PEACE ECONOMIC ACROSS CEASEFIRE LINES

It is required the present a case study for the understanding of the impacts of nationalism,globalization and unilaterism on peace theory, practice, tools and research. the case study refers to Peace Economics as defind by the US Institute of Peace, and is entitled Economic Interdependence inCyprus : across ceasefire Lines The objective of this presentation is to present the current state of economic cooperation in Cyprus between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities across the ceasefire lines and the buffer zone patrolled by the UNPeace Keeping force. The European Union on Cyprus Accession in 2004 introduced th Green Line Regulations to encourage interaction between the 2 communities, trade and crossings over the Green Line. hoping that the ese regulations wfacilitate a negotiated settlement of the Cyprus Conflict.For the February conference research will be undertaken to examine trade and movements of people across the Green Line, the problems, and the role of nationalism, unilateralism and Globalization and how they influence interaction across the Green Line, in accordance with the theme of the conference

Productivity of a Portable Winch System Used in Salvage Logging of Storm-Damaged Timber

Bilici, Ebru/0000-0003-0532-0890WOS: 000487966500007Storm damages result in serious losses in many regions, primarily by stem breakage or blow-down. Extraction of storm-damaged trees often requires more difficult than normal skidding activities due to obstacles created during the storm. In this study, the productivity of a portable winch was evaluated as a possible alternative to recover storm-damaged timber. Field measurements were conducted in the Alabarda Forest Enterprise Chief located near the city of Kutahya in western Turkey, where storm damage often occurs during the winter season. The time study was implemented in two slope classes (35% and 55%) and two skidding distances (40 m and 60 m). All timber was skidded uphill. A regression mode was developed that related productivity to log volume, ground slope and skidding distance. The highest percentage of total cycle time was observed for skidding logs to the landing. The highest productivity (3.96 m(3)/hour ) was found at the shorter skidding distance (40 m) and the lower ground slope (35%). Statistical analyses indicated that productivity was most highly affected by log volume, followed by skidding distance and ground slope. Larger log loads increased productivity, while both longer skidding distances and steeper slopes reduced productivity.Bursa Technical University Research Project [PN: BTU 171L15]This research was financially supported by Bursa Technical University Research Project (PN: BTU 171L15)

Modified hair apposition technique as the primary closure method for scalp lacerations

WOS: 000272403400004PubMed ID: 19931749Objective: The aim of this study is to report the usability of our modified hair apposition technique (modHAT) in repairing scalp lacerations. Methods: Data were collected prospectively over a 36-month period regarding our routine repair of scalp lacerations: those in areas with hair I cm or longer were repaired with our modHAT technique (10-15 hairs bundled and twisted with clamps) using cyanoacrylate glue, whereas wounds in areas with hair less than 1 cm long, with irregular wound edges.. or which continued to bleed after pressure, were repaired with sutures or staples. Two days later, a wound check was performed. At least 30 days later, all patients were contacted again by telephone to assess satisfaction with care, preference regarding the method of repair in the future, and occurrence of any complication, infection, or need for additional health care. Results: One hundred two consecutive patients (ages 2-92 years) with scalp lacerations (mean length, 24 mm; range, 4-100 mm) presented for care. Wound closure was accomplished with the modHAT technique in 66%. Sutures were used in 32% and staples in 2% because of baldness/short hair in 6% and continued bleeding after pressure in 28%. Satisfaction in both hair apposition technique and suture groups was high, and no patient sought further health care. Conclusion: Most scalp lacerations can be repaired with the modHAT technique primarily. Care should be taken to apply the glue to the twist of hair only and avoid excess glue running onto the scalp or into the wound. Wider use of this inexpensive, quick technique should be encouraged. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Prospective, randomised, double blind, controlled comparison of metoclopramide and pethidine in the emergency treatment of acute primary vascular and tension type headache episodes

