21 research outputs found
The Influence of Perceived Parenting on Substance Initiation Among Mexican Children
Parents shape their children\u27s behaviors and impact their developmental trajectories. Despite this, few studies have examined the potential relationship between child reported parenting factors and lifetime substance use and use intentions. The current study examined the potential impact of parenting factors (i.e., positive parenting, supervision, parental illicit substance use, substance-specific communication) on early substance use and intentions among Latinx children. Data for the present study utilized a representative sample of Mexican children (n = 52,171; 5th and 6th grades) who participated in a national survey on substance use. Children reported their demographics, lifetime substance use/intentions, and perceived parenting characteristic and practices. Child reported parental (i.e., individual or both parents) illicit substance use was associated with the largest increases in risk for reporting lifetime use of all substances examined. Higher levels of positive parenting were consistently associated with reductions in risk for reporting intentions for and use of all substances examined. Parent-child substance specific communication was not significantly related to child reported lifetime use or use intentions, with the exception of a minor decrease in the odds of reporting lifetime inhalant use. Supervision was associated with small to modest increase in risk. Substance use prevention efforts targeting Latinx populations may benefit from promoting positive parenting and direct supervision during childhood. Targeted prevention efforts may be needed for Latinx children exposed to parental illicit substance use, as they may be especially at risk for early substance initiation
Depth of Response in Multiple Myeloma: A Pooled Analysis of Three PETHEMA/GEM Clinical Trials
Purpose
To perform a critical analysis on the impact of depth of response in newly diagnosed multiple
myeloma (MM).
Patients and Methods
Data were analyzed from 609 patients who were enrolled in the GEM (Grupo Español de Mieloma)
2000 and GEM2005MENOS65 studies for transplant-eligible MM and the GEM2010MAS65 clinical
trial for elderly patients with MM who had minimal residual disease (MRD) assessments 9 months
after study enrollment. Median follow-up of the series was 71 months.
Results
Achievement of complete remission (CR) in the absence of MRD negativity was not associated with
prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with near-CR or partial
response (median PFS, 27, 27, and 29 months, respectively; median OS, 59, 64, and 65 months,
respectively). MRD-negative status was strongly associated with prolonged PFS (median,
63 months; P , .001) and OS (median not reached; P , .001) overall and in subgroups defined by
prior transplantation, disease stage, and cytogenetics, with prognostic superiority of MRD negativity
versus CR particularly evident in patients with high-risk cytogenetics. Accordingly, Harrell C statistics
showed higher discrimination for both PFS and OS in Cox models that included MRD (as opposed to
CR) for response assessment. Superior MRD-negative rates after different induction regimens
anticipated prolonged PFS. Among 34 MRD-negative patients withMMand a phenotypic pattern of
bone marrow involvement similar to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance at
diagnosis, the probability of “operational cure” was high; median PFS was 12 years, and the 10-year
OS rate was 94%.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that MRD-negative status surpasses the prognostic value of CR
achievement for PFS and OS across the disease spectrum, regardless of the type of treatment or
patient risk group. MRD negativity should be considered as one of the most relevant end points for
transplant-eligible and elderly fit patients with MM
Prognostic value of antigen expression in multiple myeloma: a PETHEMA/GEM study on 1,265 patients enrolled in four consecutive clinical trials
Persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD) after treatment for myeloma predicts inferior outcomes, but within MRD-positive patients there is great heterogeneity with both early and very late relapses. Among different MRD techniques, flow cytometry provides additional information about antigen expression on tumor cells, which could potentially contribute to stratify MRD-positive patients. We investigated the prognostic value of those antigens required to monitor MRD in 1265 newly diagnosed patients enrolled in the GEM2000, GEM2005MENOS65, GEM2005MAS65 and GEM2010MAS65 protocols. Overall, CD19pos, CD27neg, CD38lo, CD45pos, CD81pos, CD117neg and CD138lo expression predicted inferior outcomes. Through principal component analysis, we found that simultaneous CD38lowCD81posCD117neg expression emerged as the most powerful combination with independent prognostic value for progression-free survival (HR:1.69; P=0.002). This unique phenotypic profile retained prognostic value among MRD-positive patients. We then used next-generation flow to determine antigen stability throughout the course of the disease, and found that the expression of antigens required to monitor MRD is mostly stable from diagnosis to MRD stages, except for CD81 whose expression progressively increased from baseline to chemoresistant tumor cells (14 vs 28%). Altogether, we showed that the phenotypic profile of tumor cells provides additional prognostic information, and could be used to further predict risk of relapse among MRD-positive patients
Early Adolescent Substance Use in a National Sample of Mexican Youths: Demographic Characteristics that Predict Use of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Others Drugs
