The Pope’s Misspeak, or on Observance of the Council Rules in Medieval Crimea

Introduction. In the papal bulls concerning the establishing of the bishopric of Cherson and the metropolis of Vosporo in 1333, a specific point is made on erecting these towns from the status of locus to that of civitas and metropolis, contravening their status in the hierarchy of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Methods and materials. In order to understand what had formed the legal basis for establishing the Catholic hierarchy, documents of the Constantinople Patriarchate are attracted. Analysis. The Greek archbishoprics of Cherson and Vosporo are mentioned in the lists of bishoprics of Notitiae episcopatuum and in the acts of the Constantinople Patriarchate. However, by 1333, both of the archbishoprics suffered difficulties: an archbishop of Cherson had not been mentioned in the acts since 1280, as his archbishopric dropped out of the main list of the Notitiae episcopatuum under the reign of the emperor Andronicus II Palaiologos. The metropolis of Vosporo had not been mentioned in documents since the middle of the 13th century. Thus, Pope John XXII chose the right time to substitute vacant sees by Latin bishops. The pope, however, paid much attention to observing the canonical borders of the Patriarchate of Constantinople as set by Rule 28 of the Chalcedonian Council. Results. The attention paid by the Roman pontiffs to observing council rules helps us to correct the perception of parallel church hierarchies coexisting in the Black Sea Region in the 14th – 15th centuries. The presenting of bishops with the same titles, even of different confessions, was not considered normal and was understood as a schism to be overcome. Similar game rules may be traced to the examples of other sees of the North Pontic Region, as Sugdaia and Phoulloi, Solchat and Zichia

Hierarchy of the Sacral Spaces of the Temple of the Virgin Mary in Sudak Fortress

The temple referred to as the Temple of the Virgin Mary in Sudak Fortress, discovered during the expedition by I.A. Baranov in 1981, remains an understudied monument of the Western church architecture in the Crimea. The layout of the building, not typical for Greek temples, and a tombstone with a Latin inscription discovered in the nave, have allowed to unambiguously identify the building as a Roman Catholic church. A comparison of the architecture of the Temple of the Virgin Mary with reference Italian temples of mendicant orders suggests that the temple reproduces in a simplified form the principles of Franciscan and Dominican architecture. The rectangular apsis and the presence of three entrances to the temple building in its western, central and eastern parts indicate the tripartite division of the temple characteristic of mendicant orders. As the vast majority of the clergy in the Crimea and the Golden Horde in the 13th–15th centuries were monastic mendicant orders, the adherence of the customers to the principles borrowed from Italian practice appears reasonable

Using antocyanian molecules contained in red beet as an acid-base indicator

The purpose of the study is to prove the possibility of using anthocyanin molecules as acid-base indicators.Цель исследования – доказать возможность использования молекул антоцианового ряда в качестве кислотно- основных индикаторов

LED backlight designs with the flow-line method

An LED backlight has been designed using the flow-line design method. This method allows a very efficient control of the light extraction. The light is confined inside the guide by total internal reflection, being extracted only by specially calculated surfaces: the ejectors. Backlight designs presented here have a total optical efficiency of up to 80% (including Fresnel and absorption losses) with an FWHM below 30 degrees. The experimental results of the first prototype are shown

Diversity of immunoglobulin light chain genes in non-teleost ray-finned fish uncovers IgL subdivision into five ancient isotypes

<p>The aim of this study was to fill important gaps in the evolutionary history of immunoglobulins by examining the structure and diversity of IgL genes in non-teleost ray-finned fish. First, based on the bioinformatic analysis of recent transcriptomic and genomic resources, we experimentally characterized the IgL genes in the chondrostean fish, Acipenser ruthenus (sterlet). We show that this species has three loci encoding IgL kappa-like chains with a translocon-type gene organization and a single VJC cluster, encoding homogeneous lambda-like light chain. In addition, sterlet possesses sigma-like VL and J-CL genes, which are transcribed separately and both encode protein products with cleavable leader peptides. The Acipenseriformes IgL dataset was extended by the sequences mined in the databases of species belonging to other non-teleost lineages of ray-finned fish: Holostei and Polypteriformes. Inclusion of these new data into phylogenetic analysis showed a clear subdivision of IgL chains into five groups. The isotype described previously as the teleostean IgL lambda turned out to be a kappa and lambda chain paralog that emerged before the radiation of ray-finned fish. We designate this isotype as lambda-2. The phylogeny also showed that sigma-2 IgL chains initially regarded as specific for cartilaginous fish are present in holosteans, polypterids, and even in turtles. We conclude that there were five ancient IgL isotypes, which evolved differentially in various lineages of jawed vertebrates.</p

Distribution of Iron Nanoparticles in Arrays of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Funding Information: This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund Project No. 1.1.1.1/19/A/139 and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, No. 121031700314-5, for supporting the XPS and NEXAFS measurements. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.Arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are anisotropic nanomaterials possessing a high length-to-diameter aspect ratio, channels passing through the array, and mechanical strength along with flexibility. The arrays are produced in one step using aerosol-assisted catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD), where a mixture of carbon and metal sources is fed into the hot zone of the reactor. Metal nanoparticles catalyze the growth of CNTs and, during synthesis, are partially captured into the internal cavity of CNTs. In this work, we considered various stages of multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) growth on silicon substrates from a ferrocene–toluene mixture and estimated the amount of iron in the array. The study showed that although the mixture of precursors supplies evenly to the reactor, the iron content in the upper part of the array is lower and increases toward the substrate. The size of carbon-encapsulated iron-based nanoparticles is 20–30 nm, and, according to X-ray diffraction data, most of them are iron carbide Fe3C. The reasons for the gradient distribution of iron nanoparticles in MWCNT arrays were considered, and the possibilities of controlling their distribution were evaluated.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Using antocyanian molecules contained in red beet as an acid-base indicator

The purpose of the study is to prove the possibility of using anthocyanin molecules as acid-base indicators.Цель исследования – доказать возможность использования молекул антоцианового ряда в качестве кислотно-основных индикаторов

B cell receptor accessory molecule CD79α : characterisation and expression analysis in a cartilaginous fish, the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)

Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Factors affecting the unfavorable course cardiovascular pathology of copper-smelting shop workers

The article presents an analysis of the factors affecting the course of cardiovascular diseases in workers of the copper-smelting shop engaged in harmful working conditions (class 3.3) in comparison with the control group, which consisted of employees of this enterprise working in acceptable working conditions (class 2)В статье представлен анализ факторов, влияющих на течение сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у рабочих медеплавильного цеха, занятых во вредных условиях труда (класс 3.3) в сравнении с контрольной группой, которую составили работники данного предприятия, работающие в допустимых условиях труда (класс 2)