Energiväven : a project in temporary landscape architecture

Städer är i ständig förändring och övergången från industrisamhälle till kunskapssamhälle medför en omstrukturering av stadens ytor. Postindustriella landskap uppstår centralt i städerna och med den urbanisering som sker idag tas de ofta i anspråk med syftet att skapa nya attraktiva stadsdelar. En lyckad stadsutveckling handlar dock om mer än bara fysiska förändringar. Även om alla fysiska förutsättningar är på plats måste det finnas liv i området för att göra det attraktivt. I detta examensarbete studeras begreppet tillfällig landskapsarkitektur och dess betydelse inom stadsplanering. Syftet är att undersöka om tillfällig landskapsarkitektur kan vara ett sätt att uppmärksamma ett utvecklingsområde och göra det attraktivt innan byggprocessen dragit igång. Arbetet är indelat i två delar. Den första delen består av en litteraturundersökning samt en studieresa och den andra delen beskriver skapandet av en tillfällig installation i det gamla industriområdet Östra Saltängen i Norrköping. Tillfällig landskapsarkitektur är projekt som har en tydlig start och ett bestämt slut. Tiden används som designmetod vilket skapar andra förutsättningar än projekt utan tidsbegränsning. Tillfälliga aktiviteter har ökat den senaste tiden då postindustriella ytor centralt i städerna skapar tillåtande miljöer för dem att äga rum. I Danmark används tillfälliga projekt som katalysatorer för att skapa liv i nya stadsdelar. De kan ge stadens invånare en chans att återupptäcka en plats och skapa ett större engagemang för utvecklingen av området. Industriområdet Östra Saltängen i Norrköping ska omvandlas till en ny attraktiv stadsdel. Området ligger i periferin av innerstaden men med närhet till centrum. Mitt i Östra Saltängen finns en tomt, Gamla gasverket, där Norrköpings gasverk tidigare legat. Där finns starka kulturhistoriska spår i form av karakteristiska tegelbyggnader och en asfalterad cirkel där en av gasklockorna stått. Där finns också en grönyta med stora träd som kontrasterar mot den hårda industrimiljön. Denna plats valdes ut för vårt tillfälligt projekt. De historiska spåren på platsen inspirerade oss till idén för en installation som fick namnet Energiväven. Idén grundar sig i platsens historia som viktig energikälla i Norrköping och vi ville bevara och förstärka den historiska identiteten. Samtidigt ville vi ge folk en möjlighet att se platsen ur ett nytt perspektiv. Vi kom fram till att platsens nuvarande energi finns i träden och i människorna som besöker området och vi skissade på ideér kring hur den energin kunde förstärkas. Vi skapades en installation med trådar som drogs från träden och samlades i en konstruktion på den asfalterade cirkeln. Installationen var interaktiv och uppmanade besökare att fortsätta binda trådar i konstruktionen. Besökarna bidrog på så sätt med sin energi på platsen och tillsammans utgjorde trådarna en väv av energi som lagrades i den forna gasklockan. För att locka folk ut till området skapades en röd tråd som ledde folk från ett populärt gångstråk i centrum och vidare ut till Gamla gasverket. Installationen stod uppe under fyra dagar i maj och det kom 129 besökare. Genom samtal med besökarna och lappar med skrivna kommentarer fångade vi upp folks upplevelser av installationen. Många kommentarer var positiva och de mest förekommande orden var roligt, spännande, nytänkande och kreativt. Flera personer påpekade att de aldrig varit på platsen förut och att de inte skulle kommit dit om inte Energiväven funnits där. Tillfälliga projekt kan fungera som verktyg i stadsutveckling då de skapar en experimentanda och gör städer mer levande. Det krävs dock resurser och mod för att våga kliva lite utanför ramarna. Med Energiväven uppmärksammades Gamla gasverket och folk blev nyfikna på områdets utveckling. Trots att tillfällig landskapsarkitektur är förgänglig kan den ändå ses som en investering för framtiden.Cities are constantly changing and the transition from an industrial society to a knowledge-based society affects the city structure. In the city centres post-industrial landscapes are created and in the process of urbanisation these areas are often rebuilt for the purpose of creating new attractive neighbourhoods. However, a successful urban development means more than just physical changes. Although all physical conditions exists there also need to be life and activity in the area to make it attractive. This master thesis investigates the concept of temporary landscape architecture and its significance in urban planning. The purpose is to examine how temporary landscape architecture can highlight a development area and make it attractive before the construction process starts. The essay is divided into two parts, a theoretical study and a practical part that describe the creation of a temporary installation. Temporary landscape architecture involves projects with a pronounced start and a definite end. Time is used as a design method which gives different prerequisites compared to projects without an end date. One of the main driving forces behind the development of temporary activities is the increase of post-industrial landscapes in cities. Temporary projects can be used as catalysts to give life to such forgotten areas. Östra Saltängen in Norrköping is an industrial area where there are plans to create a new neighbourhood. In the central parts of the district a gas plant previously existed. It supplied Norrköping with energy for many years. At the site Gamla gasverket characteristic brick buildings and a paved circle, where one of the gasometers once stood, are traces from the history and creates a strong historical identity. There is also a green area with trees that contrasts with the harsh industrial environment. The site with its historical background inspired us to the idea of a temporary installation called Energiväven. The concept focuses on the site's history as an important source of energy in Norrköping and aims to preserve and enhance the historical value of the site. It should also give people an opportunity to experience the area from a new perspective. The installation was interactive and encouraged people to contribute to the structure. During four days in late May the installation was opened and it had 129 visitors. Many of them had never been at the site before and their reactions were positive. Temporary projects can serve as a tool in urban development as they create an experimental spirit and makes cities more vibrant. However, it requires courage and resources in these kinds of projects. Energiväven created an attention and a curiosity about the development of Östra Saltängen. Although temporary landscape architecture is perishable, it can nevertheless be seen as a long term investment for the future

