Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

The effects of feeding with different levels of zinc and chromium on plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and antioxidant enzymes in rats

This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation and deficiency of dietary chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) and combination of zinc and chromium on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes. A total of 84 male Wistar albino rats were fed rat chow containing different levels of Zn and Cr throughout the 84 days. Blood samples were collected for analysis of Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). TBARS concentrations in rats fed high-Cr diet, high-Zn and Cr diet and low-Zn diet were significantly higher than those determined in the control group (p <= 0.05). CAT activities in rats fed high-Cr diet were significantly higher than those observed in the control group. Cu-Zn SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly higher in rats fed high-Cr diet, high-Zn and Cr diet, low-Zn diet, and low-Zn and Cr diet when compared to the activities found in the controls. These results suggest that trivalent chromium Supplementation increase antioxidant enzymes by enhancement of lipid peroxidation, but Zn Supplementation does not have any effect on lipid peroxidation. Also Zn deficiency resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, SOD and GSH-Px activities because of the oxidative stress caused by zinc deficiency

EFFECT OF THE ANTIOBESITY AGENT GARCINIA CAMBOGIA EXTRACT ON SERUM LIPOPROTEIN (a), APOLIPOPROTEINS A1 AND B, AND TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN FEMALE RATS FED ATHEROGENIC DIET

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the antiobesity agent Garcinia cambogia extract, on serum lipoprotein (a), apolipoproteins A1 (apo A1) and B (apo B), and total cholesterol levels in atherogenic diet fed rats. Thirty female, one year old Sprague-Dawley rats were separated to three equal groups. Group 1 (control group) was fed basal diet (2% liquid vegetable oil, 0% cholesterol). The diets of Groups 2 and 3 contained vegetable oil (2% liquid and 5% hydrogenated) and cholesterol (3%) in high levels. 4.5% (w/w) Garcinia cambogia extract was added to the diet of Group 3 after Day 45 up until the end of trial period. Blood samples were withdrawn on Days 0, 45 and 75. Serum lipoprotein (a), apo B, apo A1 and total cholesterol levels were determined by colorimetric methods. Serum lipoprotein (a) and apolipoprotein B levels were not significantly different between groups throughout the study. Serum apo A1 levels increased (P<0.05) towards the end of the study in Groups 2 and 3. Serum total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in Groups 2 and 3 than in the control group on Days 45 and 75. Garcinia cambogia extract did not have any significant effect on the analysed indices. The rising in serum apo A1 levels in Groups 2 and 3 was surprising, since apo A1 is a primary protein of high density lipoprotein and is protector from atherosclerosis. In conclusion, a %65 HCA containing diet was insufficient to lower atherosclerotic lipoprotein levels. Therefore, a higher dose of Garcinia cambogia extract should be experienced in future studies

Effect of dietary Garcinia cambogia extract on serum lipid profile and serum enzymes in rats fed high-lipid diet

The aim of the study was to investigate the preventive effects of dietary Garcinia cambogia extract on lipid metabolism and serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyle transferase (GGT) in rats fed high-lipid diet. Thirty female, one-year-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used and separated into three equal groups. Group 1 (control group) was fed basal diet (2% liquid vegetable oil, 0% cholesterol), while the diets of both group 2 and 3 contained vegetable oil (2% liquid and 5% hydrogenated vegetable oil) and cholesterol (3%). 4.5% (w/w) Garcinia cambogia extract was added to the diet of group 3 from day 45. Blood samples were withdrawn from all rats on days 0, 45 and 75. Serum levels of total protein, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid were lower in the control group than in the other two groups, and there were no significant differences between these two experimental groups at the end of the study (P<0.05). Serum triglyceride concentrations rose significantly in the Garcinia cambogia-supplemented group (group 3). HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly different between the three groups (P<0.05). The highest levels were in the control group. Serum ALT activities were not significantly different between the groups at the end of the study. Serum AST and GGT activities were significantly lower in the groups 2 and 3 than those in the controls, respectively. Fat feeding caused rising lipid indices in serum, while Garcinia cambogia supplementation to the fatty diet failed to decrease the rise in serum lipid indices in the present dose. The higher doses of Garcinia cambogia extract should be investigated

Effect of Garcinia cambogia extract on body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, and serum non-esterified fatty acids and C-reactive protein levels in rats fed with atherogenic diet

