50 research outputs found

    Aerosol ageing in an urban plume - implication for climate

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    The climate effects downwind of an urban area resulting from gaseous and particulate emissions within the city are as yet inadequately quantified. The aim of this work was to estimate these effects for Malmo city in southern Sweden (population 280 000). The chemical and physical particle properties were simulated with a model for Aerosol Dynamics, gas phase CHEMistry and radiative transfer calculations (ADCHEM) following the trajectory movement from upwind of Malmo, through the urban background environment and finally tens and hundreds of kilometers downwind of Malmo. The model results were evaluated using measurements of the particle number size distribution and chemical composition. The total particle number concentration 50 km (similar to 3 h) downwind, in the center of the Malmo plume, is about 3700 cm(-3) of which the Malmo contribution is roughly 30%. Condensation of nitric acid, ammonium and to a smaller extent oxidized organic compounds formed from the emissions in Malmo increases the secondary aerosol formation with a maximum of 0.7-0.8 mu gm(-3) 6 to 18 h downwind of Malmo. The secondary mass contribution dominates over the primary soot contribution from Malmo already 3 to 4 h downwind of the emission sources and contributes to an enhanced total surface direct or indirect aerosol shortwave radiative forcing in the center of the urban plume ranging from -0.3 to -3.3 Wm(-2) depending on the distance from Malmo, and the specific cloud properties

    Temperature and concentration dependence of the electrochemical PtHg4 alloy formation for mercury decontamination

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    New and improved methods to remove toxic mercury from contaminated waters and waste streams are highly sought after. Recently, it was shown that electrochemical alloy formation of PtHg4 on a platinum surface with mercury ions from solution can be utilized for decontamination, with several advantages over conventional techniques. Herein, we examine the alloy formation process in more detail by mercury concentration measurements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in batch measurements as well as electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance analysis both in batch and in flowing water with initial mercury concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 75000 \ub5g L−1 Hg2+. Results show that mercury is effectively removed from all solutions and the rate of alloy formation is constant over time, as well as for very thick layers of PtHg4. The apparent activation energy for the electrochemical alloy formation was determined to be 0.29 eV, with a reaction order in mercury ion concentration around 0.8. The obtained results give new insights that are vital in the assessment and further development of electrochemical alloy formation as a method for large scale mercury decontamination

    To Write or Not to Write? : About Writing Promotion at Swedish Public Libraries

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    Swedish public libraries have offered writing courses and activities for decades. Despite that, writing doesn’t necessarily seem to have an obvious place at all public libraries. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the status of writing promotion at Swedish public libraries. The study is conducted using several methods. Firstly, official library statistics are used to map creative writing activities at public libraries. Secondly, library plans from Swedish regions are used to study how they define writing promotion related to public library. Thirdly, three interviews are conducted with people who have worked with writing promotion. The four-space model from 2012 is used to analyze the motives for writing promotion related to public libraries. The statistic results show that writing activities has a low priority in comparison with other activities at the public library. Moreover, the statistics show that public libraries vary in offering writing activities, both at a national and a regional level. The results based on the library plans show that public libraries in many regions work, or want to work, with writing promotion. In most of the regions the writing promotion can be connected to all four spaces and goals according to The four-space model. Through writing promotion public libraries can offer an inspiration space, a learning space, a meeting space and a performative space, consequently supporting experience, empowerment, involvement and innovation. The status of writing promotion seems, however, to vary among the regions. The interviews reveal, in accordance with the library plans, that writing promotion belongs in public libraries.  In conclusion, the thesis shows that writing promotion is overshadowed by reading promotion at Swedish public libraries. In addition, the thesis shows that the status of writing promotion has potential to increase at Swedish public libraries. This is a two years master ́s thesis in Library and Information Science

    FörgÀnglighetstematiken i Kristina Lugns lyrik respektive dramatik

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    Syftet med uppsatsen Ă€r att undersöka hur förgĂ€nglighetstematiken tar sig uttryck i Kristina Lugns lyrik respektive dramatik. Jag analyserar en diktsamling och ett drama: Hej dĂ„, ha det sĂ„ bra!frĂ„n 2003, respektive NattorienterarnafrĂ„n 1998. I min analys utgĂ„r jag frĂ„n en tematisk lĂ€sning för att ta fasta pĂ„ förgĂ€nglighetstematiken, för att vidare undersöka hur tematiken tar sig uttryck i respektive genre. Jag tar bland annat hjĂ€lp av begreppet ”genericitet”, som ser genre ”som ett material som texten produktivt bearbetar”. Analysen visar att förgĂ€nglighetstematiken Ă€r pĂ„taglig i de bĂ„da verken. Analysen visar ocksĂ„ att förgĂ€nglighetstematiken tar sig uttryck pĂ„ olika sĂ€tt i respektive genre; dramatiken uttrycker förgĂ€nglighetstematiken pĂ„ ett teatraliskt och humoristiskt sĂ€tt, medan lyriken uttrycker förgĂ€nglighetstematiken pĂ„ ett mer avskalat och direkt sĂ€tt. Förordet till Nattorienterarna, dĂ€r Kristina Lugn skriver om sitt förhĂ„llande till respektive genre, underbygger min tolkning. Lugn lĂ„ter allvaret komma nĂ€rmre lĂ€saren genom sin lyrik

