Giga-Hertz quantized charge pumping in bottom gate defined InAs nanowire quantum dots

Semiconducting nanowires (NWs) are a versatile, highly tunable material platform at the heart of many new developments in nanoscale and quantum physics. Here, we demonstrate charge pumping, i.e., the controlled transport of individual electrons through an InAs NW quantum dot (QD) device at frequencies up to $1.3\,$GHz. The QD is induced electrostatically in the NW by a series of local bottom gates in a state of the art device geometry. A periodic modulation of a single gate is enough to obtain a dc current proportional to the frequency of the modulation. The dc bias, the modulation amplitude and the gate voltages on the local gates can be used to control the number of charges conveyed per cycle. Charge pumping in InAs NWs is relevant not only in metrology as a current standard, but also opens up the opportunity to investigate a variety of exotic states of matter, e.g. Majorana modes, by single electron spectroscopy and correlation experiments.Comment: 21 page

Current issues of teaching general surgery.

Analysis of the results of teaching general surgery in a credit-modular system showed that there are issues that need to be solved at different levels. They concern educational and methodological and logistical support of education, the proper methodology of teaching practical skills, the distribution of modular control of mastering level of practical and theoretical knowledge as well as the increase of academic hours a on the discipline in the total and restructuring clinical practice

Current issues of teaching general surgery.

Analysis of the results of teaching general surgery in a credit-modular system showed that there are issues that need to be solved at different levels. They concern educational and methodological and logistical support of education, the proper methodology of teaching practical skills, the distribution of modular control of mastering level of practical and theoretical knowledge as well as the increase of academic hours a on the discipline in the total and restructuring clinical practice

THE KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC OF CHROMIUM COMPLEXES SORPTIONS’ WITH DIPHENYLCARBAZID AND CARMOAZINE USING ION-EXCHANGE RESINS CU-2-8 AND AV-17-8

There was organized estimation of the shaping sorption layer mechanism at extraction of coordination compounds (CC) chromium (III) diphenylcarmoazonate and chromium(III) carmoazonate (CAON-Cr(III)) by ion-exchanger resins CU-2-8 and AV-17-8 surface, by using dynamic and kinetic curves, that consider functions of the filling the granules ionexchange resins’ change at time, Biot number and sorption exchanging capacity value. The calculated thermodynamic parameters at CAON-Cr(III) extraction point to chemosorption sorption’s mechanism prevalence, that is accompanied by the reorientations CC effect for ion-exchangers resins’ surfaces

INFLUENCE OF INORGANIC IONS NATURAL AND SEWAGE ON REACTION OF INTERACTION AND SORPTION EXTRACTION OF CHROMIUM(VI) IN THE FORM OF ITS COMPLEXES WITH 1,5-DIPHENYLKARBAZID AND CARMOAZINE

Individual influence of inorganic ions natural and sewages on reactions of a complex formation of chromium(VI) with organic reagents 1,5-diphenilkarbazide and carmoazine, and also process sorption extractions of complexes chromium(III) diphenylcarbazonate and chromium(III) diphenylcarmoazonate on ion-exchangers resins is investigated. Limiting concentration of the inorganic ions which are not influencing process of a complex formation and extraction of chromium(VI) are established

Magnetic and structural properties of GaN thin layers implanted with Mn, Cr, or V ions

We report on magnetic and structural properties of n- and p-type GaN layers implanted with Mn, Cr, and V. The samples were subsequently annealed in a N-2 atmosphere at a constant temperature in the range between 700 and 1050degreesC. Measurements of the magnetization as a function of magnetic field as well as of the temperature show typical paramagnetic behavior. In addition, a weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the implanted ions was observed. 3d-metal rich precipitates of crystalline nature are revealed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics