Hipogonadismo de inicio tardío: revisión de conceptos y pautas diagnósticas

ResumenEl hipogonadismo de inicio tardío es un síndrome clínico y bioquímico cada vez más frecuente entre la población masculina en la edad adulta, sin embargo pocas veces es diagnosticado y por lo tanto cursa sin tratamiento entre la mayoría de los varones afectados. La asociación entre deficiencia de testosterona relacionada con la edad y el diagnóstico de hipogonadismo de inicio tardío continúa siendo un tema controversial, y su asociación con síntomas como pérdida de volumen y fuerza muscular, pérdida de la libido y la función eréctil, así como cambios en el estado afectivo e intelectual del paciente resulta insidiosa ya que en ocasiones las sintomatología es atribuida al proceso «normal» de envejecimiento, o a otras comorbilidades del paciente. El diagnóstico de hipogonadismo de inicio tardío se basa en la coexistencia de bajos niveles séricos de testosterona total o libre y síntomas sugestivos de hipogonadismo. Si bien se han desarrollado cuestionarios de cribado dirigidos a pacientes con sospecha clínica, estos cuestionarios poseen sensibilidad y especificidad limitadas para el diagnóstico de hipogonadismo de inicio tardío. El diagnóstico preciso y oportuno es de crucial importancia ya que permite restablecer los niveles de testosterona y la mejoría clínica significativa mediante la terapia de remplazo hormonal.AbstractLate-onset hypogonadism is a clinical and biochemical syndrome that is increasingly more frequent in the adult male population. However, it is rarely diagnosed and therefore goes untreated in the majority of affected men. The association between age-related testosterone deficiency and late-onset hypogonadism continues to be a subject of debate and its relation to symptoms such as loss of muscle strength and volume, loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, and changes in affective and emotional statuses of the patient are insidious, given that the symptomatology is often attributed to the “normal” aging process or other comorbidities of the patient. The diagnosis of late-onset hypogonadism is based on the coexistence of low total or free testosterone serum levels and symptoms suggestive of hypogonadism. Even though screening questionnaires directed at patients with clinical suspicion of the disease have been developed for late-onset hypogonadism, their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity is limited. Accurate and opportune diagnosis is vitally important because it enables testosterone levels to be reestablished and significant clinical improvement to be made through androgen replacement therapy

La integración económica entre Venezuela y Colombia: evolución, balance y perspectivas

Se presentan los resultados del proyecto de investigación financiado por el Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (FONACIT), Nº 2012-000-214, cuyo título fue: La integración económica entre Venezuela y Colombia: evolución, balance y perspectivas

La integración económica entre Venezuela y Colombia: evolución, balance y perspectivas

Se presentan los resultados del proyecto de investigación financiado por el Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (FONACIT), Nº 2012-000-214, cuyo título fue: La integración económica entre Venezuela y Colombia: evolución, balance y perspectivas

Goats as Valuable Animal Model to Test the Targeted Glutamate Supplementation upon Antral Follicle Number, Ovulation Rate, and LH-Pulsatility

The potential effect of intravenous administration of glutamate on the ovarian activity and the LH secretion pattern, considering the anestrous yearling goat as an animal model, were assessed. In late April, yearling goats (n = 20) were randomly assigned to either (1) Glutamate supplemented (GLUT; n = 10, Live Weight (LW) = 29.6 ± 1.02 kg, Body Condition (BCS) = 3.4 ± 0.2 units; i.v. supplemented with 7 mg GLUT kg−1 LW) or (2) Non-supplemented (CONT; n = 10; LW = 29.2 ± 1.07 kg, BCS = 3.5 ± 0.2 units; i.v. saline). The oats were estrus-synchronized; blood sampling (6 h × 15 min) was carried out for LH quantification. Response variables included pulsatility (PULSE), time to first pulse (TTFP), amplitude (AMPL), nadir (NAD), and area under the curve (AUC) of LH. Ovaries were ultra-sonographically scanned to assess ovulation rate (OR), number of antral follicles (AF), and total ovarian activity (TOA = OR + AF). LH-PULSE was quantified with the Munro algorithm; significant treatment x time interactions were evaluated across time. The variables LW and BCS did not differ (p > 0.05) between the experimental groups. Nevertheless, OR (1.77 vs. 0.87 ± 0.20 units), TOA (4.11 vs. 1.87 ± 0.47 units) and LH-PULSE (5.0 vs. 2.2 pulses 6 h-1) favored (p < 0.05) to the GLUT group. Our results reveal that targeted glutamate supplementation, the main central nervous system neurotransmitter, arose as an interesting strategy to enhance the hypothalamic–hypophyseal–ovarian response considering the anestrous-yearling goat as an animal model, with thought-provoking while promising translational applications

Biology and use of the Pacific fat sleeper Dormitator latifrons (Richardson, 1844): state of the art review

The present work is a review of the literature on the native Mexican fish Dormitator latifrons. The aim is to contribute to the integration and systematization of current knowledge to make it easier to identify existing knowledge gaps and breakthroghs Moreover, promote the successful cultivation and protection of this species whose consumption is increasing in Latin America. A review of the articles related to D. latifrons published in international and regional databases was carried out. The articles reviewed focus on taxonomy and systematics, phylogenetic, geographic distribution, ecology, physiology, reproduction, development, pathology, health, and the technologies used to cultivate this fish species. The conclusion is that, even though the cultivation of D. latifrons is of commercial interest in some countries, there are still significant gaps in our knowledge of biology and, consequently, the domestication potential of the species. Filling these gaps will require systematic research efforts on protecting natural populations and improving mass cultivation techniques.Fil: Vega Villasante, Fernando. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Ruiz González, Luis E.. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Chong Carrillo, Olimpia. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Basto Rosales, Mao E. R.. Tecnológico Nacional de Bahía de Banderas; MéxicoFil: Palma Cancino, David J.. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Tintos Gómez, Adrián. Universidad Tecnológica de Manzanillo; MéxicoFil: Montoya Martínez, Cynthia E.. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Kelly Gutiérrez, Liza D.. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Guerrero Galván, Saúl R.. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Ponce Palafox, Jesús T.. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit; MéxicoFil: Zapata, Ana. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Musin, Gabriela Eliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Badillo Zapata, Daniel. Universidad de Guadalajara; Méxic