    Frikoppling: bra, men inte tillrÀckligt

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    Global raw material extraction has accelerated since the 1950s, causing resource depletion, ecosystem degra- dation, pollution, and climate change. To reduce such impacts, the economic drivers of material use must be addressed. Although economic growth often drives material use to increase, this increase can be counter- acted by dematerialization. This study explores whether dematerialization can achieve sustainable material footprints in Sweden by 2050, considering different scenarios of economic growth. Environmentally extended multi-regional input-output analysis was used to calculate the Swedish material footprint from 1995 to 2011. Structural decomposition analysis was used to quantify how much dematerialization, economic growth, con- sumption and trade patterns, and population drove the changes in the material footprint. Based on previous literature, 6 tons of materials per person was used as a sustainability target in three backcasting scenarios, reflecting degrowth, growth, and growth with ambitious shifts towards less material intensive consumption and trade patterns, respectively. The Swedish material footprint increased from 211 to 279 Mt from 1995 to 2011. While relative dematerialization did occur, economic growth caused material use to grow. If the economy degrows, the 2050 target can be reached with dematerialization rates of 0.7 times the previous rates. To reach the target under continued economic growth, dematerialization rates must increase by a factor of 1.8-2.7, depending on the extent of shifts to less material intensive consumption and trade patterns. Although further research is needed to examine whether such unprecedented rates of dematerialization are feasible, the results suggest that degrowth must be considered.RÄvaruutvinningen i vÀrlden har ökat kraftigt sedan 1950-talet, vilket leder till resursbrist, degraderade ekosystem, föroreningar och klimatförÀndringar. För att minska den miljöpÄverkan behöver drivkrafterna bakom samhÀllets materialanvÀndning angripas. Ekonomisk tillvÀxt driver pÄ rÄvaruutvinningen, men resurseffektivisering kan minska den. Den hÀr studien undersöker hur resurseffektivisering,dematerialization pÄ engelska, kan uppnÄ en hÄllbar materialanvÀndning i Sverige 2050, beroende pÄ hur den ekonomiska tillvÀxten utvecklas. Data pÄ nationella och internationella ekonomiska flöden och deras miljöeffekter, environmentally extended multi-regional input-output data pÄ engelska, anvÀndes för att rÀkna ut Sveriges materialanvÀndning ur ett konsumtionsperspektiv frÄn 1995 till 2011. Strukturell dekomponering anvÀndes för att kvantifiera hur mycket resurseffektivisering, ekonomisk tillvÀxt, konsumtions- och handelsmönster och befolkningsstorlek drev förÀndringarna i materialanvÀndningen. Baserat pÄ den befintliga litteraturen anvÀndes 6 ton material per person som ett hÄllbarhetsmÄl i tre scenarier, som representerade nervÀxt, tillvÀxt och tillvÀxt dÀr konsumtionen samtidigt blir mindre materialintensiv. Den svenska materialanvÀndningen ökade frÄn 211 till 279 Mt mellan 1995 och 2011. En viss resurseffektivisering skedde under perioden, men den ekonomiska tillvÀxten bidrog till att materialanvÀndningen ÀndÄ ökade. Om ekonomins storlek minskar kan hÄllbarhetsmÄlet nÄs 2050 med en resurseffektiviseringstakt som Àr 0,7 gÄnger takten frÄn 1995 till 2011. För att nÄ mÄlet med ekonomisk tillvÀxt behöver takten i resurseffektiviseringen öka med en faktor mellan 1,8 och 2,7, beroende pÄ hur stora skiftena till mindre materialintensiva konsumtions- och handelsmönster Àr. Mer forsknings behövs för att undersöka huruvida en sÄ snabb resurseffektiviseringstakt Àr realistisk, men resultaten visar att nervÀxt kan vara ett alternativ

