitución del Plan Nacional de Catedrales y del intenso trabajo desarrollado por investigadores de numerosas universidades y centros de investigación de toda España, entre los que destacan los grupos de investigación dirigidos por Germán Ramallo Asensio, organizador del último gran congreso nacional sobre el tema (“El Comportamiento de las Catedrales Españolas. Del Barroco a los Historicismos”, Murcia, 2003”) y colaborador invitado en el presente volumen monográfico