Developing the Quantitative Histopathology Image Ontology : A case study using the hot spot detection problem

Interoperability across data sets is a key challenge for quantitative histopathological imaging. There is a need for an ontology that can support effective merging of pathological image data with associated clinical and demographic data. To foster organized, cross-disciplinary, information-driven collaborations in the pathological imaging field, we propose to develop an ontology to represent imaging data and methods used in pathological imaging and analysis, and call it Quantitative Histopathological Imaging Ontology – QHIO. We apply QHIO to breast cancer hot-spot detection with the goal of enhancing reliability of detection by promoting the sharing of data between image analysts

Nonlinear subband decomposition structures in GF-(N) arithmetic

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In this paper, perfect reconstruction filter bank structures for GF-(N) fields are developed. The new filter banks are based on the nonlinear subband decomposition and they are especially useful to process binary images such as document and fingerprint images. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Histopathological image analysis : a review

Over the past decade, dramatic increases in computational power and improvement in image analysis algorithms have allowed the development of powerful computer-assisted analytical approaches to radiological data. With the recent advent of whole slide digital scanners, tissue histopathology slides can now be digitized and stored in digital image form. Consequently, digitized tissue histopathology has now become amenable to the application of computerized image analysis and machine learning techniques. Analogous to the role of computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) algorithms in medical imaging to complement the opinion of a radiologist, CAD algorithms have begun to be developed for disease detection, diagnosis, and prognosis prediction to complement the opinion of the pathologist. In this paper, we review the recent state of the art CAD technology for digitized histopathology. This paper also briefly describes the development and application of novel image analysis technology for a few specific histopathology related problems being pursued in the United States and Europe

Detection of microcalcifications in mammograms using higher order statistics

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A new method for detecting microcalcifications in mammograms is described. In this method, the mammogram image is first processed by a subband decomposition filterbank. The bandpass subimage is divided into overlapping square regions in which skewness and kurtosis as measures of the asymmetry and impulsiveness of the distribution are estimated. The detection method utilizes these two parameters. A region with high positive skewness and kurtosis is marked as a region of interest. Simulation results show that this method is successful in detecting regions with microcalcifications

Content-adaptive color transform for image compression

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In this paper, an adaptive color transform for image compression is introduced. In each block of the image, coefficients of the color transform are determined from the previously compressed neighboring blocks using weighted sums of the RGB pixel values, making the transform block-specific. There is no need to transmit or store the transform coeffi- cients because they are estimated from previous blocks. The compression efficiency of the transform is demonstrated using the JPEG image coding scheme. In general, the suggested transformation results in better peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) values for a given compression level. ( C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineer

Guest Editorial to the Special Letters Issue on Emerging Technologies in Multiparameter Biomedical Optical Imaging and Image Analysis

The past two decades have witnessed revolutionary advances in biomedical imaging modalities capable of providing biological and physiological information from the cellular scale to the organ level. Recent advances have also been focused on cost-effective, noninvasive, portable, and molecularimaging technologies for imaging at microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic levels. These technologies have significant potential to advance biomedical research and clinical practice. They can also provide a better understanding and monitoring of physiological and functional disorders, which could lead to mainstream diagnostic technologies of the future

Image Analysis for Cystic Fibrosis: Computer-Assisted Airway Wall and Vessel Measurements from Low-Dose, Limited Scan Lung CT Images

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting genetic disease that affects approximately 30,000 Americans. When compared to those of normal children, airways of infants and young children with CF have thicker walls and are more dilated in high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) imaging. In this study, we develop computer-assisted methods for assessment of airway and vessel dimensions from axial, limited scan CT lung images acquired at low pediatric radiation doses. Two methods (threshold- and model-based) were developed to automatically measure airway and vessel sizes for pairs identified by a user. These methods were evaluated on chest CT images from 16 pediatric patients (eight infants and eight children) with different stages of mild CF related lung disease. Results of threshold-based, corrected with regression analysis, and model-based approaches correlated well with both electronic caliper measurements made by experienced observers and spirometric measurements of lung function. While the model-based approach results correlated slightly better with the human measurements than those of the threshold method, a hybrid method, combining these two methods, resulted in the best results

Whole slide image registration for the study of tumor heterogeneity

Consecutive thin sections of tissue samples make it possible to study local variation in e.g. protein expression and tumor heterogeneity by staining for a new protein in each section. In order to compare and correlate patterns of different proteins, the images have to be registered with high accuracy. The problem we want to solve is registration of gigapixel whole slide images (WSI). This presents 3 challenges: (i) Images are very large; (ii) Thin sections result in artifacts that make global affine registration prone to very large local errors; (iii) Local affine registration is required to preserve correct tissue morphology (local size, shape and texture). In our approach we compare WSI registration based on automatic and manual feature selection on either the full image or natural sub-regions (as opposed to square tiles). Working with natural sub-regions, in an interactive tool makes it possible to exclude regions containing scientifically irrelevant information. We also present a new way to visualize local registration quality by a Registration Confidence Map (RCM). With this method, intra-tumor heterogeneity and charateristics of the tumor microenvironment can be observed and quantified.Comment: MICCAI2018 - Computational Pathology and Ophthalmic Medical Image Analysis - COMPA

Keith Stirling : An introduction to his life and examination of his music

This study introduces the life and examines the music of Australian jazz trumpeter Keith Stirling (1938-2003). The paper discusses the importance and position of Stirling in the jazz culture of Australian music, introducing key concepts that were influential not only to the development of Australian jazz but also in his life. Subsequently, a discussion of Stirling’s metaphoric tendencies provides an understanding of his philosophical perspectives toward improvisation as an art form. Thereafter, a discourse of the research methodology that was used and the resources that were collected throughout the study introduce a control group of transcriptions. These transcriptions provide an origin of phrases with which to discuss aspects of Stirling’s improvisational style. Instrumental approaches and harmonic concepts are then discussed and exemplified through the analysis of the transcribed phrases. Stirling’s instrumental techniques and harmonic concepts are examined by means of his own and student’s hand written notes and quotes from lesson recordings that took place in the early 1980s