Partial extinction did not diminish spontaneous recovery after 24-hour retention interval

Fear extinction is not permanent but it may suffer from different forms of relapse. One strategy potentially useful to diminish relapse is the partial extinction treatment, according to which, extinction may be potentiated if a gradual and sparse number of CS-US pairings are introduced within the extinction treatment. The present study, using a differential fear conditioning paradigm, tries to evaluate the efficacy of partial extinction to reduce a specific form of relapse, spontaneous recovery, after a 24 h. retention interval. The results showed that partial extinction did not diminish spontaneous recovery when compared with standard extinction. From a theoretical point of view, the pattern of results found was more consistent with the idea that extinction entails the acquisition of new knowledge than with the idea that there are conditions in which extinction entails the erasure of the original acquisitionUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Intolerance of uncertainty modulates the insensitivity to reinforcer devaluation found in an avoidance task

The reinforcer devaluation paradigm has been regarded as a canonical paradigm to detect habit-like behavior in animal and human instrumental learning. Though less studied, avoidance situations set a scenario where habit-like behavior may be of great experimental and clinical interest. On the other hand, proactive intolerance of uncertainty has been shown as a factor facilitating responses in uncertain situations. Thus, avoidance situations in which uncertainty is favoured, may be taken as a relevant paradigm to examine the role of intolerance of uncertainty as a facilitatory factor for habit-like behavior to occur. In our experiment we used a free-operant discriminative avoidance procedure to implement a devaluation paradigm. Participants learned to avoid an aversive noise presented either to the right or to the left ear by pressing two different keys. After a devaluation phase where the volume of one of the noises was reduced, they went through a test phase identical to the avoidance phase except for the fact that the noise was never administered. Sensitivity to reinforcer devaluation was examined by comparing the response rate to the cue associated to the devalued reinforcer with that to the cue associated to the still aversive reinforcer. The results showed that intolerance of uncertainty was positively associated to insensitivity to reinforcer devaluation. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and clinical implications of the habit-like behavior obtained in our avoidance procedure.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Qualitative Indicators for the Environmental Education Centers’s avaliation

[Resumo] O artigo analiza os cambios máis relevantes que viviron os Centros de Educación Ambiental ao longo das dúas últimas décadas. Tómanse como referencia os estudos de diagnósticos previos, e compáranse os resultados cun estudo de caso en profundidade. Un listado de indicadores de calidade permite abordar unha avaliación diacrónica das innovacións e melloras do sector.[Abstract] The paper analyzes the most significant changes that have ocurred in Environmental Education Centers over the last two decades. They are referenced previous diagnostic studies, and compared the results with a case study conducted in 2011. A list of quality indicators can address a diachronic evaluation of innovations and improvements in the sector

Factores asociados a la incidencia de tuberculosis en personas de 15 a 49 años residentes en los distritos V, VI y municipio de Tipitapa del 1 de enero del 2003 al 30 de junio del 2004.

dentifica factores de riesgo sociodemográficos, personales, de tipo laboral y hábitos no saludables que tuvieran relación con el riesgo de enfermarse de Tuberculosis

Analysis of the Design of the Single-Cylinder Steam Engine of the Grasshopper Beam by Henry Muncaster

In this paper, the analysis of the design of the single-cylinder steam engine of the Grasshopper beam designed by Henry Muncaster in 1912 is shown. This engine was incorporated into ships and railways and it was published in the Model Engineer journal in 1957. It shows great complexity due to its ability to transform reciprocating movement into rotary movement and its high number of elements (more than 150). To this end, a study of computer-aided engineering (CAE) was carried out using the software Autodesk Inventor Nastran, consisting of a linear static analysis using the finite element method (FEM) of the 3D CAD model under real operating conditions in order to learn if it was well designed, according to material resistance criteria. The assembly is analyzed in the two most unfavorable situations in order to determine the von Mises stresses, the displacements and the safety coefficient distributions. Finally, it was found that the work pressure (maximum admissible steam pressure in the admission) was 0.15 MPa.The research presented in this paper was possible thanks to a collaboration grant with the Department of Engineering Graphics, Design and Projects of the University of Jaen obtained in the 2022 call from the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training of the Government of Spain

Cayley-Klein Poisson Homogeneous Spaces

Producción CientíficaThe nine two-dimensional Cayley–Klein geometries are firstly reviewed by following a graded contraction approach. Each geometry is considered as a set of three symmetrical homogeneous spaces (of points and two kinds of lines), in such a manner that the graded contraction parameters determine their curvature and signature. Secondly, new Poisson homogeneous spaces are constructed by making use of certain Poisson–Lie structures on the corresponding motion groups. Therefore, the quantization of these spaces provides noncommutative analogues of the Cayley–Klein geometries. The kinematical interpretation for the semiRiemannian and pseudo-Riemannian Cayley–Klein geometries is emphasized, since they are just Newtonian and Lorentzian spacetimes of constant curvature.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (grant MTM2016-79639-P)European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST Action MP1405 QSPACE

Estimates of the likelihood of threats are related to intolerance of uncertainty and learning

In the present experiment, we assessed the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and expectancy ratings of threats both in the presence of conditioned stimuli (CS) that signalled the delivery of an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), and after making an avoidance response. Participants learned the relationship between several pictures serving as CSs and an aversive sound serving as the US, and learned to avoid the US through a procedure including alternating pavlovian and negative reinforcement training phases. Expectancy ratings were measured on every training trial. Our results only showed a significant association between intolerance of uncertainty and expectancy ratings made after avoidance responses. This association was found only when the avoidance response was made in the presence of CSs signalling that the aversive sound was avoidable. The increase in intolerance of uncertainty was related to lower expectancy ratings in good learners, and to higher expectancy ratings in bad learners. These results are tentatively explained by invoking a view of intolerance of uncertainty as an exaggerated reaction to uncertainty aimed at learning to avoid threats.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Ministerio de Ciencia y Competitividad. Proyecto Nacional I+D+i. PSI2014-56061

The role of Libraries in Cultural Centres Abroad: an insight

This research paper sets up a typology of libraries managed by cultural centres abroad. Nearly 2,200 libraries linked to a dozen of different cultural organizations provide not only traditional services such as loan and access to printed and audiovisual materials but they also approach local citizens, offering help and services in matters of education, literacy, cooperation, social issues or development. These actions may fit under the label of cultural diplomacy actions. This paper analyses the relevance of those cultural centres and offers a classification through a table including networks of institutions of the thirty most significant cultural centres worldwide

Cómo y en qué se gasta el presupuesto de la Administración de Justicia en España

En anteriores publicaciones pudimos concluir que el deficiente funcionamiento de la Administración de Justicia (AJ) en España obedece más a factores organizativos que a falta de presupuesto, destacando la confluencia de una elevada litigiosidad con una insuficiente planta de jueces, que, además, está mal distribuida territorialmente; y el hecho de que el incremento del gasto habido desde 2004 no ha mejorado su funcionamiento. Bajo estas premisas, el presente trabajo tiene como principal objetivo indagar a qué partidas se destina el gasto de la AJ, en un intento de aislar las razones que explicarían el por qué su incremento no se ha trasladado a su mejora. Para ello hemos tenido, en primer lugar, que reorganizar unas partidas presupuestarias dispersas entre los distintos Organismos que intervienen en la compleja organización judicial española. También hemos debido adoptar decisiones oportunamente justificadas acerca de qué partidas incluimos o no en los gastos, ya que no existen normas ni criteros reglados. Esto, a juicio de los autores, constituye un valor añadido al trabajo, al poner en conocimiento de la comunidad científica datos de díficil elboración