International human rights frameworks in relation to national family reunification policy and administrative practice

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The Novel Collagen Matrikine, Endotrophin, is Associated with Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Atherosclerosis

Background: Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques is the major cause of acute cardiovascular events. The biomarker PRO-C6 measuring Endotrophin, a matrikine of collagen type VI, may provide valuable information detecting subjects in need of intensified strategies for secondary prevention. Objective: In this study, we evaluate endotrophin in human atherosclerotic plaques and circulating levels of PRO-C6 in patients with atherosclerosis, to determine the predictive potential of the biomarker. Methods: Sections from the stenotic human carotid plaques were stained with the PRO-C6 antibody. PRO-C6 was measured in serum of patients enrolled in the Carotid Plaque Imagining Project (CPIP) (discovery cohort, n = 577) and the innovative medicines initiative surrogate markers for micro- and macrovascular hard end-points for innovative diabetes tools (IMI-SUMMIT, validation cohort, n = 1,378). Median follow-up was 43 months. Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were performed in the discovery cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis (HR with 95% CI) was used in the discovery cohort and binary logistic regression (OR with 95% CI) in the validation cohort. Results: PRO-C6 was localized in the core and shoulder of the atherosclerotic plaque. In the discovery cohort, PRO-C6 independently predicted future cardiovascular events (HR 1.089 [95% CI 1.019 −1.164], p = 0.01), cardiovascular death (HR 1.118 [95% CI 1.008 −1.241], p = 0.04) and all-cause death (HR 1.087 [95% CI 1.008 −1.172], p = 0.03). In the validation cohort, PRO-C6 predicted future cardiovascular events (OR 1.063 [95% CI 1.011 −1.117], p = 0.017). Conclusion: PRO-C6 is present in the atherosclerotic plaque and associated with future cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality in two large prospective cohorts

Affective Waiting: Experiences of Family Reunification in Sweden

Family reunification is a unique research field currently impacted by shifting policies andattitudes on integration. In Sweden, family connections constitute the largest immigrationcategory, yet the wait for family reunification has not yet been examined within academia.Thus, the aim of this thesis is to explore former asylum seekers’ experiences of waiting forfamily reunification in Sweden. Taking place at all stages of the migratory process, elementswithin waiting include time perception, power relations, expectations, future, hope,uncertainty and activity. Forming the theoretical framework of this thesis, six semi-structuredinterviews with former asylum seekers from Syria are analyzed in relation to waiting andmigration. The findings suggest that waiting stretches across legal statuses and entailsdifferent perceptions of time, differing from the linear bureaucratic model provided by theSwedish Migration Agency. Family reunification is the future goal of the informants’ wait,asylum being a temporal marker on the way there. The wait encompasses a power relation inwhich several actors in Sweden and abroad affect expectations, outcome and duration of thewait. Uncertainty in terms of duration and outcome affect informants’ well-being negatively.With distrust in the procedures of the Swedish Migration Agency, the process is experiencedas unjust, especially when others receive decisions ahead of time. While passivity constitutesparts of the wait, activity in terms of physical action such as going to work and mentalmonitoring of one’s case are present. Finally, waiting for family reunification is a highlyaffective form of waiting entailing emotions and care, influencing the relation to the family inwaiting abroad