Study objective: To compare analgesic effects of metoclopramide (MTP), pethidine (PET), and combination of metoclopramide-pethidine (M-PET) in the treatment of adult patients with acute primary vascular and tension type headache admitted in the emergency department (ED). Methods: All consecutive adult patients admitted into a university hospital ED in six months with acute vascular and tension type headache were recruited. The patients whose complaints had lasted no longer than seven days were randomised to four groups and thereby received 10 mg MTP intravenously plus placebo intramuscularly (MTP), 10 mg MTP intravenously plus 50 mg PET intramuscularly (M-PET), 50 mg PET intramuscularly plus placebo intravenously (PET); and intramuscular and intravenous placebo (PLC) in a blinded fashion. The patients were asked to report the degree of pain at 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes on visual analogue scale (VAS) and demographic data and any side effects encountered were recorded. Rescue medication was used if required by the patient because of poor pain relief. Results: Data regarding 336 patients meeting inclusion criteria were analysed. Mean VAS values recorded at 45 minutes were significantly higher in PLC group than in others (p = 0.000). When the PLC group was excluded, VAS scores in MTP and M-PET groups were significantly lower than in PET group (p = 0.038). Though unimportant, the incidence of side effects recorded in PET group was found to be significantly higher than in the other groups (p = 0.003). Conclusion: These data suggest that MTP produces more effective analgesia than PET in both vascular and tension type headache in patients with acute primary headache episodes

Rate of metoclopramide infusion affects the severity and incidence of akathisia

Objective: To investigate the effect of the rate of metoclopramide infusion on akathisia incidence, severity, onset of symptoms, and duration in patients with headache, and/or nausea/vomiting in the emergency department (ED) setting. Methods: Prospective, double blind, randomised clinical study comparing two rates of intravenous infusion of metoclopramide over a period of six months at a tertiary university hospital ED. Results: A total of 300 patients presented to the ED met the inclusion criteria: 151 (50.3%) with nausea/vomiting, 108 (36%) with headache, and 41 (13.7%) with headache and nausea/vomiting. Of these, 154 patients (51.3%) were given 10 mg metoclopramide as a slow intravenous infusion over 15 minutes plus placebo (SIG group) and 146 patients were given 10 mg metoclopramide intravenous bolus infusion over two minutes plus placebo (BIG group). Nine of the 154 patients in the SIG group (5.8%) had akathisia compared with 36/146 patients (24.7%) in the BIG group (p<0.001, OR 5.273, 95% CI 2.43 to 11.403). Severe akathisia were observed in 13/45 (28.8%). The incidence of severe akathisia was significantly higher in the BIG group (30.5%; 11/36) than in the SIG group (22.2%; 2/9), p = 0.009. Metoclopramide successfully relieved the presenting symptom(s) of 137/146 (90.8%) and 139/154 (90.2%) patients in the BIG and SIG groups, respectively. Conclusions: This study suggests that slowing the rate of infusion of metoclopramide is an effective strategy for reducing the incidence of akathisia in patients with headache, and/or nausea/vomiting in ED

A comparison of the prophylactic uses of topical mupirocin and nitrofurazone in murine crush contaminated wounds.

OBJECTIVES: This work was conducted to study the prophylactic efficacy of 2 topical antibiotic ointments (mupirocin and nitrofurazone) against wound infection in experimental contaminated crush wounds. METHODS: Male Wistar rats underwent two 2-cm incisions at the back side and randomized into 3 groups--placebo (n = 14), mupirocin (n = 14), and nitrofurazone (n = 14)--and infected with either Staphylococcus aureus or S. pyogenes. All wound edges were crushed for 5 seconds with hemostats to simulate crush injury before inoculation of the microorganisms. Half of the wounds were sutured and the other half left open. These wounds were treated 3 times daily for 6 days with topical mupirocin, nitrofurazone, or petrolatum (as placebo). At the end of 6 days, excisional biopsies were taken from wound edges and histopathologic assessments were made based on neutrophilic infiltration, edema formation, myofibroblastic proliferation, and granulation tissue formation. For the microbiologic assessments, quantitative tissue cultures were made. RESULTS: In S. aureus-inoculated wounds, mupirocin showed higher antibacterial activity against bacterial colonization and reduced infection rates compared to placebo groups. The same effect was observed for the infection rates in S. pyogenes-inoculated wounds. In S. pyogenes-inoculated open wounds, nitrofurazone showed higher antibacterial activity against infection, but this effect was not observed in closed wounds. In S. pyogenes- and S. aureus-infected wounds, mupirocin treatment significantly lowered infection rates compared to nitrofurazone treatment. Histopathologic examination showed higher myofibroblastic proliferation and higher volume of granulation tissue in the nitrofurazone groups compared to the mupirocin groups. CONCLUSION: Topical mupirocin application was effective against crush wound infections inoculated with S. pyogenes and S. aureus. Nitrofurazone provides better granulation tissue formation, but did not effectively prevent bacterial colonization and infection in crush contaminated wounds

