The identity reference of the Mexican basic education curriculum: Causes and consequences of curricular injustice

El artículo aborda la compleja trama de interrelaciones históricas y de política educativa, que conforman el referente identitario del curriculum de la educación básica mexicana, considerada aquí, como principal causa de lo que la lógica neoliberal llama grandes problemas de la educación: rezago, deserción, entre otros, los cuales se asume en este escrito, son síntomas de la injusticia curricular. El desarrollo de esta tesis señala la necesidad de revisar la categoría de lo ‘nacional’ como significante vacío y su vigencia como referente identitario, las tensiones que lo cruzan actualmente y el debilitamiento del discurso nacionalista en el México de hoy. Para lograr lo anterior, se usan algunas herramientas teóricas del análisis político del discurso, en tanto analítica que acude a la comprensión crítica -que no lineal o positiva- sobre el curriculum de la educación básica Mexicana.Palabras clave: discurso, identidad nacional, injusticia curricular.The article addresses the complex plots of historical interrelations and educational policy, which make up the identity reference of the curriculum of Mexican basic education, considered here as the main cause of what neoliberal logic calls great problems of education: lag and desertion, among others, which are assumed in this writing as symptoms of curricular injustice. The development of this thesis points to the need for revising the category of the ‘national’ as an empty signifier and its validity as an identity reference, the tensions that currently cross it and the weakening of the nationalist discourse in today’s Mexico. In order to achieve this, some theoretical tools of the political analysis of the discourse are used as an analytical one that goes to the critical understanding – that nonlinear or positive – about the curriculum of the basic Mexican education.Keywords: discourse, national identity, curricular injustice

The identity reference of the Mexican basic education curriculum: Causes and consequences of curricular injustice

El artículo aborda la compleja trama de interrelaciones históricas y de política educativa, que conforman el referente identitario del curriculum de la educación básica mexicana, considerada aquí, como principal causa de lo que la lógica neoliberal llama grandes problemas de la educación: rezago, deserción, entre otros, los cuales se asume en este escrito, son síntomas de la injusticia curricular. El desarrollo de esta tesis señala la necesidad de revisar la categoría de lo ‘nacional’ como significante vacío y su vigencia como referente identitario, las tensiones que lo cruzan actualmente y el debilitamiento del discurso nacionalista en el México de hoy. Para lograr lo anterior, se usan algunas herramientas teóricas del análisis político del discurso, en tanto analítica que acude a la comprensión crítica -que no lineal o positiva- sobre el curriculum de la educación básica Mexicana.Palabras clave: discurso, identidad nacional, injusticia curricular.The article addresses the complex plots of historical interrelations and educational policy, which make up the identity reference of the curriculum of Mexican basic education, considered here as the main cause of what neoliberal logic calls great problems of education: lag and desertion, among others, which are assumed in this writing as symptoms of curricular injustice. The development of this thesis points to the need for revising the category of the ‘national’ as an empty signifier and its validity as an identity reference, the tensions that currently cross it and the weakening of the nationalist discourse in today’s Mexico. In order to achieve this, some theoretical tools of the political analysis of the discourse are used as an analytical one that goes to the critical understanding – that nonlinear or positive – about the curriculum of the basic Mexican education.Keywords: discourse, national identity, curricular injustice

Towards a framework to combine multiobjective optimization and econometrics and an application in economics of education

Acknowledgements. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project PID2020-115429GB-I00), by the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University (PAI group SEJ-532 and project UMA18-FEDERJA-024, also supported by FEDER funding), and by the University of Malaga (project B1-2020 18). Sandra Gonzalez-Gallardo is recipient of a research contract within “Ayudas para la Recualificación del Sistema Universitario Español, Modalidad Margarita Salas”, financiado por la Unión Europea – NextGenerationEU.In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework that combines econometric and multiobjective programming methodologies to help researchers to identify and achieve optimal solutions to socio-economic and management problems. Sometimes, it is important to analyse which combination of values of the explanatory variables -in an econometric model- would imply the simultaneous achievement of the best values of the response variables. In such situations, if certain degree of conflict is observed among the response variables, we propose to formulate a multiobjective optimization problem based on the conclusions obtained from a regression analysis. Subsequently, the application of multiobjective optimization techniques allows gaining a better insight about the conflicting relation between the response variables, and how a balanced “optimal” situation among them could be achieved. This piece of information can be hardly extracted just by econometric techniques. An application in the field of economics of education, related to the analysis of the students’ well-being as a way to improve their academic performance, demonstrates the potential of our proposal.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project PID2020-115429GB-I00)Andalusian Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University (PAI group SEJ-532 and project UMA18-FEDERJA-024, also supported by FEDER funding)University of Malaga (project B1-2020 18)“Ayudas para la Recualificación del Sistema Universitario Español, Modalidad Margarita Salas”, financiado por la Unión Europea – NextGenerationE

