¿De qué manera un programa de formación docente desarrolla los procesos de reflexión y metacognición que puedan incidir en la práctica del docente?

La formación de docentes es una estrategia que muchas instituciones educativas consideran una pieza clave en el logro de sus objetivos, o bien, para incidir directamente en el aseguramiento de la calidad académica. Sin embargo, el impacto que los programas de formación de docentes tienen precisamente en la práctica del profesor, en algunos casos no refiere enriquecimiento ni recreación de sus experiencias. Es por esto que este trabajo se interesa en los procesos reflexivos y metacognoscitivos que se desarrollan en los profesores en servicio y que simultáneamente cursan un programa de formación de docentes. La formación docente es una actividad a la que se invierte recursos económicos y humanos pero no ha rendido los frutos que debe rendir en términos de cambios en las prácticas de los docentes. La adopción de un método reflexivo como parte de la formación docente, le da la posibilidad al profesor de tomar conciencia de sus procesos y de ver su práctica desde un enfoque crítico y transformador y es, probablemente, la llave para la resignificación de la docencia. El presente trabajo busca responder la pregunta: ¿De qué manera un programa de formación docente desarrolla los procesos de reflexión y metacognición que puedan incidir en la práctica del docente

The Cacao Market System in Honduras: Opportunities for Supporting Renovation and Rehabilitation

The Maximizing Opportunities in Coffee and Cacao in the Americas (MOCCA) project is a five-year initiative funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and implemented by a consortium led by TechnoServe, in collaboration with Lutheran World Relief, the Initiative for Smallholder Finance, and World Coffee Research. This regional initiative will apply a market systems approach to improve the livelihoods of 120,000 farmers in the coffee and cocoa sectors in Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Peru (henceforth MOCCA countries) through increased productivity and trade. Given the complexity of MOCCA’s design, the impact evaluation will evaluate outcomes at two levels - 1) at the market system level to assess changes in the behavior of key market system actors and 2) at the farmer level to assess changes in the benefits provided to farmers within the market system. This report is an extract from the results of the first part of the baseline evaluation, at the market systems level, which will be used by the MOCCA team to inform the Program's strategy. This assessment used qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews and focus groups with actors from different positions within the sector in order to build a robust image of how each system is currently functioning at the national level. The focus was on identifying current actors and understanding their current behavior within the system vis-a-vis other actors, and vis-a-vis farmers. Following MOCCA’s Theory of Change, we focused on behaviors related to provision of services to farmers including technical assistance, genetic material, finance and research, with particular emphasis on these services as they relate to rehabilitation and renovation (R&R). Three hundred different actors were engaged as informants across the eleven sectors studied (5 countries for coffee, 6 countries for cacao). Data was collected during April to June 2019. This document describes the CACAO market system in HONDURAS at the time of research

El Sistema de Mercado de Cacao en El Salvador: Oportunidades para apoyar la renovación y la rehabilitación

El proyecto Maximizando las Oportunidades en Café y Cacao en las Américas (MOCCA) es una iniciativa del Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos (USDA) e implementado por el consorcio liderado por TechnoServe, en colaboración con Lutheran World Relief, Initiative for Smallholder Finance, y World Coffee Research. Esta iniciativa regional aplicará un enfoque de sistemas de mercado para mejorar los medios de vida de 120,000 agricultores en los sectores de café y cacao en Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua y Perú (en adelante, referidos como países MOCCA) a través de una mayor productividad y comercio. Dada la complejidad del diseño del proyecto MOCCA, la evaluación de impacto evaluará los resultados a dos niveles: 1) a nivel del sistema de mercado para evaluar los cambios en el comportamiento de los actores clave del sistema de mercado, y 2) a nivel del agricultor para evaluar los cambios en los beneficios proporcionados a los agricultores dentro del sistema de mercado. Este reporte describe los resultados de la primera parte de la evaluación de línea de base a nivel de sistemas de mercado, que será utilizada por el equipo de MOCCA para informar la estrategia del programa. Esta evaluación utilizó métodos cualitativos, incluyendo entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales con actores ubicados en diferentes posiciones dentro del sector, para construir una imagen sólida de cómo funciona actualmente cada sistema a nivel nacional. La atención se centró en identificar a los actores presentes y comprender su comportamiento actual dentro del sistema frente a otros actores y ante los agricultores. Siguiendo la Teoría del Cambio de MOCCA, el estudio se centró en los comportamientos relacionados con la provisión de servicios a los agricultores, incluida la asistencia técnica, el material genético, la investigación y las finanzas, con especial énfasis en estos servicios en relación con procesos de rehabilitación y renovación (R&R). Trescientos actores participaron como informantes en los once sectores estudiados (5 países para café, 6 países para cacao). Los datos fueron recolectados entre abril y junio de 2019. Este reporte describe el sistema de mercado de CACAO en EL SALVADOR en el momento de la investigación