A comparison of the prophylactic uses of topical mupirocin and nitrofurazone in murine crush contaminated wounds

Objectives: This work was conducted to study the prophylactic efficacy of 2 topical antibiotic ointments (mupirocin and nitrofurazone) against wound infection in experimental contaminated crush wounds. Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent two 2-cm incisions at the back side and randomized into 3 groups-placebo (n = 14), mupirocin (n = 14), and nitrofurazone (n = 14)-and infected with either Staphylococcus aureus or S pyogenes. All wound edges were crushed for 5 seconds with hemostats to simulate crush injury before inoculation of the microorganisms. Half of the wounds were sutured and the other half left open. These wounds were treated 3 times daily for 6 days with topical mupirocin, nitrofurazone, or petrolatum (as placebo). At the end of 6 days, excisional biopsies were taken from wound edges and histopathologic assessments were made based on neutrophilic infiltration, edema formation, myofibroblastic proliferation, and granulation tissue formation. For the microbiologic assessments, quantitative tissue cultures were made. Results: In S aureus-inoculated wounds, mupirocin showed higher antibacterial activity against bacterial colonization and reduced infection rates compared to placebo groups. The same effect was observed for the infection rates in S pyogenes-inoculated wounds. In S pyogenes-inoculated open wounds, nitrofurazone showed higher antibacterial activity against infection, but this effect was not observed in closed wounds. In S pyogenes- and S aureus-infected wounds, mupirocin treatment significantly lowered infection rates compared to nitrofurazone treatment. Histopathologic examination showed higher myofibroblastic proliferation and higher volume of granulation tissue in the nitrofurazon groups compared to the mupirocin groups. Conclusion: Topical mupirocin application was effective against crush wound infections inoculated with S pyogenes and S aureus. Nitrofurazone provides better granulation tissue formation, but did not effectively prevent bacterial colonization and infection in crush contaminated wounds. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Pulse oximetry in family practice: indications and clinical observations in patients with COPD.

Contains fulltext : 81798.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)PURPOSE: To establish situations in which family physicians (FPs) consider pulse oximetry a valuable addition to their clinical patient assessment; to explore pulse oximetry results (SpO(2)) when used by FPs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); to explore associations between SpO(2) and other markers of COPD severity. METHODS: We performed three separate studies: (i) interviews plus a Delphi consensus procedure with FPs experienced in using pulse oximetry to elucidate indications for pulse oximetry; (ii) analysis of SpO(2) and clinical data in COPD patients who presented to FPs with deteriorating symptoms and (iii) analysis of SpO(2), spirometry and clinical data in patients with stable COPD. RESULTS: Interviewed FPs (n = 11) used their pulse oximeter for a range of acute (14) and non-acute (11) indications but valued it highest in acute (worsening of) dyspnoea, in suspected respiratory insufficiency/failure and in patients with COPD. In 88 patients with deteriorating COPD, 22% showed SpO(2) <or=92%. Correlation between baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 second % predicted and SpO(2) in patients presenting with acute COPD exacerbations was r = 0.55 (P = 0.001). In 207 patients with stable COPD, 6.3% showed SpO(2) values <or=92%. SpO(2) values were associated with Medical Research Council dyspnoea scores (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: FPs report a wide range of indications for pulse oximetry in acute as well as non-acute situations. In COPD, pulse oximetry appears to be especially useful in patients with severe disease and worsening of symptoms. Pulse oximetry may have a role in the monitoring of patients with COPD with exercise-related dyspnoea