Offentliga innovationer och governance : En idéanalys av en offentlig aktörs idé om styrning och organisering för att främja offentliga innovationer

The aim of this thesis has been to describe a public actor’s ideas about governance in relation to enhancing public innovation. Through a qualitative textual idea analysis, using theoretical ideal types of governance, the thesis found that ideas of several modes of governance are co-existing in the studied texts. Moreover, the idea analysis also discerned three general patterns which constitutes possible descriptions of how this hybrid of governance ideas exist. The results support some previous empirical studies also showing that modes of governance are co-existing while public actors aim to enhance public innovation. This indicates that future research should consider the existence of several modes of governance instead of focusing and prescribing only one, which they have tended to do so far. The proposed descriptions should moreover be considered as a first step of depicting how a hybrid of ideas of governance can appear when a public actor steers and organises the public sector in order to enhance public innovation – a first step that ought to be followed up by futures studies

Offentliga innovationer och governance : En idéanalys av en offentlig aktörs idé om styrning och organisering för att främja offentliga innovationer

The aim of this thesis has been to describe a public actor’s ideas about governance in relation to enhancing public innovation. Through a qualitative textual idea analysis, using theoretical ideal types of governance, the thesis found that ideas of several modes of governance are co-existing in the studied texts. Moreover, the idea analysis also discerned three general patterns which constitutes possible descriptions of how this hybrid of governance ideas exist. The results support some previous empirical studies also showing that modes of governance are co-existing while public actors aim to enhance public innovation. This indicates that future research should consider the existence of several modes of governance instead of focusing and prescribing only one, which they have tended to do so far. The proposed descriptions should moreover be considered as a first step of depicting how a hybrid of ideas of governance can appear when a public actor steers and organises the public sector in order to enhance public innovation – a first step that ought to be followed up by futures studies

The digital classroom : A systematic literature study of the use of digital tools in middle school writing education

Syftet med den här studien är att ge en överblick av den forskning som gjorts om digitala verktyg i anknytning till skrivundervisning i mellanstadiet. Studien är en systematisk litteraturstudie som undersöker vilka digitala verktyg som inkluderas i skrivundervisning och vilka fördelar och nackdelar dessa har. Multimodala digitala verktyg är vanligt att inkludera i undervisningen enligt forskningen men även traditionella skrivprogram med inbyggd rättstavning. De multimodala digitala verktygen motiverar elever till att skriva och gör det möjligt för dem att knyta skrivprocessen till sina egna intressen. Rättstavningsprogrammen hjälper elever i skrivprocessen genom att stava rätt till svåra ord. På så sätt flyter skrivandet på lättare utan att elever fastnar vid stavningen. Rättstavningen kan även bli ett hinder i elevers skrivutveckling. Ibland sker felrättningar av ord som kan skapa förvirring. Digitala verktyg kan ibland bli ett hinder för elever i skolan då datorspel och sociala medier är mer intressant för dem än skolarbetet. Det är därför viktigt att inkludera digitala verktyg på ett eller annat sätt i undervisningen för att motivera eleverna. Digitala verktyg som påminner om datorspel eller sociala medier som elever håller på med på fritiden visar forskningen är motiverande för eleverna. Detta påverkar deras skrivutveckling till det bättre. Det viktigaste enligt forskningen är däremot att lärare besitter den digitala kompetens som krävs för att undervisa med hjälp av digitala verktyg

Collectivity in waiting : transnational experiences in Swedish family reunification [Kollektivitet i väntan: transnationella erfarenheter inom svensk familjeåterförening]

