Diferencias en la altura maxilar en pacientes con maloclusión y sin maloclusión

ResumenLa altura maxilar es un factor etiológico de maloclusiones poco estudiado, la mayoría de las investigaciones del maxilar son realizadas en el plano sagital. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar si existen diferencias en la altura maxilar en pacientes sin maloclusión y con maloclusiones en la población de Nayarit.Material y métodosEl tamaño de la muestra fue de 180 radiografías laterales de cráneo, de las cuales, 45 eran de pacientes sin maloclusión, por lo que se escogieron de forma aleatoria 45 radiografías de cada maloclusión de Angle. La estadística descriptiva y la prueba de ANOVA se realizaron con el programa SPSS versión 18.ResultadosLos pacientes sin maloclusión dental presentaron una diferencia de 0.5° con respecto a la norma de Ricketts. La maloclusión de clase II fue la del valor más alterado en la altura maxilar y la maloclusión de clase III de Angle la que se acercó a la norma de Ricketts.ConclusiónExisten diferencias estadísticas significativas en la altura maxilar entre las maloclusiones.AbstractMaxillary height is an understudied etiological factor of malocclusions since most of the research on the maxilla has been carried out in the sagittal plane. The objective of this research was to assess if there are differences in maxillary height between patients without malocclusion and with malocclusion in a population from Nayarit.Material and methodsThe size of the sample was 180 lateral X-rays; 45 were of patients without malocclusion so 45 X-rays of each Angle malocclusion were chosen randomly. Descriptive statistics and the ANOVA test were performed in the program SPSS version 18.ResultsPatients without malocclusion had a difference of 0.5° with respect to the standard of Ricketts, class II malocclusion was the most altered value of maxillary height and Angle class III malocclusion was the one that was closest to the Ricketts standard.ConclusionThere are statistical significant differences in maxillary height between malocclusions

Associação de classe esquelética I e II com a gravidade do apinhamento

Malocclusions are the result of functional and morphological abnormalities. In the 20th century, Angle proposed a classification that helped to systematically classify malocclusions and thus make the correct diagnosis and treatment. Dental crowding is the mismatch between the available space of the bone bases and the size of each dental organ. This study aimed to evaluate the association that may exist between skeletal class I and class II malocclusions in relation to the severity of crowding. A convenience sample of 50 class I cases and 50 class II cases was selected. The skeletal class was obtained from the ANB angle. Each skeletal class was divided into 3 groups. The data obtained were analyzed using the X2 test, Student's t-test and ANOVA in the Statcalc program. When comparing the average crowding among the class I groups, no statistically significant differences were found in the maxilla and mandible. Similarly, in class II malocclusion, no statistically significant differences were found in the maxilla or mandible. The study found that, in both class I and class II, the wider the ANB angle the more severe the crowding. In conclusion, the severity of skeletal class is related to the severity of crowding.Las maloclusiones son resultado de anormalidades de tipo funcional y morfológicas. Angle, en el siglo XX, propuso una clasificación que contribuyó a ordenar de forma sistemática las maloclusiones y así realizar el diagnóstico y tratamiento correcto. El apiñamiento dental es la disparidad entre el espacio disponible de las bases óseas y el tamaño de cada órgano dentario. Se evaluó la asociación que puede existir entre una maloclusión esqueletal clase I y II en relación con la severidad del apiñamiento. Se eligió una muestra por conveniencia de 50 casos clase I y 50 casos clase II. La clase esqueletal se obtuvo a partir del ángulo ANB. Cada clase esqueletal se dividió en 3 grupos. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante la prueba de X2, la prueba de t de Student y ANOVA en el programa Statcalc. Al comparar el promedio de apiñamiento de los grupos de la clase I no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el maxilar y en la mandíbula. En la maloclusión de clase II tampoco se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el maxilar, como en la mandíbula. Se encontró la asociación a mayor valor del ángulo ANB, mayor será el apiñamiento en la clase I y clase II. Se concluye que la severidad de la clase esqueletal tiene una relación con la severidad del apiñamiento.As más oclusões são o resultado de anormalidades funcionais e morfológicas. Angle, no século XX, propôs uma classificação que contribuiu para ordenar sistematicamente as más oclusões e, assim, fazer o correto diagnóstico e tratamento. O apinhamento dentário é a disparidade entre o espaço disponível das bases ósseas e o tamanho de cada órgão dentário. Foi avaliada a associação que pode existir entre uma má oclusão esquelética classe I e II em relação à gravidade do apinhamento. Foi escolhida uma amostra de conveniência de 50 casos classe I e 50 casos classe II. A classe esquelética foi obtida a partir do ângulo ANB. Cada classe esquelética foi dividida em 3 grupos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio do teste X2, teste t de Student e ANOVA no programa Statcalc. Ao comparar o apinhamento médio dos grupos classe I, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na maxila e mandíbula. Na má oclusão de classe II, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na maxila, como na mandíbula. A associação encontrada, quanto maior o valor do ângulo ANB, maior o apinhamento na classe I e na classe II. Conclui-se que a gravidade da classe esquelética está relacionada com a gravidade do apinhamento