Reporte de caso clínico de leiomiomatosis peritoneal diseminada

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata is a rare entity characterized by multiple benign smooth muscle nodules on the peritoneal surface. This article describes the case of a 58-year-old hypertensive, post menopausal woman who consulted for abdominal pain. She had no prior history of using hormone therapy or had any previous surgical history. When performing complementary studies a large pelvic mass of probable adnexal etiology was detected. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and a large tumor of approximately 30cm was documented. It covered the entire abdominal cavity and was unresectable. During histopathological study two different entities were described: leiomiomatosis peritonealis disseminata and leiomyosarcoma.  La leiomiomatosis peritoneal diseminada es una entidad rara, la cual se caracteriza por nódulos benignos de tejido muscular liso diseminados a nivel del peritoneo. En este artículo se describe el caso de una mujer de 58 años hipertensa, post menopaúsica sin antecedente de uso de terapia hormonal y sin antecedentes quirúrgicos la cual consulta por dolor abdominal. Al realizar estudios complementarios se detecta una gran masa pélvica de probable etiología anexial. Se realiza laparotomía exploratoria en la cual se documenta gran masa tumoral de aproximadamente 30 cm que abarca toda la cavidad abdominal, la cual es irresecable. Durante el estudio histopatológico se describen dos entidades diferentes: leiomiomatosis peritoneal diseminada y además leiomiosarcoma. &nbsp

The role of carbon nanotubes on the stability of tetragonal zirconia polycrystals

The effect of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) at zirconia grain boundaries on the stability of a tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline matrix has been explored in as–sintered composites and after low–temperature hydrothermal degradation (LTD) experiments. For this purpose, highly–dense 3 mol% Y2O3–doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (3YTZP) ceramics and SWNT/3YTZP composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Quantitative X–ray diffraction analysis and microstructural observations point out that an increasing amount of well–dispersed SWNT bundles surrounding zirconia grains decreases the metastable tetragonal phase retention in the ceramic matrix after sintering. In contrast, the tetragonal ceramic grains in composites with SWNTs are less sensitive to the presence of water, i.e. to undergo a martensitic transformation under LTD conditions, than monolithic 3YTZP ceramics. The SWNT incorporation diminishes micro–cracking due to tetragonal to monoclinic ZrO2 phase transformation in the composites.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España y Fondos Europeos FEDER - MAT2015–67889–PJunta de Andalucía - P12–FQM–107

Vestibular rehabilitation in patients with vertigo and personality disorder

[ES]Introducción y objetivo: La presencia de trastornos de la personalidad en pacientes con vértigo ha sido referenciada en diferentes trabajos. Las conexiones del sistema vestibular y el procesamiento de emociones es la causa que apoya dicha asociación. La rehabilitación vestibular se perfila como el tratamiento para el vértigo crónico no compensado, pero suscita la duda de si será suficiente por si sola en pacientes con trastornos de la personalidad o si debe acompañarse de otras terapias dirigidas a estas alteraciones. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la posible influencia de los trastornos de personalidad en la autopercepción de la discapacidad mediante el Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) y en los parámetros de la posturografía estática, antes y después de la rehabilitación vestibular. Método: Estudio prospectivo de 55 pacientes diagnosticados de vértigo crónico periférico o central a los que se trató con ocho sesiones de rehabilitación vestibular. Los pacientes cumplimentaron el DHI y el cuestionario Salamanca al inicio y al final del tratamiento. Resultados: El 65% de los pacientes tenían trastornos de la personalidad. Los rasgos de ansiedad se asociaron a vértigo periférico y los rasgos esquizoides a vértigo central. En todos los pacientes, la puntuación del DHI mejoró (p< 0,01), al igual que algunos parámetros del control del limite de estabilidad (p<0.01). Por otro lado, no se encontró relación entre las variables independientes edad, sexo, diagnóstico clínico y trastorno de la personalidad con los resultados. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio, los resultados muestran la eficacia de la rehabilitación vestibular en pacientes con vértigo crónico, independientemente de su asociación con trastornos de personalidad.[EN]Introduction and objective: The presence of personality disorders in patients with vertigo has been reported in several articles. The connections between the vestibular system and emotion processing are the cause that supports said association. Vestibular rehabilitation is emerging as the treatment for chronic uncompensated vertigo, but it raises the question of whether it will be sufficient by itself in patients with personality disorders or whether it should be accompanied by other therapies aimed at these alterations. The aim of the study is to analyze the possible influence of personality disorders in the self-perception of disability using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and the parameters of static posturography, before and after vestibular rehabilitation. Method: Prospective study of 55 patients diagnosed with chronic vertigo treated with eight sessions of vestibular rehabilitation. The patients completed the DHI and the Salamanca questionnaire before and after the treatment was administered. Results: 65% of the patients had personality disorders. Anxiety traits were associated with peripheral vertigo and schizoid traits with central vertigo. In every patient, the DHI score improved (p<0,01), as well as some parameters of the control of the limit of stability (p<0,01). On the other hand, no relationship was found between the independent variables of age, sex, clinical diagnostic, personality disorder, and the results. Conclusions: In our study, the results show the efficacy of vestibular rehabilitation in patients with chronic vertigo, regardless of its association with personality disorders

