Quantum data hiding with spontaneous parameter down-conversion

Here we analyze the practical implication of the existing quantum data hiding protocol with Bell states produced with optical downconverter. We show that the uncertainty for the producing of the Bell states with spontaneous parameter down-conversion should be taken into account, because it will cause serious trouble to the hider encoding procedure. A set of extended Bell states and a generalized Bell states analyzer are proposed to describe and analyze the possible states of two photons distributing in two paths. Then we present a method to integrate the above uncertainty of Bell states preparation into the dating hiding procedure, when we encode the secret with the set of extended Bell states. These modifications greatly simplify the hider's encoding operations, and thus paves the way for the implementation of quantum data hiding with present-day quantum optics.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, adding some analyse for security proof, to be appear in Phys. Rev.

Effect of cytokinins on shoot regeneration from cotyledon and leaf segment of stem mustard (Brassica juncea var. tsatsai)

Cotyledon and leaf segments of stem mustard (Brassica juncea var. tsatsai) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with various concentrations of different cytokinins [6-benzyladenine (BA), N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-n-phenylurea (CPPU), 6-furfurylaminopurine (KT) and thidiazuron (TDZ)] in combinations with different levels of ¿-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The shoot regeneration frequency of cotyledon and leaf segment was dependent on the kinds and concentrations of cytokinins used in the medium, while in most cases cotyledon gave high regeneration frequency than leaf segment. TDZ proved to be the best cytokinin to induce shoot from both cotyledon and leaf segments compared to BA, KT and CPPU. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration was 61.3¿67.9 % in cotyledon and 40.7¿52.4% in leaf segment respectively when 2.27 or 4.54 ¿M TDZ was combined with 5.37 ¿M NAA. Next to TDZ, CPPU was also very suitable to induce shoot formation both in cotyledon and leaf segment. When 1.61 ¿M CPPU was combined with 2.69 ¿M NAA, shoot regeneration frequency was 45.0% in cotyledon and 36.4% in leaf segment, respectively. It was also shown that KT and BA affected shoot regeneration from cotyledon and leaf segment, the shoot regeneration was greatly increased when NAA was added together with cytokinins. The efficient and reliable shoot regeneration system was developed in both cotyledon and leaf segments. This regeneration protocol may be applicable to the improvement of this crop by genetic engineering in the futur

Estimating the feasibility of transition paths in extended finite state machines

There has been significant interest in automating testing on the basis of an extended finite state machine (EFSM) model of the required behaviour of the implementation under test (IUT). Many test criteria require that certain parts of the EFSM are executed. For example, we may want to execute every transition of the EFSM. In order to find a test suite (set of input sequences) that achieves this we might first derive a set of paths through the EFSM that satisfy the criterion using, for example, algorithms from graph theory. We then attempt to produce input sequences that trigger these paths. Unfortunately, however, the EFSM might have infeasible paths and the problem of determining whether a path is feasible is generally undecidable. This paper describes an approach in which a fitness function is used to estimate how easy it is to find an input sequence to trigger a given path through an EFSM. Such a fitness function could be used in a search-based approach in which we search for a path with good fitness that achieves a test objective, such as executing a particular transition, and then search for an input sequence that triggers the path. If this second search fails then we search for another path with good fitness and repeat the process. We give a computationally inexpensive approach (fitness function) that estimates the feasibility of a path. In order to evaluate this fitness function we compared the fitness of a path with the ease with which an input sequence can be produced using search to trigger the path and we used random sampling in order to estimate this. The empirical evidence suggests that a reasonably good correlation (0.72 and 0.62) exists between the fitness of a path, produced using the proposed fitness function, and an estimate of the ease with which we can randomly generate an input sequence to trigger the path

Search for Invisible Decays of η\eta and η′\eta^\prime in J/ψ→ϕηJ/\psi \to \phi\eta and ϕη′\phi \eta^\prime

Using a data sample of $58\times 10^6$ $J/\psi$ decays collected with the BES II detector at the BEPC, searches for invisible decays of $\eta$ and $\eta^\prime$ in $J/\psi$ to $\phi\eta$ and $\phi\eta^\prime$ are performed. The $\phi$ signals, which are reconstructed in $K^+K^-$ final states, are used to tag the $\eta$ and $\eta^\prime$ decays. No signals are found for the invisible decays of either $\eta$ or $\eta^\prime$, and upper limits at the 90% confidence level are determined to be $1.65 \times 10^{-3}$ for the ratio $\frac{B(\eta\to \text{invisible})}{B(\eta\to\gamma\gamma)}$ and $6.69\times 10^{-2}$ for $\frac{B(\eta^\prime\to \text{invisible})}{B(\eta^\prime\to\gamma\gamma)}$. These are the first searches for $\eta$ and $\eta^\prime$ decays into invisible final states.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; Added references, Corrected typo

Estimativa da área foliar do pepino em ambiente protegido por medidas lineares sob salinidade e enxertia