The United States and Mexico have seen significant increases in the prevalence of substance use among Latinx adolescents in the last 20 years. Research is needed to address rising national rates of substances use to inform the development of policies and intervention programs targeting Latinx youth. Our primary aim was to identify demographic factors associated with substance initiation and use among elementary age Latinx youth. Data for the present study include 52,171 elementary students in 5th and 6th grades, who participated in the National Survey of Drug Use Among Students (ENCODE) in Mexico. Youths reported demographic information, rates of substance use for alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, inhalant, and other substances, or intention for first time substance use. Findings suggest that Latinx youth who were boys, of indigenous heritage, nonreligious, and overage for their grade were especially at risk for reporting lifetime alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, inhalant, and other substance use. Boys and youth with indigenous heritage were more likely to report intentions to try alcohol, tobacco, and other substances for the first time. High subjective economic status was associated with lower risk for reporting lifetime tobacco use and substance use intentions in general. Efforts are needed to disseminate accessible substance use prevention programs during early adolescence to encourage positive developmental trajectories among Latinx youths at an elevated risk for substance initiation and use. Clinical and research implications are discussed
Radiosterilized Pig Skin, Silver Nanoparticles and Skin Cells as an Integral Dressing Treatment for Burns: Development, Pre-Clinical and Clinical Pilot Study
Radiosterilized pig skin (RPS) has been used as a dressing for burns since the 1980s. Its similarity to human skin in terms of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows the attachment of mesenchymal stem cells, making it ideal as a scaffold to create cellularized constructs. The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been proven to be an appropriate alternative to the use of antibiotics and a potential solution against multidrug-resistant bacteria. RPS can be impregnated with AgNPs to develop nanomaterials capable of preventing wound infections. The main goal of this study was to assess the use of RPS as a scaffold for autologous fibroblasts (Fb), keratinocytes (Kc), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the treatment of second-degree burns (SDB). Additionally, independent RPS samples were impregnated with AgNPs to enhance their properties and further develop an antibacterial dressing that was initially tested using a burn mouse model. This protocol was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the INRLGII (INR 20/19 AC). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of the synthesized AgNPs showed an average size of 10 nm and rounded morphology. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and Kirby–Bauer assays indicated that AgNPs (in solution at a concentration of 125 ppm) exhibit antimicrobial activity against the planktonic form of S. aureus isolated from burned patients; moreover, a log reduction of 1.74 ± 0.24 was achieved against biofilm formation. The nanomaterial developed with RPS impregnated with AgNPs solution at 125 ppm (RPS-AgNPs125) facilitated wound healing in a burn mouse model and enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, as analyzed by Masson’s staining in histological samples. No silver was detected by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in the skin, and neither by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in different organs of the mouse burn model. Calcein/ethidium homodimer (EthD-1), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated that Fb, Kc, and MSC could attach to RPS with over 95% cell viability. Kc were capable of releasing FGF at 0.5 pg above control levels, as analyzed by ELISA assays. An autologous RPS-Fb-Kc construct was implanted in a patient with SDB and compared to an autologous skin graft. The patient recovery was assessed seven days post-implantation, and the patient was followed up at one, two, and three months after the implantation, exhibiting favorable recovery compared to the gold standard, as measured by the cutometer. In conclusion, RPS effectively can be used as a scaffold for the culture of Fb, Kc, and MSC, facilitating the development of a cellularized construct that enhances wound healing in burn patients
Student nurses at spanish universities and their attitude toward xenostransplantation
[eng] Introduction Recent immunological and transgenic advances are a promising alternative using limited materials of human origin for transplantation. However, it is essential to achieve social acceptance of this therapy. Objective To analyze the attitude of nursing students from Spanish universities toward organ xenotransplantation (XTx) and to determine the factors affecting their attitude. Materials and methods Type of study: A sociological, multicentre, and observational study. Study population: Nursing students enrolled in Spain (n = 28,000). Sample size: A sample of 10 566 students estimating a proportion of 76% (99% confidence and precision of ±1%), stratified by geographical area and year of study. Instrument of measurement: A validated questionnaire (PCID‐XenoTx‐RIOS) was handed out to every student in a compulsory session. This survey was self‐administered and self‐completed voluntarily and anonymously by each student in a period of 5‐10 min. Statistical analysis: descriptive analysis, Student's t test, the chi‐square test, and a logistic regression analysis. Results A completion rate: 84% (n = 8913) was obtained. If the results of XTx were as good as in human donation, 74% (n = 6564) would be in favor and 22% (n = 1946) would have doubts. The following variables affected this attitude: age (P < 0.001); sex (P < 0.001); geographical location (P < 0.001); academic year of study (P < 0.001); attitude toward organ donation (P < 0.001); belief in the possibility of needing a transplant (P < 0.001); discussion of transplantation with one's family (P < 0.001) and friends (P < 0.001); and the opinion of one's partner (P < 0.001). The following variables persisted in the multivariate analysis: being a male (OR = 1.436; P < 0.001); geographical location (OR = 1.937; P < 0.001); an attitude in favor of donation (OR = 1.519; P < 0.001); belief in the possibility of needing a transplant (OR = 1.497; P = 0.036); and having spoken about the issue with family (OR = 1.351; P < 0.001) or friends (OR = 1.240; P = 0.001). Conclusions The attitude of nursing students toward organ XTx is favorable and is associated with factors of general knowledge about organ donation and transplantation and social interaction
High-risk cytogenetics and persistent minimal residual disease by multiparameter flow cytometry predict unsustained complete response after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Depth of Response in Multiple Myeloma: A Pooled Analysis of Three PETHEMA/GEM Clinical Trials
Purpose
To perform a critical analysis on the impact of depth of response in newly diagnosed multiple
myeloma (MM).
Patients and Methods
Data were analyzed from 609 patients who were enrolled in the GEM (Grupo Español de Mieloma)
2000 and GEM2005MENOS65 studies for transplant-eligible MM and the GEM2010MAS65 clinical
trial for elderly patients with MM who had minimal residual disease (MRD) assessments 9 months
after study enrollment. Median follow-up of the series was 71 months.
Results
Achievement of complete remission (CR) in the absence of MRD negativity was not associated with
prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with near-CR or partial
response (median PFS, 27, 27, and 29 months, respectively; median OS, 59, 64, and 65 months,
respectively). MRD-negative status was strongly associated with prolonged PFS (median,
63 months; P , .001) and OS (median not reached; P , .001) overall and in subgroups defined by
prior transplantation, disease stage, and cytogenetics, with prognostic superiority of MRD negativity
versus CR particularly evident in patients with high-risk cytogenetics. Accordingly, Harrell C statistics
showed higher discrimination for both PFS and OS in Cox models that included MRD (as opposed to
CR) for response assessment. Superior MRD-negative rates after different induction regimens
anticipated prolonged PFS. Among 34 MRD-negative patients withMMand a phenotypic pattern of
bone marrow involvement similar to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance at
diagnosis, the probability of “operational cure” was high; median PFS was 12 years, and the 10-year
OS rate was 94%.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that MRD-negative status surpasses the prognostic value of CR
achievement for PFS and OS across the disease spectrum, regardless of the type of treatment or
patient risk group. MRD negativity should be considered as one of the most relevant end points for
transplant-eligible and elderly fit patients with MM
Lineamientos para el Proyecto Profesional - AR247 - 202101
Descripción:
El curso de Lineamientos para el Proyecto Profesional es el segundo de la línea de cursos que ayudan a preparar
el proyecto de Tesis. Es la segunda etapa del proceso de titulación que se inicia en el curso de Investigación
Arquitectónica, continua con el Taller de Tesis y finalmente con la elaboración del proyecto de grado. Es un
entrenamiento riguroso para lo que le espera más tarde al estudiante en su vida profesional cuando tenga que
justificar sólidamente la pertinencia de sus propuestas.
A través de la recopilación y análisis de información, se elabora el programa arquitectónico, se selecciona el
terreno y se elabora un expediente urbano y/o paisajístico, aspectos todos que condicionarán los criterios a
1tenerse en cuenta en el proyecto arquitectónico de la tesis. El estudiante será capaz de manejar las herramientas
básicas en el campo de la investigación, recopilación y manejo de fuentes, su análisis, y valoración.
Propósito:
El curso de Lineamientos para el Proyecto Profesional ha sido diseñado con el propósito de permitir que el
futuro arquitecto maneje diferentes instrumentos y herramientas metodológicas y técnicas que le permitan
definir a los usuarios, estructurar el programa arquitectónico, sustentar la elección del terreno, organizar un
expediente urbano y definir los criterios básicos de diseño, mediante la elaboración de un documento escrito y
gráfico.
El curso busca desarrollar las competencias generales de Comunicación Escrita, Comunicación Oral,
Pensamiento Crítico, Razonamiento Cuantitativo y Manejo de la Información. Asimismo, en cuanto a las
competencias específicas puntualiza en el de Diseño Fundamentado (que corresponde a los criterios NAAB
:PC2 (PC3, SC3 PC8), PC5, SC5). Todas estas competencias se encuentran en un nivel 3 considerado como
avanzado, la asignatura tiene como requisito los cursos de Taller VIII e Investigación Arquitectónica
X chromosome inactivation does not necessarily determine the severity of the phenotype in Rett syndrome patients
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurological disorder usually caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene. Since the MECP2 gene is located on the X chromosome, X chromosome inactivation (XCI) could play a role in the wide range of phenotypic variation of RTT patients; however, classical methylation-based protocols to evaluate XCI could not determine whether the preferentially inactivated X chromosome carried the mutant or the wild-type allele. Therefore, we developed an allele-specific methylation-based assay to evaluate methylation at the loci of several recurrent MECP2 mutations. We analyzed the XCI patterns in the blood of 174 RTT patients, but we did not find a clear correlation between XCI and the clinical presentation. We also compared XCI in blood and brain cortex samples of two patients and found differences between XCI patterns in these tissues. However, RTT mainly being a neurological disease complicates the establishment of a correlation between the XCI in blood and the clinical presentation of the patients. Furthermore, we analyzed MECP2 transcript levels and found differences from the expected levels according to XCI. Many factors other than XCI could affect the RTT phenotype, which in combination could influence the clinical presentation of RTT patients to a greater extent than slight variations in the XCI pattern