The Cacao Market System in Guatemala: Opportunities for Supporting Renovation and Rehabilitation

The Maximizing Opportunities in Coffee and Cacao in the Americas (MOCCA) project is a five-year initiative funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and implemented by a consortium led by TechnoServe, in collaboration with Lutheran World Relief, the Initiative for Smallholder Finance, and World Coffee Research. This regional initiative will apply a market systems approach to improve the livelihoods of 120,000 farmers in the coffee and cocoa sectors in Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Peru (henceforth MOCCA countries) through increased productivity and trade. Given the complexity of MOCCA’s design, the impact evaluation will evaluate outcomes at two levels - 1) at the market system level to assess changes in the behavior of key market system actors and 2) at the farmer level to assess changes in the benefits provided to farmers within the market system. This report is an extract from the results of the first part of the baseline evaluation, at the market systems level, which will be used by the MOCCA team to inform the Program's strategy. This assessment used qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews and focus groups with actors from different positions within the sector in order to build a robust image of how each system is currently functioning at the national level. The focus was on identifying current actors and understanding their current behavior within the system vis-a-vis other actors, and vis-a-vis farmers. Following MOCCA’s Theory of Change, we focused on behaviors related to provision of services to farmers including technical assistance, genetic material, finance and research, with particular emphasis on these services as they relate to rehabilitation and renovation (R&R). Three hundred different actors were engaged as informants across the eleven sectors studied (5 countries for coffee, 6 countries for cacao). Data was collected during April to June 2019. This document describes the CACAO market system in GUATEMALA at the time of research

Monitoring an Alien Invasion: DNA Barcoding and the Identification of Lionfish and Their Prey on Coral Reefs of the Mexican Caribbean

BACKGROUND: In the Mexican Caribbean, the exotic lionfish Pterois volitans has become a species of great concern because of their predatory habits and rapid expansion onto the Mesoamerican coral reef, the second largest continuous reef system in the world. This is the first report of DNA identification of stomach contents of lionfish using the barcode of life reference database (BOLD). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We confirm with barcoding that only Pterois volitans is apparently present in the Mexican Caribbean. We analyzed the stomach contents of 157 specimens of P. volitans from various locations in the region. Based on DNA matches in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) and GenBank, we identified fishes from five orders, 14 families, 22 genera and 34 species in the stomach contents. The families with the most species represented were Gobiidae and Apogonidae. Some prey taxa are commercially important species. Seven species were new records for the Mexican Caribbean: Apogon mosavi, Coryphopterus venezuelae, C. thrix, C. tortugae, Lythrypnus minimus, Starksia langi and S. ocellata. DNA matches, as well as the presence of intact lionfish in the stomach contents, indicate some degree of cannibalism, a behavior confirmed in this species by the first time. We obtained 45 distinct crustacean prey sequences, from which only 20 taxa could be identified from the BOLD and GenBank databases. The matches were primarily to Decapoda but only a single taxon could be identified to the species level, Euphausia americana. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This technique proved to be an efficient and useful method, especially since prey species could be identified from partially-digested remains. The primary limitation is the lack of comprehensive coverage of potential prey species in the region in the BOLD and GenBank databases, especially among invertebrates

Reflections Magazine of the Faculty of Education. Volume 7 No. 8 June 1999

Reflexiones presenta en esta entrega artículos escritos por profesores y alumnos de los programas de posgrado y pregrado de nuestra Facultad, en los cuales se plasma el espíritu de una comunidad académica deseosa de contribuir al desarrollo de lo humano, utilizando como pretexto puntos de referencia de orden ético y lógico, en consonancia con los ideales que propone, para el hacerteórico y práctico, el Proyecto Educativo de nuestra Universidad. Además, através deestas líneas iniciales, el comité curricular de la Facultad desea informar a los lectores sobre el proceso de autoevalución y acreditación que estamos viviendo, e invitar a los profesores y alumnos, al personal administrativo y a los egresados de esa facultad y a la comunidad académica de la escuelanormal de Bucaramanga, a participar en el análisis y consecuente reestructuración de los programas que ofrecemos.Reflections presents in this installment articles written by professors and students of the postgraduate and undergraduate programs of our Faculty, in which the spirit of an academic community eager to contribute to the development of the human being is embodied, using reference points of order as a pretext. ethical and logical, in line with the ideals proposed, for the theoretical and practical, the Educational Project of our University. In addition, through these initial lines, the Faculty's curricular committee wishes to inform readers about the self-evaluation and accreditation process that we are undergoing, and invite teachers and students, administrative staff and graduates of that Faculty and the academic community of the normal school of Bucaramanga, to participate in the analysis and consequent restructuring of the programs we offer

Desafíos actuales de la educación superior

El presente libro corresponde al trabajo investigativo realizado por sus autores frente a los desafíos que enfrenta y enfrentará la educación en tiempos actuales (provisional)

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group