Idékatalog för utveckling av ett naturlikt grönområde

Tre högars park är en naturlik park belägen i östra kanten av den skånska staden Lund. Den anlades mellan 1969 och 1973 i samband med att staden expanderade. Idag är den i behov av en upprustning och utveckling för att bli en mer välkomnande och upplevelserik park. Inom detta examensarbete har olika platsanalyser gjorts i parken. Dessa har visat på styrkor och svagheter i form av kvaliteter så som en mogen karaktär, fina utsikter och ett intressant djurliv, men också brister så som ett ensartat och förvuxet intryck bland planteringarna samt trasig och bristfällig utrustning. Analyserna, tillsammans med inspiration från både litteratur och referensplatser, har legat till grund för olika idéer och förslag på utveckling av parken. För att få en uppfattning av vilka av förslagen som skulle vara mest lämpade för implementering i parken, skickades de ut till en referensgrupp bestående av både brukare och kommunrepresentanter. Deras åsikter har gett en bild av hur genomförbara och uppskattade förslagen är. De har också i lett till en modifiering av vissa förslag. Referensgruppens synpunkter och kommentarer har, tillsammans med de identifierade behoven i parken, sedan motiverat en prioritering av förslagen. Som exempel på utvecklingsidéer kan nämnas att öka den biologiska mångfalden, utveckla bestånden för ett mer varierat uttryck, anlägga en naturlekplats, föra dit grillplatser samt en hundrastgård. Förhoppningsvis kommer detta examensarbete att kunna användas som inspiration för den av kommunen planerade upprustningen av parken. Idékatalogen kan kanske också inspirera arbetet i andra projekt av liknande karaktär.Tre högars park is a nature like park located in the eastern edge of Lund, a town in Scania. It was built between 1969 and 1973, when the town expanded. Today it is in need of a renovation and development to become a more welcoming and rich park. In this thesis have different location analyzes been made in the park. These have demonstrated the strengths and weaknesses in terms of qualities such as a mature character, great views and an interesting wildlife, but also shortcomings such as a uniformly and overgrown impression among the plantations and broken and defective equipment. Along with inspiration from both literary and reference sites, has these analyzes been the basis of different ideas and suggestions for the development of the park. To get an idea of which of the proposals that would be most suitable for implementation in the park, they were sent to a reference group consisting of both users and community representatives. Their views have given a picture of how feasible and valuable the proposals are and also led to a modification of some proposals. The view’s and comments of the reference group, along with the identified needs in the park, gave grounds for a prioritization of the proposals. Some examples of development ideas are to increase biodiversity, develop plantations for a more varied expression, construct a nature inspired playground, add barbecue sites and a dog yard. Hopefully this thesis to be used as inspiration for the municipality of planned renovation of the park. The catalog of ideas might also inspire the work in other projects of similar kind

Reassessing the temporal evolution of orchids with new fossils and a Bayesian relaxed clock, with implications for the diversification of the rare South American genus Hoffmannseggella (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae)

BACKGROUND: The temporal origin and diversification of orchids (family Orchidaceae) has been subject to intense debate in the last decade. The description of the first reliable fossil in 2007 enabled a direct calibration of the orchid phylogeny, but little attention has been paid to the potential influence of dating methodology in obtaining reliable age estimates. Moreover, two new orchid fossils described in 2009 have not yet been incorporated in a molecular dating analysis. Here we compare the ages of major orchid clades estimated under two widely used methods, a Bayesian relaxed clock implemented in BEAST and Penalized Likelihood implemented in r8s. We then perform a new family-level analysis by integrating all 3 available fossils and using BEAST. To evaluate how the newly estimated ages may influence the evolutionary interpretation of a species-level phylogeny, we assess divergence times for the South American genus Hoffmannseggella (subfam. Epidendroideae), for which we present an almost complete phylogeny (40 out of 41 species sampled). RESULTS: Our results provide additional support that all extant orchids shared a most recent common ancestor in the Late Cretaceous (approximately 77 million years ago, Ma). However, we estimate the crown age of the five orchid subfamilies to be generally (approximately1-8 Ma) younger than previously calculated under the Penalized Likelihood algorithm and using a single internal fossil calibration. The crown age of Hoffmannseggella is estimated here at approximately 11 Ma, some 3 Ma more recently than estimated under Penalized Likelihood. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to recent suggestions that orchid diversification began in a period of global warming, our results place the onset of diversification of the largest orchid subfamilies (Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae) in a period of global cooling subsequent to the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum. The diversification of Hoffmannseggella appears even more correlated to late Tertiary climatic fluctuations than previously suggested. With the incorporation of new fossils in the orchid phylogeny and the use of a method that is arguably more adequate given the present data, our results represent the most up-to-date estimate of divergence times in orchids

