Simulation og Projektstyring: Fra madpapir til SimCity?

Mens simulation i første omgang har været koncentreret omkring relativt afgrænsede fænomener og specielt har været rettet mod ingeniørvidenskaberne og den tekniske del af produktudviklingen, så har computeren gjort det muligt at simulere mere komplekse fænomener. Dette har betydet, at simulation på det seneste har gjort sit indtog som et værktøj til at øge forståelsen af komplekse sociale systemer. Et af de seneste skud på stammen af simulationsværktøjer er projektstyringsværktøjet “The Virtual Design Team” (VDT), udviklet på Center for Integrated Engineering (CIFE) på Stanford University. VDTtankegangen er, at det bør være muligt at designe projekter på samme måde, som man designer bygninger. VDT simulerer gennemførelsen af projekter ud fra oplysninger om opgavens natur og sammensætning samt karakteristika for projektdeltagerne og projektorganisationen. Herunder simuleres beslutnings- og koordinationsprocessernes indflydelse på et eller flere simultane projekters gennemførelse. Denne artikel ser nærmere på udviklingen i simulationsværktøjernes kompleksitet samt retter fokus mod softwarepakken “SimVision”, der er den senest kommercialiserede udgave af VDT

International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force consensus proposal: Medical treatment of canine epilepsy in Europe

In Europe, the number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) licensed for dogs has grown considerably over the last years. Nevertheless, the same questions remain, which include, 1) when to start treatment, 2) which drug is best used initially, 3) which adjunctive AED can be advised if treatment with the initial drug is unsatisfactory, and 4) when treatment changes should be considered. In this consensus proposal, an overview is given on the aim of AED treatment, when to start long-term treatment in canine epilepsy and which veterinary AEDs are currently in use for dogs. The consensus proposal for drug treatment protocols, 1) is based on current published evidence-based literature, 2) considers the current legal framework of the cascade regulation for the prescription of veterinary drugs in Europe, and 3) reflects the authors’ experience. With this paper it is aimed to provide a consensus for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Furthermore, for the management of structural epilepsy AEDs are inevitable in addition to treating the underlying cause, if possible

The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic

The New World Arctic, the last region of the Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding of its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans from Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Siberia. We show that Paleo-Eskimos (~3000 BCE to 1300 CE) represent a migration pulse into the Americas independent of both Native American and Inuit expansions. Furthermore, the genetic continuity characterizing the Paleo-Eskimo period was interrupted by the arrival of a new population, representing the ancestors of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages. Despite periodic abandonment of major Arctic regions, a single Paleo-Eskimo metapopulation likely survived in near-isolation for more than 4000 years, only to vanish around 700 years ago