Initial validation of the Spanish Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-short form: Factor structure, reliability and association with parenting

The present study examines the internal consistency and factor structure of the Spanish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and the association between the CTQ-SF subscales and parenting style. Cronbach's α and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed in a female clinical sample (n = 185). Kendall's ι correlations were calculated between the maltreatment and parenting scales in a subsample of 109 patients. The Spanish CTQ-SF showed adequate psychometric properties and a good fit of the 5-factor structure. The neglect and abuse scales were negatively associated with parental care and positively associated with overprotection scales. The results of this study provide initial support for the reliability and validity of the Spanish CTQ-SF

Effect of high SWNT content on the room temperature mechanical properties of fully dense 3YTZP/SWNT composites

This paper is devoted to correlate the microstructure and room temperature mechanical properties of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) reinforced 3. mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia with high SWNT content (2.5, 5 and 10. vol%). Fully dense composites were prepared by using a combination of aqueous colloidal powder processing and Spark Plasma Sintering. SWNTs were located at the ceramic grain boundaries and they were not damaged during the sintering process. The weak interfacial bonding between SWNTs and ceramic grains together with the detachment of SWNTs within thick bundles have been pointed out as responsible for the decrease of hardness and fracture toughness of the composites in comparison with the monolithic 3YTZP ceramic.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) MAT2012-34217Junta de Andalucía P12-FQM-107

Pott´s puffy tumor treatment guidelines. Lliterature review

Introducción y objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es proporcionar una revisión actualizada del tratamiento médico y quirúrgico en pacientes con abscesos subperiósticos secundarios a la osteomielitis del hueso frontal. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed, BVS (biblioteca virtual en salud España) y Scopus de las distintas opciones terapéuticas del tumor de Pott. La revisión se realizó siguiendo los criterios PRISMA. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 20 artículos en la búsqueda bibliográfica. Un total de 30 pacientes (24 varones, con media de edad de 27 años) fueron revisados. En un 90% la causa fue una rinosinusitis crónica, seguida por traumatismos locales. En la mayoría de los casos se realizó un drenaje endoscópico tipo Draf 2 (60%), 5 pacientes fueron sometidos a un Draf 3, tres a un Draf 1 y sólo uno a un Draf 2B. Un paciente fue tratado con sinuplastia con balón y otro con craneotomía externa aislada. Todos los pacientes tenían antibióticos orales o intravenosos de duración variable; aunque predomina el esquema terapéutico de vancomicina y ceftriaxona endovenosa durante 6 semanas. No hubo más complicaciones después de la intervención endoscópica sinusal. La presencia de fístulas, cicatrizaron sin necesidad de desbridamiento quirúrgico o cierre. Discusión: el tumor inflamatorio de Pott es una patología muy infrecuente. Debido a la rareza de la patología, muchos casos han sido infradiagnosticados desembocando en complicaciones intracraneales. El abordaje externo ha sido el tratamiento de elección durante años; actualmente se aboga por un abordaje endonasal guiada en ocasiones por neuronavegador sumado a la antibioticoterapia correspondiente durante un largo periodo de tiempo. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los casos de tumor inflamatorio de Pott pueden manejarse endoscópicamente. La disponibilidad de instrumentos en ángulo motorizados, videos de alta definición y sistemas de guía de imágenes han proporcionado a los otorrinolaringólogos una alternativa creíble a las técnicas tradicionales. Además, la biodisponibilidad mejorada de los antibióticos puede obviar la necesidad de una craneotomía y drenajes externos.Introduction and objective: The aim of this study was to provide an updated review of medical and surgical treatment in patients with subperiosteal abscesses, secondary to osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. Method: The search was made in PubMed, BVS (virtual health library Spain) and Scopus of the different therapeutic options about Pott’s puffy tumor. The review was carried out following the PRISMA criteria. Results: Twenty articles were selected in the bibliographic review. 30 patients (24 males, with a mean age of 27 years) were reviewed.The main cause was chronic rhinosinusitis (90%), followed by local trauma. In most cases Draf 2 endoscopic drainage was performed (60%), 5 patients had Draf 3 procedure , three Draf 1 procedure and only one, Draf 2B procedure. One patient was treated by balloon sinuplasty and another by isolated external craniotomy. All patients had either oral or intravenous antibiotics of varying duration. although the therapeutic scheme of vancomycin + ceftriaxoneIV predominates for 6 weeks. There were no further complications following endoscopic surgery. Fistulas healed without requiring surgical debridement or closure. Discussion: Pott’s puffy tumor is a very rare pathology. Due to the rarity of the pathology, many cases have been underdiagnosed leading to intracranial complications. The external approach has been the treatment for years; it is currently advocated an endonasal approach sometimes guided by neuronavigator; in addition to the corresponding antibiotic therapy for long time. Conclusions: Some Pott´s puffy tumor cases can be managed endoscopically. The availability of powered angled instruments, high-definition video, and image guidance systems have provided the otolaryngologists with a credible alternative to traditional techniques. Furthermore, improved bioavailability of antibiotics may obviate the need for craniotomy and external drains