What can cold-induced transcriptomes of Arctic Brassicaceae tell us about the evolution of cold tolerance?

publishedVersio

A study of Lundellska skolan : energy survey with suggestions for increased efficiency and sizing of PV systems at a secondary school

Lundellska skolan Skrapan is an upper secondary school located in the Ulleråaker district in Uppsala, Sweden. The building was completed in 1986 and houses approximately 1150 students and a staff of 148 members. Obtained by Skolfastigheter AB by the end of the year of 2016, the company initiated a planning phase for a renovation. Together with STUNS (the foundation for collaboration between Uppsala's universities, enterprises and society) a project aimed at assessing which effciency measures would be best suited for implementation, considering sustainability and affordability, was started. The main components being energy mapping, compiling possible energy effciency measures, creating a model of and simulating the building's use of energy, as well as suggesting an appropriately dimensioned photovoltaic system for the facility. The feld of building integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPV) was examined to be able to present a perspective of the possibilities other than a roof based building applied system, should Skolfastigheter AB plan to construct a new school dining hall. The building's total energy consumption consisted of 894 MWh in district heating and 580 MWh from use of electricity. By introducing lighting-, ventilation- and comfort cooling control systems, as well as replacing old windows, the buildings energy consumption could be reduced to 712 MWh, a reduction of 764 MWh/year. Which would bring the building below the requirements the Swedish national board of housing and planning (boverket) has set as a standard for newly constructed buildings. The scale of the photovoltaic system was based upon two parameters, matching the building's needs while at the same time keeping the payback period as short as possible. The optimal solution was found to be spreading the photovoltaic system across three available south sloping roofs would, accruing a total effect of 61 kWp.Lundellska skolan Skrapan is an upper secondary school located in the Ulleråker district in Uppsala, Sweden. The building was completed in 1986 and houses approximately 1150 students and a staff of 148 members. Obtained by Skolfastigheter AB by the end of the year of 2016, the company initiated a planning phase for a renovation. Together with STUNS (the foundation for collaboration between Uppsala's universities, enterprises and society) a project aimed at assessing which efficiency measures would be best suited for implementation, considering sustainability and affordability, was started. The main components being energy mapping, compiling possible energy efficiency measures, creating a model of and simulating the building's use of energy, as well as suggesting an appropriately dimensioned photovoltaic system for the facility. The field of building integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPV) was examined to be able to present a perspective of the possibilities other than a roof based building applied system, should Skolfastigheter AB plan to construct a new school dining hall. The building's total energy consumption consisted of 894 MWh in district heating and 580 MWh from use of electricity. By introducing lighting-, ventilation- and comfort cooling control systems, as well as replacing old windows, the buildings energy consumption could be reduced to 712 MWh, a reduction of 764 MWh/year. Which would bring the building below the requirements the Swedish national board of housing and planning (boverket) has set as a standard for newly constructed buildings. The scale of the photovoltaic system was based upon two parameters, matching the building's needs while at the same time keeping the payback period as short as possible. The optimal solution was found to be spreading the photovoltaic system across three available south sloping roofs would, accruing a total effect of 61 kWp

A Guide to Carrying Out a Phylogenomic Target Sequence Capture Project

High-throughput DNA sequencing techniques enable time- and cost-effective sequencing of large portions of the genome. Instead of sequencing and annotating whole genomes, many phylogenetic studies focus sequencing effort on large sets of pre-selected loci, which further reduces costs and bioinformatic challenges while increasing coverage. One common approach that enriches loci before sequencing is often referred to as target sequence capture. This technique has been shown to be applicable to phylogenetic studies of greatly varying evolutionary depth. Moreover, it has proven to produce powerful, large multi-locus DNA sequence datasets suitable for phylogenetic analyses. However, target capture requires careful considerations, which may greatly affect the success of experiments. Here we provide a simple flowchart for designing phylogenomic target capture experiments. We discuss necessary decisions from the identification of target loci to the final bioinformatic processing of sequence data. We outline challenges and solutions related to the taxonomic scope, sample quality, and available genomic resources of target capture projects. We hope this review will serve as a useful roadmap for designing and carrying out successful phylogenetic target capture studies. © Copyright © 2020 Andermann, Torres Jiménez, Matos-Maraví, Batista, Blanco-Pastor, Gustafsson, Kistler, Liberal, Oxelman, Bacon and Antonelli