The measurement of leaf area by linear parameters is a useful tool when plants cannot be destroyed for direct measurement. The objectives of this study were to establish equations to estimate the leaf area of greenhouse-cucumber and to evaluate the effects of salinity and grafting on this estimative. Non-grafted cucumber seedlings, cv. 'Hokushin', were transplanted in a greenhouse and were irrigated with water of different salinities (1.0, 3.2 and 5.0 dS m-1). In the second growing period, the same cultivar was grafted on Cucurbita spp. and the plants were irrigated with water of 1.4, 3.0 and 5.3 dS m-1. Leaves of different sizes were collected from both experiments and leaf area was determined by an integrating area meter. Leaf length (L) and width (W) were also recorded. An equation for estimating the leaf area from L and W was developed for a given salinity level or grafting condition and estimated well the area of leaves collected in the other treatments. The leaf area (LA) of cucumber 'Hokushin' could be estimated using the equation LA = 0.88LW - 4.27, for any grafting and salinity conditions.A determinação da área foliar por medidas lineares é uma ferramenta útil quando as plantas não podem ser destruídas para que a medição direta seja realizada. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram definir equações para a estimativa da área foliar do pepino em ambiente protegido e avaliar os efeitos da salinidade e da a enxertia nessa estimativa. Mudas de pepino, cv. 'Hokushin', não enxertadas, foram transplantadas em um ambiente protegido e irrigadas com água de diferentes salinidades (1,0, 3,2 e 5,0 dS m-1). No segundo período de cultivo, a mesma cultivar foi enxertada sobre Cucurbita spp., sendo as plantas irrigadas com água de 1,4, 3,0 e 5,3 dS m-1. Foram coletadas folhas de diferentes tamanhos dos dois cultivos e dos três tratamentos e a área foliar foi determinada por um medidor de área foliar. O comprimento (C) e a largura (L) da folha também foram registrados. Desenvolveram-se equações pelas quais a área foliar pôde ser estimada a partir de medidas de C e L. A equação desenvolvida para um dado nível de salinidade ou condição de enxertia estimou bem a área das folhas coletadas nos demais tratamentos. A área foliar (AF) do pepino 'Hokushin' pode ser estimada pela função AF = 0,88CL - 4,27, para qualquer condição de enxertia e salinidade

Properties of the random field Ising model in a transverse magnetic field

We consider the effect of a random longitudinal field on the Ising model in a transverse magnetic field. For spatial dimension $d > 2$, there is at low strength of randomness and transverse field, a phase with true long range order which is destroyed at higher values of the randomness or transverse field. The properties of the quantum phase transition at zero temperature are controlled by a fixed point with no quantum fluctuations. This fixed point also controls the classical finite temperature phase transition in this model. Many critical properties of the quantum transition are therefore identical to those of the classical transition. In particular, we argue that the dynamical scaling is activated, i.e, the logarithm of the diverging time scale rises as a power of the diverging length scale

A quasi-steady state mathematical model of an integrated ground source heat pump for building space control

[EN] This paper is concerned with the development of a mathematical model, capable of describing the quasisteady state performance of an integrated ground source heat pump, which is used for heating and cooling of an institutional building located in a Mediterranean climate. The model is structured on functional basis according to the heat pump vapour compression or primary circuit, a secondary ground loop circuit and a secondary building loop circuit. Heat pump heating and cooling capacities, as well as COP, are considered to be dependent variables and are estimated in the model using performance fitted maps. Independent variables include: compressor speed, circulation pump speeds, ground loop return temperature and building circuit return temperature. The model is validated using data from a full-scale ground source heat pump installation. The validated model is used to examine system capacity and performance sensitivity to different control optimisation strategies, including set-point control of room air temperature, room air bandwidth temperature, building loop return water temperature and building loop return bandwidth temperature.This work was supported under the FP7 programme Advanced ground source heat pump systems for heating and cooling in Mediterranean climates (GROUND-MED FP7-ENERGY-2007-2-TREN-218895)Corberán Salvador, JM.; Finn, D.; Montagud Montalvá, CI.; Murphy, F.; Edwards, K. (2011). A quasi-steady state mathematical model of an integrated ground source heat pump for building space control. Energy and Buildings. 43(1):82-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.08.017S829243

Structure and properties of composite Ni–Co–Mn coatings on metal interconnects by electrodeposition

In order to obtain the high conductivity values and wide spinel stability region for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect, several multilayer Ni, Co and Mn coatings are electroplated and then oxidized in air to form spinel oxide layers. Potentiodynamic polarization curves in different simple solutions are tested to analyze the deposition behavior of Co and Mn. Microstructures and compositions of Ni–Co–Mn multi-layers by adjusting the thickness and deposition parameters are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that area specific resistance value of sample B–Ni/Co after oxidation at 750 °C for 500h is the lowest among the coatings, and the resistance values at 700 °C and 800 °C are 35.3 and 31.7 mΩ‧cm2, respectively. When the Ni transition layer in the vicinity of coating/substrate interface is thick, it will lead to the outward diffusion and aggregation of element Fe to form Fe-rich oxide intermediate layer, which will affect the high-temperature performance of the coating. Pure Co and CoMn alloy coatings with a certain thickness can effectively prevent the inward diffusion of oxygen and the outward diffusion of Fe and Cr at high temperature. The thin Ni transition layer combined with the thick Co layer or CoMn layer has the best element diffusion inhibition and high temperature electrical properties during the long-term high-temperature oxidation process

Entanglement Transfer via XXZ Heisenberg chain with DM Interaction

The role of spin-orbit interaction, arises from the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya anisotropic antisymmetric interaction, on the entanglement transfer via an antiferromagnetic XXZ Heisenberg chain is investigated. From symmetrical point of view, the XXZ Hamiltonian with Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction can be replaced by a modified XXZ Hamiltonian which is defined by a new exchange coupling constant and rotated Pauli operators. The modified coupling constant and the angle of rotations are depend on the strength of Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction. In this paper we study the dynamical behavior of the entanglement propagation through a system which is consist of a pair of maximally entangled spins coupled to one end of the chain. The calculations are performed for the ground state and the thermal state of the chain, separately. In both cases the presence of this anisotropic interaction make our channel more efficient, such that the speed of transmission and the amount of the entanglement are improved as this interaction is switched on. We show that for large values of the strength of this interaction a large family of XXZ chains becomes efficient quantum channels, for whole values of an isotropy parameter in the region $-2 \leq \Delta \leq 2$.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure