New records and geographic distribution of Glaziophyton mirabile (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Glaziophyton Franch. is a monotypic bamboo genus (G. mirabile Franch.), narrowly endemic to the Campos de Altitude in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. Five occurrence sites are known, but one is considered locally extinct and, at two sites, the species has not been recollected for several years. Due to its restricted geographical range G. mirabile is classified as a threatened species. In this study we report two new populations. These new records might change the species conservation status and the category of its extinction risk

Reproductive biology of Bromeliaceae in the Atlantic rainforest of southeastern Brazil

A study was made of the reproductive biology of 35 species of Bromeliaceae in the Atlantic Rainforest province of southeastern Brazil. Three study sites were established, at different altitudinal levels ranging from the sea coast to 1800m, and including a range of forest types and high montane grassland. The studied taxa included 18 species of Vriesea, five of Quesnelia, two of Pitcairnia, two of Nidularium, two of Neoregelia, two of Billbergia two of Aechmea, one of Dyckia and one of Tillandsia. Aspects of flowering phenology, pollination biology, breeding system and fruit-set success were studied for 14 species, whilst less complete data, usually limited for breeding system and fruit-set, was obtained for further 21 species. The flowering phenology of the bromeliad species showed a displacement towards the wet, summer period between November-February, with many species showing overlapping flowering at this time, and thus with little evidence of adaptative phenological displacement. The species could be grouped into two pollination guilds, hummingbirds and bats, with the former predominanting, such that 26 of the 35 species had this vector, whilst seven species, with nocturnal anthesis and scented flowers, were visited by bats. For both kinds of vectors, the flowering strategy known as 'steady state', in which few flowers are opened per day/night over a long period, was the commonest situation encounted, since 'steady state' flowering has been associated with so-called 'traplining' pollinator, in which the vector regularly forages along a sequence of plants. Hand-pollination experiments showed that the majority of species were self-compatible, with fluorescence microscopy studies evincing massive self-pollen germination on the stigma, with growth of pollen tubes to the ovary and high levels of ovule penetration. However, six species were considered to be self-incompatible, and it is of interest that all of these taxa are member of the subfamily Bromelioideae. Despite the prevalence of self-compatibility, it is likely that a 'mixed-mating' system, with some out crossing occurs in many species because of the 'steady state' type of flowering, and also the marked protandry of the flowers at anthesis

ANÁLISE DOS IMPACTOS DA CRISE DO SUBPRIME NAS EXPORTAÇÕES BRASILEIRAS PARA SEUS PRINCIPAIS PARCEIROS COMERCIAIS

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Sócio-Econômico. Economia.A crise financeira mundial de 2008 começou no mercado imobiliário dos EUA e ficou conhecida como crise do subprime, em referência aos empréstimos hipotecários de maior risco, que entraram em evidência com a eclosão da crise. Neste cenário, as exportações mundiais foram proporcionalmente mais afetadas que a atividade econômica em geral. No Brasil, a crise econômica acentuou a tendência já observada desde o início do século de crescimento das exportações de commodities, o que aumentou a importância da China como parceiro comercial. Esta monografia tem como objetivo fundamental investigar os impactos causados pela crise do subprime nas exportações brasileiras para os países selecionados: EUA, China, Argentina e Alemanha, a partir da identificação dos principais determinantes dessas exportações, além de testar a hipótese de que os países que adotaram uma política monetária mais restritiva, medida através da taxa interbancária, sofreram impactos negativos mais contundentes com a crise. Foram realizados quatro modelos econométricos, um para cada país analisado. Utilizando uma variável dummy para o período da crise, a análise econométrica, baseada no método geral-específico, revelou que as séries são integradas de ordem I(1), além de apresentarem cointegração. O modelo VEC estimado para as exportações com destino aos EUA apontou que a redução da taxa interbancária norte-americana foi benéfica para aumentar as importações de produtos brasileiros. Essa relação não pode ser constatada no outros modelos. Já para o período do auge da crise do subprime, do quarto trimestre de 2008 ao terceiro trimestre de 2009, as variáveis dummies revelaram um impacto negativo nas exportações para a China, a Argentina e Alemanh

O direito real de laje: entre direito de superfície e a nova face democrática da propriedade