A Guide to Carrying Out a Phylogenomic Target Sequence Capture Project

High-throughput DNA sequencing techniques enable time- and cost-effective sequencing of large portions of the genome. Instead of sequencing and annotating whole genomes, many phylogenetic studies focus sequencing effort on large sets of pre-selected loci, which further reduces costs and bioinformatic challenges while increasing coverage. One common approach that enriches loci before sequencing is often referred to as target sequence capture. This technique has been shown to be applicable to phylogenetic studies of greatly varying evolutionary depth. Moreover, it has proven to produce powerful, large multi-locus DNA sequence datasets suitable for phylogenetic analyses. However, target capture requires careful considerations, which may greatly affect the success of experiments. Here we provide a simple flowchart for designing phylogenomic target capture experiments. We discuss necessary decisions from the identification of target loci to the final bioinformatic processing of sequence data. We outline challenges and solutions related to the taxonomic scope, sample quality, and available genomic resources of target capture projects. We hope this review will serve as a useful roadmap for designing and carrying out successful phylogenetic target capture studies. © Copyright © 2020 Andermann, Torres Jiménez, Matos-Maraví, Batista, Blanco-Pastor, Gustafsson, Kistler, Liberal, Oxelman, Bacon and Antonelli

A Guide to Carrying Out a Phylogenomic Target Sequence Capture Project

High-throughput DNA sequencing techniques enable time- and cost-effective sequencing of large portions of the genome. Instead of sequencing and annotating whole genomes, many phylogenetic studies focus sequencing effort on large sets of pre-selected loci, which further reduces costs and bioinformatic challenges while increasing coverage. One common approach that enriches loci before sequencing is often referred to as target sequence capture. This technique has been shown to be applicable to phylogenetic studies of greatly varying evolutionary depth. Moreover, it has proven to produce powerful, large multi-locus DNA sequence datasets suitable for phylogenetic analyses. However, target capture requires careful considerations, which may greatly affect the success of experiments. Here we provide a simple flowchart for designing phylogenomic target capture experiments. We discuss necessary decisions from the identification of target loci to the final bioinformatic processing of sequence data. We outline challenges and solutions related to the taxonomic scope, sample quality, and available genomic resources of target capture projects. We hope this review will serve as a useful roadmap for designing and carrying out successful phylogenetic target capture studies. © Copyright © 2020 Andermann, Torres Jiménez, Matos-Maraví, Batista, Blanco-Pastor, Gustafsson, Kistler, Liberal, Oxelman, Bacon and Antonelli

Speciation in arctic and alpine diploid plants

The main objectives of this thesis are to study patterns and processes of plant speciation in arctic and alpine diploid plants. Cryptic species are here referred to as morphologically similar individuals belonging to the same taxonomic species but that are unable to produce fertile offspring (i.e. 'sibling' species). The arctic flora is considered as one of the most species-poor floras of the world, and the latitudinal gradient with decreasing diversity from low to high latitudes is likely the oldest recognised pattern in ecology. However, these estimates are usually based on morphological differentiation into taxonomically recognizable species and may not provide accurate numbers of biological species. Previous intraspecific crossing experiments in three diploid circumpolar species of Draba (Brassicaceae) revealed the presence of numerous cryptic biological species within each taxonomic species. The present study expands the knowledge based on these previously published results and suggests that frequent formation of cryptic biological species may be a general pattern in the arctic flora. Intraspecific crossing experiments including several distantly related circumpolar diploid plant species revealed that intrinsic postzygotic isolation has developed multiple times, even at small geographical scales. This was shown for all five selfing species investigated, whereas crosses within one outcrossing species generated fully fertile F1 hybrids. This suggests that a selfing mating system may accelerate the accumulation of hybrid incompatibilities. The barriers have in addition developed very rapidly, apparently within a few millennia, suggesting that speciation rates are unexpectedly high in the arctic flora. Cryptic biological species, although not yet recognisable morphologically, are thought to represent starting points for new evolutionary lineages that given sufficient time may develop into full-fledged new taxa. Other factors may thus account for the low diversity of the contemporary arctic flora in terms of taxonomic species. It is likely that high extinction rates rather than low speciation rates have played an important role in shaping the extent diversity in the arctic flora, possibly associated with climatic shifts during the Pleistocene glacial cycles. The genetic mechanisms involved in the build-up of reproductive isolation are of central importance in understanding the evolution of new species. This thesis presents further insights into the mechanisms underlying reproductive isolation in Draba nivalis (Brassicaceae) – a small, circumpolar, predominantly selfing diploid herb that demonstrates numerous cryptic biological speciation events. By performing genetic linkage mapping and searching for quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with reproductive isolation more knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the evolution of intrinsic postzygotic reproduction in this system has been gathered. The linkage map was produced by combining both codominant and dominant markers and resolved eight linkage groups that most likely correspond to the eight chromosomes of D. nivalis. Observed patterns of inheritance were consistent with the influence of both nuclear-nuclear interactions and chromosomal changes. In particular, all seed set QTLs and one pollen fertility QTL displayed underdominant effects, matching expectations of chromosomal speciation models. Theory struggles to account for the establishment of large and strongly underdominant chromosomal translocations. Draba nivalis may however be an exception as a selfing mating system, is conducive for the establishment of chromosomal rearrangements through genetic drift. Overall this study confirms that multiple genetic mechanisms are involved in the build-up of reproductive isolation in D. nivalis, suggesting the involvement of both nuclear-nuclear interactions and structural chromosomal changes. As plants are sessile organisms, they depend largely on adapting to locally changing climatic conditions such as temperature, aridity, and day length. Natural selection acting on traits that respond to such changes has likely played an important role in the evolution of plants. Climatic cycles of the Pleistocene caused drastic changes to species’ ranges. For example, the Japanese alpine endemic plant Cardamine nipponica (Brassicaceae) probably diverged into northern and central populations during the Pleistocene climatic oscillations. The northern and central populations present highly diverged alleles of a particular photoreceptor gene phytochrome E (PHYE). Phytochromes such as PHYE monitor the surrounding light environment, and likely play an important role in the regulation of plant life cycles. The present study infers the evolutionary history of the PHYE in C. nipponica and its close relatives using maximum likelihood models. The resulting genealogical relationship suggested that standing genetic variation of PHYE, which diverged under positive selection prior to speciation, resulted in the selective differentiation between the northern and central Japanese populations of C. nipponica. This further suggests the importance of standing genetic variation in regard to quick responses to climatic changes. List of papers. The papers are removed from the thesis due to publisher restrictions. I. A. Lovisa S. Gustafsson, Galina Gussarova, Liv Borgen, Hajime Ikeda, Jan Suda, Loren H. Rieseberg, Christian Brochmann. High speciation rates in arctic plants. Manuscript. II. A. Lovisa S. Gustafsson, Inger Skrede, Heather C. Rowe, Galina Gussarova, Liv Borgen, Loren H. Rieseberg, Christian Brochmann, Christian Parisod. Genetics of cryptic speciation within an arctic mustard, Draba nivalis. Submitted. III. Hajime Ikeda, A. Lovisa S. Gustafsson, Christian Brochmann, Hiroaki Setoguchi. Pre-speciation origin of selective divergence and balancing selection in a plant photoreceptor gene, phytochrome E. Submitted

Effektbehov i Västerås 2030 till följd av elektrifiering av tung trafik

According to the climate goal set by the Swedish government Sweden will have no net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2045 (with a subgoal of decreasing) emissions from domestic transportation by 70% before 2030, compared to 2010. Because of this the vehicle fleet is being electrified and according to a prediction made by Fossilfritt Sverige 16% of the heavy vehicle fleet will be electrified by 2030. However, the electrical grid has a capacity shortage in many cities in Sweden and it will be a challenge to provide the required power. Västerås is one of those cities.    The goal of this study is to investigate the necessary electrical power in Västerås to charge city busses and freight transports in 2030, as well as look at actions that could lower the power demand. Nine places were important for charging: two depots, two public charging stations and five regions for commerce and industry, where vehicles will fast charge during loading and unloading of wares. The vehicles are predicted to stay at the loading dock for ten minutes, while they will stay in the depot and charging station for eight hours. A model created in Python was used for all nine places, as well as the bus depot, where arrival, departure and state of charge were given as input. The model then showed the power required for charging all vehicles. Load shifting was used in the depots and charging stations, and energy storages were used at the loading docks, to lower the power demand.  The result of this study shows that with direct charging of heavy vehicles 12 MW will be needed, and with load shifting and energy storages implemented the power demand would be halved.

Organizational Learningin a Non-profit setting : A study of Continuity and Transferof knowledge within UppsalaStudent Union

This is a case study, within the field of Education and Human Resource Development. The subject is handover in a non-profit organization. The organization studied is the Uppsala Student Union (US). US is a politically run Non-profit organization (NGO), with the objective to work for better study- and living conditions of the 35 000 students at Uppsala University, Sweden, who are its members. Four people active within US have been interviewed, and the empiric material has been analyzed mainly based on the theories of Organizational Learning and Continuity Management. Some other theories are presented as well, as an orientation with relation to handover in organizations and organizational development. The questions asked are: 1. How is transfer of knowledge perceived in US – as a significant problem, a small problem or no problem at all? 2. If transfer of knowledge is perceived as a problem, what are thought to be the causes? 3. In US, as a NGO, how is handover managed? Which problems arise with respect to handover? 4. What else of interest and relevance can be found? The answers are: 1. A small problem. Transfer of knowledge is much thought of, but there are problems which are viewed as more important. 2. The causes for problems with handover are mainly referred to a heavy workload for the actives, high turnover and insufficient handover routines. 3. Routines for handover is a well integrated part of the work at US. And the conditions in terms of resources are good compared to other student unions. Some problems still arise, and a selection of these are presented in the study. 4. Additional findings have been defined under the following headlines: Representation on Boards – an area for improvement Changing the roles On Actives-mentality (Swe. föreningsmänniskor) Effective policy making Students as active