Despite notable bodies of literature on waiting in migration, on the importance of families in migrants' decision-making and on transnational family life, the intersection of waiting as a collective experience remains largely unexplored. This study explores the added value of a collective lens on waiting through the case of family reunification in Sweden. With a qualitative method including semi-structured joint interviews, three couples' reunification experiences depict waiting within student migration, refugee migration, for Swedish citizens and their respective partners. The interviews were chosen from a larger research material and analysed thematically with concepts from transnational family studies. Together, they show that collectivity may expand our understanding of waiting. As conditioned by Swedish welfare state, families' caregiving practices were affected by prolonged waiting caused by parallel bureaucratic processes, while uncertain time frames and maintenance requirements undermined the couples' own ability to plan, prompting both activity and passivity among those in waiting. As a lived experience, collectivity added mutual commitment, delegation of care, emotional support, and care practices as important roles in waiting.Trots en betydande mängd litteratur om väntan i migration, om familjens betydelse för beslutet att migrera och om transnationellt familjeliv är mötet mellan de tre, väntan som en kollektiv upplevelse, till stor del outforskad. Denna studie undersöker vad ett kollektivt perspektiv på väntan kan tillföra genom att titta på familjeåterförening till Sverige. Genom en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade parintervjuer skildras tre pars erfarenheter av väntan på återförening inom studentinvandring, flyktinginvandring, för svenska medborgare och deras respektive partners. Intervjuerna valdes ur ett större forskningsmaterial och analyserades tematiskt med begrepp ur transnationella familjestudier. Tillsammans visar de att kollektivitet kan bredda vår förståelse av väntan. Familjernas omsorgspraktiker påverkades av den utdragna väntan, orsakad av parallella byråkratiska processer som villkorades av den svenska välfärdsstaten. Samtidigt underminerade osäkra tidsangivelser och försörjningskrav parens egen förmåga att planera. Detta ledde både till aktivitet och passivitet bland de väntande. Som levd erfarenhet synliggjorde kollektivitet ömsesidiga förpliktelser, delegation av omsorg, känslomässigt stöd och omsorgsarbete som viktiga komponenter i väntan.

Affective Waiting: Experiences of Family Reunification in Sweden

Family reunification is a unique research field currently impacted by shifting policies andattitudes on integration. In Sweden, family connections constitute the largest immigrationcategory, yet the wait for family reunification has not yet been examined within academia.Thus, the aim of this thesis is to explore former asylum seekers’ experiences of waiting forfamily reunification in Sweden. Taking place at all stages of the migratory process, elementswithin waiting include time perception, power relations, expectations, future, hope,uncertainty and activity. Forming the theoretical framework of this thesis, six semi-structuredinterviews with former asylum seekers from Syria are analyzed in relation to waiting andmigration. The findings suggest that waiting stretches across legal statuses and entailsdifferent perceptions of time, differing from the linear bureaucratic model provided by theSwedish Migration Agency. Family reunification is the future goal of the informants’ wait,asylum being a temporal marker on the way there. The wait encompasses a power relation inwhich several actors in Sweden and abroad affect expectations, outcome and duration of thewait. Uncertainty in terms of duration and outcome affect informants’ well-being negatively.With distrust in the procedures of the Swedish Migration Agency, the process is experiencedas unjust, especially when others receive decisions ahead of time. While passivity constitutesparts of the wait, activity in terms of physical action such as going to work and mentalmonitoring of one’s case are present. Finally, waiting for family reunification is a highlyaffective form of waiting entailing emotions and care, influencing the relation to the family inwaiting abroad

Affective Waiting: Experiences of Family Reunification in Sweden

Family reunification is a unique research field currently impacted by shifting policies and attitudes on integration. In Sweden, family connections constitute the largest immigration category, yet the wait for family reunification has not yet been examined within academia. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to explore former asylum seekers’ experiences of waiting for family reunification in Sweden. Taking place at all stages of the migratory process, elements within waiting include time perception, power relations, expectations, future, hope, uncertainty and activity. Forming the theoretical framework of this thesis, six semi-structured interviews with former asylum seekers from Syria are analyzed in relation to waiting and migration. The findings suggest that waiting stretches across legal statuses and entails different perceptions of time, differing from the linear bureaucratic model provided by the Swedish Migration Agency. Family reunification is the future goal of the informants’ wait, asylum being a temporal marker on the way there. The wait encompasses a power relation in which several actors in Sweden and abroad affect expectations, outcome and duration of the wait. Uncertainty in terms of duration and outcome affect informants’ well-being negatively. With distrust in the procedures of the Swedish Migration Agency, the process is experienced as unjust, especially when others receive decisions ahead of time. While passivity constitutes parts of the wait, activity in terms of physical action such as going to work and mental monitoring of one’s case are present. Finally, waiting for family reunification is a highly affective form of waiting entailing emotions and care, influencing the relation to the family in waiting abroad