The aim of the study was to investigate the improving effect of Garcinia cambogia extract on performance metrics, and serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in rats fed with atherogenic diet. Thirty, one-year-old, female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of ten animals each. Control group was fed with basal diet (2% liquid vegetable oil, 0% cholesterol), while the diets of groups 2 and 3 contained vegetable oil (2% liquid- and 5% hydrogenated-vegetable oil) and cholesterol (3%). 4.5% Garcinia cambogia was added to the diet of group 3 from day 45. Performance metrics were significantly lower in group 3 than the other groups. Serum NEFA levels were significantly higher in group 3 than the control group on day 45, and in group 3 compared with the other groups on day 75. Serum CRP levels were not significantly different among all groups in all days. In conclusion, the reduced performance metrics indicate that supplementation with Garcinia cambogia extract is a novel therapeutic tool for weight management. Also, this study indicates that large doses of Garcinia cambogia can lead to a substantial increase in serum NEFA concentrations which may be due to the increased fat degradation

PRNP gene polymorphisms in main indigenous Turkish goat breeds

The polymorphisms of the PRNP gene influence the susceptibility to scrapie in goats. In this study, caprine PRNP gene was analysed in a total of 249 individuals from three main indigenous goat breeds of Turkey: Anatolian Black, Angora and Kilis. We focused on the Anatolian Black breed, which represents 97% of the goat population in Turkey and compared the data of samples originated from different geographical regions. Eight polymorphisms were determined, given rise to 12 haplotypes. Allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies of the polymorphisms at codons 142, 143, 146, 154, 171, 211, 222 and 240 were calculated. Alleles associated to resistance to scrapie were found to be relatively rare in all breeds. The resistance allele 222K was absent in Turkish breeds. Other resistance-associated alleles: 146D, 146S, 154H and 171R were observed with low frequencies. The results of this study, which cover the mainly bred indigenous goats in Turkey, present the distribution of PRNP polymorphisms. Very low frequencies of resistance-associated alleles show the susceptibility to scrapie. The resistance-associated alleles S and D of codon 146 might be accepted as candidate alleles, due to their relative higher frequencies observed in the present study. A breeding program aiming to increase particularly the frequency of 146S might be applied. Predictions about impacts of a long-term breeding programme based on low initial allele frequencies and regarding its possible adverse effects are warranted. Our results might be a database for future breeding programmes, which should be carefully designed with adequate levels of genetic resistance and acceptable timeframe. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management UnitThis work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University. Project number TSA-2017-24414

The association of genetic polymorphisms of bone formation genes with canine hip dysplasia

Background: Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is an orthopedic disorder characterized by abnormal laxity of the hip joint. It is considered multifactorial and polygenic and affects predominantly medium and large sized dog breeds. Aims: The aim of this study was to identify CHD associated polymorphisms in chromosomal regions on CFA19, CFA24, CFA26, and CFA34. Methods: Blood samples from 60 dogs of different breeds were collected and genotyped, including 46 cases and 14 controls. After sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) determination of the target regions, an individual SNP analysis with a chi(2) statistic was performed based on the comparison of allele frequencies in cases and controls. Results: A significant association was observed between CHD and a T/C SNP on CFA19, which harbors genes involved in bone metabolism. No other significant association was found in the study and previously identified SNPs cannot be validated as related to CHD. Conclusion: Further research is warranted to identify CHD-associated polymorphisms in order to develop a genotype-based diagnosis and selection approach

EFFECTS OF DIETARY THYME ON IMMUNE CELLS, THE ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCE SYSTEM, CYTOKINE CASCADE, PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITY IN LAYING HENS

The study aims to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of thyme on the antioxidant defence mechanisms, immune system, inflammatory cytokines, and production performance and egg quality traits in laying hens. A total of 120, 24-week-old Lohmann-Brown-Classic laying hens were used in this study. The experimental groups were fed on a ration containing 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% thyme, respectively for 30 days while the control group received the standard chicken feed. Certain parameters such as feed conversion rate (g/g), egg production rate (%), egg mass (g/hen/day) and egg quality were evaluated. Furthermore, differential leukocyte count, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and certain cytokine levels were assessed. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbic acid and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were measured to assess the effects of thyme on the antioxidant defence system. Serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and GSH-Px activity levels decreased in the 0.1% and 0.5 % thyme groups, respectively compared to those of the control group (p <= 0.05). The leukocyte differential counts, as well as heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, did not differ significantly except for a gradual increase in leukocytes and a significant decrease in basophils with the increasing thyme concentration. Likewise, thyme supplementation did not affect performance parameters but exhibited a significant impact on egg yolk color intensity while shell weight, shell thickness, and breaking strength were negatively affected (p <= 0.05). It can be deduced that the thyme-supplemented diet did not elicit positive effects on either the antioxidant defence system or the downregulation of inflammation. That the hens experienced no difficulty in consuming the thyme-supplemented diet in the study is considered promising for further studies to be carried out, concerning the effects of higher concentrations of thyme