Avaliação do conteúdo e qualidade dos vídeos de ortopedia maxilar do YouTube™

The objective of this study was to evaluate the content and quality of orthopedic videos on YouTube™. The methodological design was descriptive, observational and cross-sectional. The sample size was 120 videos, 24 of them were excluded. Several analytical data were collected from the videos such as the VIQI Index (Video Information and Quality Index), Interaction Index, viewing rate, and total content. Descriptive statistics, the Kappa test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and linear regression were performed. We found 24% of high content and 76% of low content. With the VIQI index, the quality of the videos was mostly good. When comparing the characteristics of the videos with high content with those with low content, significant statistical differences were found in the duration in minutes, the accuracy of minutes, and the quality of information. The correlation of the VIQI index with video characteristics was very low. In the sample, most of the videos were made by orthodontists. It is necessary to review the information on social networks to know which videos are indicated to be used in dental education or as information for patients.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el contenido y calidad de los videos de ortopedia maxilar en YouTube™. El diseño metodológico fue descriptivo, observacional y transversal. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 120 videos, de los cuales se excluyeron 24 videos. Se recolectaron varios datos analíticos de los videos, se realizó el Índice VIQI (Video Information and Quality Index), Índice de Interacción, la tasa de visualización y el total de contenido. Se realizó la estadística descripta, prueba de Kappa, prueba de U de Mann-Whitney y regresión lineal. Se encontró 24% de alto contenido y 76% de bajo contenido. Con el índice VIQI la calidad de los videos en su mayoría fue buena. Al comparar las características de los videos de alto contenido con los de bajo contenido se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas en la duración en minutos, en la exactitud de minutos y en la calidad de información. La correlación del índice VIQI con las características de los videos fue muy baja. En la muestra la mayoría de los videos fue realizado por ortodoncistas. Es necesario revisar la información de las redes sociales para conocer que videos son los indicados para utilizar en la educación en odontología o como información para los pacientes.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conteúdo e a qualidade dos vídeos de ortopedia maxilar no YouTube™. O desenho metodológico foi descritivo, observacional e transversal. O tamanho da amostra foi de 120 vídeos, dos quais 24 vídeos foram excluídos. Foram coletados diversos dados analíticos dos vídeos, foram realizados o Índice VIQI (Índice de Informação e Qualidade do Vídeo), o Índice de Interação, a taxa de visualização e o conteúdo total. Foram realizadas as estatísticas descritas, teste Kappa, teste U de Mann-Whitney e regressão linear. Foram encontrados 24% de alto teor e 76% de baixo teor. Com o índice VIQI, a qualidade dos vídeos foi boa. Ao comparar as características dos vídeos de alto conteúdo com os de baixo conteúdo, foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas na duração em minutos, na precisão dos minutos e na qualidade da informação. A correlação do índice VIQI com as características dos vídeos foi muito baixa. Na amostra, a maioria dos vídeos foi feita por ortodontistas. É necessário revisar as informações nas redes sociais para saber quais vídeos são indicados para uso na educação odontológica ou como informação para os pacientes