The State Law 13.465/2016 has introduced the slab right into the brazilian legal system. By one hand, it was celebrated as it fulfills promises of more social equality; by the other hand, it made part of the doctrine worried as they didn´t knew how to categorize the nature of the new positive right. This paper analyses the factual causes that made the slab right a new kind of real estate right, as well its social history and practice before the state law in question. After studying the dogmatical of the legislation in analyses, the paper points the main theme questions, emphasizing relevant cases. The essential crux chosen was the need to find the origin of the slab right, distinguishing and finding connections between the development right and the property right. That said, as an attempt to calm down the theoretical disquiet, it was pointed the main arguments from both sides. Nevertheless, in the end, it concludes for better use of the slab right as a kind of property right, mostly because of its goals to legalize vulnerable homeland, due to its factual approach between reality and the law, and considering the free use of land guaranteed by property right. From the strongest arguments in defense of slab right as a kind of property right, stand out (i) the facilities of daily use by the owners; (ii) the plenty fruition of all powers of property right (to use, to take profit, to renounce); (iii) the presence of a single property document; (iv) a legal safety for slab owners, guaranteeing economic stability; and at last (v) the close understanding between social facts and the law.A Lei 13.465/2017 introduziu o direito real de laje no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Se por um lado a inovação foi festejada por abranger promessas de maior equidade social, por outro, houve desconforto doutrinário em razão da problemática natureza jurídica do novíssimo instituto. A presente pesquisa analisa as causas fáticas que motivaram a positivação da laje enquanto direito real, bem como a prática jurisprudencial, destacando-se a virada no entendimento dos tribunais nacionais. Após estudar brevemente a dogmática apresentada no dispositivo legal, passou-se à observação dos principais dissídios literários a respeito da temática, destacando-se julgados pertinentes. Identificou-se como problemática central a dificuldade de caracterização e aproximação do novo direito real como derivado do direito de superfície ou direito de propriedade. Nesse sentido, na tentativa de amenizar o desassossego teórico, elencou-se principais argumentos de ambos os lados. Ao final, conclui-se pela melhor utilização do direito real de laje como derivado do instituto proprietário, sobretudo em razão dos objetivos primados pela lei em comento, devido à maior proximidade com a realidade concreta, bem como se considerando o livre exercício dos direitos inerentes ao domínio. Dos principais argumentos em defesa da laje como subespécie da propriedade, destacam-se (i) a facilidade do uso cotidiano pelos interessados; (ii) o pleno gozo das faculdades inerentes à propriedade (usar, fruir e dispor); (iii) a presença de matrícula autônoma; (iv) a segurança jurídica dos possuidores de laje, garantindo-se estabilidade econômica aos proprietários de solos escassos; por fim, (v) a compreensão aproximada entre fato social e direito

Genetic relationships and variation in reproductive strategies in four closely related bromeliads adapted to neotropical ‘inselbergs': Alcantarea glaziouana, A. regina, A. geniculata and A. imperialis (Bromeliaceae)

Background and Aims Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) adapted to rock outcrops or ‘inselbergs' in neotropical rain forests have been identified as suitable plant models for studying population divergence and speciation during continental plant radiations. Little is known about genetic relationships and variation in reproductive strategies within and among inselberg-adapted species, yet knowledge of these parameters is important for understanding divergence processes and for conservation planning. Methods Nuclear microsatellites were used to assess the role of clonal reproduction, estimate genetic diversity and explore genetic relationships and variation in reproductive strategies for a total of 15 populations of four closely related Alcantarea inselberg species in south-eastern Brazil: A. glaziouana, A. regina, A. geniculata and A. imperialis. Key Results Clonal propagation is frequent in coastal populations of A. glaziouana and A. regina, but absent in the high-altitude species A. geniculata and A. imperialis. Considerable variation in clonal diversity, gene diversity (He), allelic richness, and Wright's inbreeding coefficient (FIS) exists within and between species of Alcantarea. A Bayesian analysis of coastal inselberg species indicated pronounced genetic structure. A neighbor-joining analysis grouped populations of each species together with moderate bootstrap support, except for the high altitude species A. imperialis. Conclusions The coastal inselberg species A. glaziouana and A. regina tend to propagate asexually via vegetative clonal growth, and both reproductive strategies and breeding systems vary greatly between populations and species of Alcantarea. The microsatellite data indicate a history of hybridization and reticulation involving the high-altitude species A. geniculata and A. imperialis in areas of co-occurrence. The results highlight the need to understand similarities and differences in reproductive strategies both within and between related species for conservation planning and as a basis for understanding evolutionary processes in tropical radiation

Fitossociologia e composição da vegetação arbórea no cerrado stricto sensu - Vale do Jequitinhonha

  This study aimed at surveying the flora and phytosociology of the arboreal vegetation in Jacu and Arroz Farm, located in the rural area of Carbonita/MG in the Jequitinhonha Valley. Within 30 rectangular plots in a size of 500 m², all individuals with DBH > 1 cm were identified. We sampled 3,147 live individuals, distributed in 27 species, 25 genres and 14 families. The predominant syndrome dispersion was the zoochory for both individuals and species, and the diameter distribution showed the second class with over 70% individuals. The community exhibit a density of 2,097 individuals ha-1, and the basal area of 16 m² ha-1. The local showed that the Caryocar brasiliense and Qualea grandiflora species were similar in other studies concerning to the forest structure, besides Fabaceae the richest family in the area. So, this study can be suggested as a reference for future conservation actions of the vegetation in the region, besides the importance of the wild life demonstrated by the predominance in the seed dispersal species.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o levantamento florístico e a fitossociológico da vegetação arbórea em uma área da Fazenda Jacu e Arroz, localizada na zona rural da cidade de Carbonita-MG no Vale do Jequitinhonha. Foram alocadas 30 parcelas retangulares com tamanho de 500 m², onde todos os indivíduos com DAP > 1 cm foram identificados. Foram amostrados 3.147 indivíduos vivos, distribuídos em 27 espécies, 25 gêneros e 14 famílias. A predominância na síndrome de dispersão foi a zoocoria tanto de espécies como de indivíduos e a distribuição diamétrica apresentou a segunda classe com mais de 70% dos indivíduos. A comunidade exibiu densidade de 2.097 indivíduos.ha-1 e área basal de 16 m².ha-1. O local mostrou as espécies Caryocar brasiliense e Qualea grandiflora foram semelhantes a outros estudos em termos de importância e a família Fabaceae com maior riqueza na área, sendo assim, podem ser sugerido como referência na inserção de futuras ações de conservação da vegetação na região, além da grande importância da fauna demonstrada, através da predominância na dispersão de sementes das espécies