    Frikoppling: bra, men inte tillrÀckligt

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    Global raw material extraction has accelerated since the 1950s, causing resource depletion, ecosystem degra- dation, pollution, and climate change. To reduce such impacts, the economic drivers of material use must be addressed. Although economic growth often drives material use to increase, this increase can be counter- acted by dematerialization. This study explores whether dematerialization can achieve sustainable material footprints in Sweden by 2050, considering different scenarios of economic growth. Environmentally extended multi-regional input-output analysis was used to calculate the Swedish material footprint from 1995 to 2011. Structural decomposition analysis was used to quantify how much dematerialization, economic growth, con- sumption and trade patterns, and population drove the changes in the material footprint. Based on previous literature, 6 tons of materials per person was used as a sustainability target in three backcasting scenarios, reflecting degrowth, growth, and growth with ambitious shifts towards less material intensive consumption and trade patterns, respectively. The Swedish material footprint increased from 211 to 279 Mt from 1995 to 2011. While relative dematerialization did occur, economic growth caused material use to grow. If the economy degrows, the 2050 target can be reached with dematerialization rates of 0.7 times the previous rates. To reach the target under continued economic growth, dematerialization rates must increase by a factor of 1.8-2.7, depending on the extent of shifts to less material intensive consumption and trade patterns. Although further research is needed to examine whether such unprecedented rates of dematerialization are feasible, the results suggest that degrowth must be considered.RÄvaruutvinningen i vÀrlden har ökat kraftigt sedan 1950-talet, vilket leder till resursbrist, degraderade ekosystem, föroreningar och klimatförÀndringar. För att minska den miljöpÄverkan behöver drivkrafterna bakom samhÀllets materialanvÀndning angripas. Ekonomisk tillvÀxt driver pÄ rÄvaruutvinningen, men resurseffektivisering kan minska den. Den hÀr studien undersöker hur resurseffektivisering,dematerialization pÄ engelska, kan uppnÄ en hÄllbar materialanvÀndning i Sverige 2050, beroende pÄ hur den ekonomiska tillvÀxten utvecklas. Data pÄ nationella och internationella ekonomiska flöden och deras miljöeffekter, environmentally extended multi-regional input-output data pÄ engelska, anvÀndes för att rÀkna ut Sveriges materialanvÀndning ur ett konsumtionsperspektiv frÄn 1995 till 2011. Strukturell dekomponering anvÀndes för att kvantifiera hur mycket resurseffektivisering, ekonomisk tillvÀxt, konsumtions- och handelsmönster och befolkningsstorlek drev förÀndringarna i materialanvÀndningen. Baserat pÄ den befintliga litteraturen anvÀndes 6 ton material per person som ett hÄllbarhetsmÄl i tre scenarier, som representerade nervÀxt, tillvÀxt och tillvÀxt dÀr konsumtionen samtidigt blir mindre materialintensiv. Den svenska materialanvÀndningen ökade frÄn 211 till 279 Mt mellan 1995 och 2011. En viss resurseffektivisering skedde under perioden, men den ekonomiska tillvÀxten bidrog till att materialanvÀndningen ÀndÄ ökade. Om ekonomins storlek minskar kan hÄllbarhetsmÄlet nÄs 2050 med en resurseffektiviseringstakt som Àr 0,7 gÄnger takten frÄn 1995 till 2011. För att nÄ mÄlet med ekonomisk tillvÀxt behöver takten i resurseffektiviseringen öka med en faktor mellan 1,8 och 2,7, beroende pÄ hur stora skiftena till mindre materialintensiva konsumtions- och handelsmönster Àr. Mer forsknings behövs för att undersöka huruvida en sÄ snabb resurseffektiviseringstakt Àr realistisk, men resultaten visar att nervÀxt kan vara ett alternativ

    Commercial film: InstantPlanner

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    Denna rapport Ă€r en genomgĂ„ng av arbetet med produktionen av en reklamfilm Ă„t företaget Configura Systems AB. Arbetet startade med inledande möten med företaget samt utbildning i den programvara som reklamfilmen sedan skulle göras för. Utförandedelen av rapporten förklarar hur de olika scenerna i filmen Ă€r uppbyggda rent bildligt samt att det finns en genomgĂ„ng av de olika tekniska metoder och programvaror som vi anvĂ€nt oss av i skapandet av filmen. Vidare beskrivs tankebanorna i de olika scenerna för att fĂ„ tittaren och en potentiell InstantPlanner kund att hĂ„lla fokus pĂ„ filmen. Det finns Ă€ven med en del om hur kontakten med en röstlĂ€ggare frĂ„n England som har lagt allt röstmaterial pĂ„ filmen gick till. I diskussionsdelen tas olika frĂ„gor och val som eventuellt skulle kunna ha gjorts annorlunda upp. DĂ€r tas ocksĂ„ de problem som har uppkommit lĂ€ngs vĂ€gen upp, samt lösningarna, stora som smĂ„, och vad som skulle kunna förenkla liknande arbeten i framtiden. Bland bilagorna sĂ„ finns den röstlĂ€ggartext som skickades för inspelning samt det första (version.01) och det senaste (version.06) storyboardet.This report is a walkthrough of our work with the production of a commercial film for Configura Systems AB. It covers all of the work, from the opening meetings with the company and the education recieved in the software that we later would do the commercial for. We explain how the different scenes are built figuratively speaking, and we go through some of the technical methods and software’s we have used. We describe our thoughts about the different scenes and how we want the viewer to react and be affected by the commercial to become a potential future customer. We also have a part with how we contacted a professional voiceover from England and got him to provide all the voice material for the commercial. In the discussion part, we think of things that we could have done different. We also have encountered some problems during the work, and we go through them and some of the solutions. As appendixes we have added the speakertext that we sent for recording, and also the first (version.01) and the latest (version.06) of the storyboards
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