Conducta ortodóncica frente a la presencia de mesiodens: reporte de caso

Mesiodens are supernumerary teeth located between the two upper central incisors whose presence could contribute to the development of malocclusions. This report presents the case of an 8-year-old male patient, who had a mesiodens and an additional supernumerary tooth close to the midline, who were deviating the eruptive path of the permanent incisors, as well as causing severe axial rotation. The supernumerary teeth were extracted and two years later in the absence of spontaneous correction in the position of the affected teeth, the corrective treatment took process using 4x2 orthodontic appliances. Subsequently, when the permanent dentition was complete, full orthodontic appliances were installed, achieving satisfactory results at the end of the treatment. The timely extraction of the supernumerary teeth allowed, although with the presence of malpositions, the complete eruption of the central incisors, reducing the severity of the clinical condition and, consequently, the complexity of orthodontic treatment. Next, we present a treatment proposal to guide the orthodontist in the decision-making in the presence of mesiodens.Los mesiodens son dientes supernumerarios ubicados entre los dos incisivos centrales superiores cuya presencia podría contribuir al desarrollo de maloclusiones. El presente reporte relata el caso de un paciente masculino de 8 años de edad, que presentaba un mesiodens y un diente supernumerario adicional próximo a la línea media, que se encontraban desviando el trayecto eruptivo de los incisivos permanentes, así como provocando severa rotación axial de los mismos. Los dientes supernumerarios fueron extraídos y, dos años después, frente a la ausencia de corrección espontánea en la posición de los dientes afectados, se inició el tratamiento correctivo utilizando aparatología ortodóncica 4x2. Posteriormente, con la erupción total de la dentición permanente, fue instalada la aparatología ortodóncica completa, alcanzándose resultados satisfactorios al finalizar el tratamiento. La extracción oportuna de los dientes supernumerarios permitió, aunque con presencia de malposiciones, la erupción completa de los incisivos centrales, disminuyendo la severidad del cuadro clínico y, consecuentemente, la complejidad del tratamiento ortodóncico. A continuación, presentamos una propuesta de abordaje de tratamiento con el objetivo de guiar al ortodoncista en la toma de decisiones frente a la presencia de mesiodens

Distance between root apices and the floor of the maxillary sinus and its relation to the skeletal pattern facial

Objetivo. Determinar la distancia de los ápices radiculares de premolares y molares superiores al piso del seno maxilar y su relación con el patrón esquelético. Métodos. Estudio transversal que incluyó 75 casos pre-tratamiento ortodóntico de archivos de pacientes que asistieron al Posgrado de Ortodoncia de la Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, México. Se determinó el patrón esquelético de los pacientes por medio de radiografías cefálicas laterales y de acuerdo a la clasificación de Angle se agruparon en Clase I, Clase II y Clase III. Se midieron, sobre cortes realizados con tomografía computarizada de haz cónico, las distancias entre los ápices de segundos premolares, primeros y segundos molares superiores y el piso del seno maxilar. Se utilizó el software Ez3DPlus Versión 1.2.6.0 (Vatech, Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Se realizó el análisis de los datos mediante la prueba de t de Student. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el grupo de premolares de Clase II (Media= 1,33; Varianza= 3,43) y Clase III (Media= 3,26; Varianza= 15,53), (p=0,031). Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio mostraron que el patrón esquelético no fue determinante en la distancia de los ápices radiculares de molares superiores al piso del seno maxilar, sin embargo las diferencias encontradas entre los segundos premolares de Clase II y Clase III sí pudieran deberse a esta variable.Objective. To determine the distance between root apices of premolars and upper molars to the floor of the maxillary sinus and their relationship with the skeletal pattern. Methods. A cross-sectional study that included 75 orthodontic pre-treatment cases from the files of patients who attended the Orthodontic Postgraduate Course at the Autonomous University of Nayarit, México. The skeletal pattern of the patients was determined through digital lateral cephalometric radiographs and according to the Angle classification they were grouped in Class I, Class II and Class III. The distances between the apices of the second premolars, first and second upper molars and the floor of the maxillary sinus were measured on cone beam CT scans. The software Ez3DPlus Version 1.2.6.0 (Vatech, Gyeonggi-do, Korea) was used. Data analysis was performed using the Student t-test. Results. Significant differences were found between the Class II (Mean= 1.338; Sd=1.852) and Class III premolars group (Mean= 3.26; Sd= 3.941), (p=0.031). Conclusions. The results obtained in this study showed that the skeletal pattern was not a determining factor in the distance of the root apices of upper molars to the floor of the maxillary sinus. However, the differences found between the second premolars of Class II and Class III could be due to this variable