Pott’s Puffy tumor. Case report

Introducción y objetivo: El tumor inflamatorio de Pott se describe como una inflamación en la región frontal debido la formación de un absceso subperióstico y osteomielitis del hueso frontal; debido en la mayoría de las ocasiones, a una sinusitis frontal. Es más frecuente observarlo en adolescentes. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es presentar un diagnóstico un tanto olvidado y poco frecuente; así como su descripción como entidad en la discusión de los artículos más relevantes de la literatura. Descripción: Presentamos el caso de un varón de 61 años con cefalea punzante a nivel supraciliar derecha, sin insuficiencia respiratoria nasal y con fibroscopia prácticamente anodina. En la inspección se observa una inflamación, dolorosa a la palpación, del tejido blando con una pequeña fistulización hacia la piel y salida de material purulento. En el TC de senos paranasales se observa una sinusitis crónica frontal derecha. Dicho seno presenta una solución de continuidad en su pared anterior que comunica las partes blandas. Se realiza Draf III del seno frontal derecho guiado con neuronavegador con abordaje combinado externo y vancomicina IV intrahospitalaria. Actualmente el paciente se encuentra asintomático sin clínica infecciosa. Discusión: el tumor inflamatorio de Pott es una complicación rara, pero potencialmente mortal de la sinusitis bacteriana, que consiste en un absceso subperióstico y osteomielitis del hueso frontal. Se diagnostica con tomografía computarizada con contraste o resonancia magnética y se trata con antibióticos de amplio espectro, así como intervención quirúrgica de forma precoz. Es necesario conocer la fisiopatología y manejo del cuadro; evitando así las posibles complicaciones intracraneales. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico precoz de esta entidad y el tratamiento antibiótico y endoscópico son esenciales para evitar el riesgo de progresión hacia complicaciones neurológicas graves subsidiarias de tratamientos quirúrgicos más agresivos.Introduction and objective: Pott’s puffy tumor is described as inflammation in the frontal region due to the formation of a subperiotic abscess and osteomyelitis of the frontal bone, due in most cases, to frontal sinusitis. It is common to see in adolescents. The goal of our study is to present a forgotten and uncommon diagnosis, as well as its description as an entity in the discussion of the most relevant articles of literature. Description: A 61-year-old male that had puncture headache at the right supraciliary level, without nasal respiratory failure and with anodyne fibroscopy. In the inspection there is an painful inflammation of the soft tissue with a small fistulization to the skin with purulent material.Frontal chronic sinusitis is observed in the CT. A continuity solution on its anterior wall that communicates the soft parts. Draf III of the right frontal sinus guided with neuronavigator, external combined approach and intrahospital vancomycin IV were used as treatment. Currently the patient is asymptomatic without infectious clinic. Discussion: Pott’s puffy tumor is a rare but potentially deadly complication of bacterial sinusitis that consists of subperiosteal abscess and osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. It is best diagnosed with computerized tomography with intravenous contrast or magnetic resonance imaging and treated with early broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical intervention. It is necessary to know its pathophysiology and management, avoiding intracranial complications. Conclusions: early diagnosis of this entity, antibiotic and endoscopic treatment are essential to avoid the risk of progression towards serious neurological complications subsidiary to more aggressive surgical treatments