Fungal and ciliate protozoa are the main rumen microbes associated with methane emissions in dairy cattle

14 Pág. Departamento de Mejora Genetica AnimalMitigating the effects of global warming has become the main challenge for humanity in recent decades. Livestock farming contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, with an important output of methane from enteric fermentation processes, mostly in ruminants. Because ruminal microbiota is directly involved in digestive fermentation processes and methane biosynthesis, understanding the ecological relationships between rumen microorganisms and their active metabolic pathways is essential for reducing emissions. This study analysed whole rumen metagenome using long reads and considering its compositional nature in order to disentangle the role of rumen microbes in methane emissions.This research was financed by RTA2015-00022-C03-02 (METALGEN) project from the National Plan of Research, Development and Innovation 2013–2020 and the Department of Economic Development and Competitiveness (Madrid, Spain). A.L.G. was funded by FPI-INIA grant with reference FPI-SGIT2016-06.Peer reviewe

Chronic fatigue syndrome: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment

Chronic fatigue syndrome is characterised by intense fatigue, with duration of over six months and associated to other related symptoms. The latter include asthenia and easily induced tiredness that is not recovered after a night's sleep. The fatigue becomes so severe that it forces a 50% reduction in daily activities. Given its unknown aetiology, different hypotheses have been considered to explain the origin of the condition (from immunological disorders to the presence of post-traumatic oxidative stress), although there are no conclusive diagnostic tests. Diagnosis is established through the exclusion of other diseases causing fatigue. This syndrome is rare in childhood and adolescence, although the fatigue symptom per se is quite common in paediatric patients. Currently, no curative treatment exists for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. The therapeutic approach to this syndrome requires a combination of different therapeutic modalities. The specific characteristics of the symptomatology of patients with chronic fatigue require a rapid adaptation of the educational, healthcare and social systems to prevent the problems derived from current systems. Such patients require multidisciplinary management due to the multiple and different issues affecting them. This document was realized by one of the Interdisciplinary Work Groups from the Institute for Rare Diseases, and its aim is to point out the main social and care needs for people affected with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. For this, it includes not only the view of representatives for different scientific societies, but also the patient associations view, because they know the true history of their social and sanitary needs. In an interdisciplinary approach, this work also reviews the principal scientific, medical, socio-sanitary and psychological aspects of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Onset of lupus like syndrome in patients with spondyloarthritis treated with anti-TNF-α

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The anti-TNFα therapy has been since its approval by the FDA, along with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), one of the most important therapies for control of spondyloarthritis (SpA). The onset of Lupus Like Syndrome (LLS) has been described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with anti-TNFα therapy but there is little literature on the occurrence of this entity in patients with SpA.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied 57 patients with SpA who received more than 1 year of anti-TNFα therapy (infliximab, adalimumab or etanercept). Patients were analyzed for the development of LLS, in addition to measuring ANA levels ≥ 1:160 and Anti-dsDNA (measured by IIF).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In total, 7.01% of patients treated with anti-TNFα had titers of ANA ≥ 1:160, whereas 3.5% of patients had serum levels of dsDNA. However, only one patient (1.75%; n = 1) experienced clinical symptoms of LLS; this was a female patient with a history of psoriatic arthritis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The presence of LLS secondary to anti-TNFα therapy in patients with SpA is observed less frequently compared with patients with RA. LLS was only detected in a patient with a history of psoriasis since youth, who developed psoriatic arthritis after 27 years of age and had received anti-TNFα therapy for > 2 years. This may be because LLS is an entity clearly associated with innate immunity, with little central role of B and T cells.</p