ВНУТРЕННЕЕ ДРЕНИРОВАНИЕ ВЕРХНИХ МОЧЕВЫВОДЯЩИХ ПУТЕЙ ПРИ ОПУХОЛЕВЫХ ОБСТРУКЦИЯХ МОЧЕТОЧНИКОВ

The paper analyzes procedures for internal drainage of the upper urinary tract in ureteral tumor obstructions. It details indications for and contraindications to ureteral stenting or endoprostethic replacement, subcutaneous nephrovesical bypass. Postoperative complications and procedures for their prevention and treatment are considered. The data available in the literature on rare drainage procedures for the upper urinary tract, such as ureteral endoprosthetic replacement and nephrovesical bypass, are summarized.Проведен анализ внутренних методов дренирования верхних мочевых путей при опухолевых обструкциях мочеточников. Подробно освещены показания и противопоказания к стентированию или эндопротезированию мочеточника, нефровезикальному подкожному шунтированию. Рассмотрены послеоперационные осложнения, способы их профилактики и лечения. Обобщены данные литературы по таким редким способам дренирования верхних мочевых путей, как эндопротезирование мочеточника и нефровезикальное шунтирование

Analysis of microbial populations in plastic-soil systems after exposure to high poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) load using high-resolution molecular technique

BACKGROUND: Bio-based and biodegradable plastics are considered as plastics of the future owing to their ability to decompose under various environmental conditions. However, their effects on the soil microbiome are poorly characterised. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of an important bio-based and biodegradable plastic, polybutylene succinate-co-adipate (PBSA), on soil microbial diversity and community composition using high-resolution molecular technique (Illumina sequencing) targeting all three microbial domains: archaea, bacteria, and fungi. RESULTS: Adding high load of PBSA to soil (6% (w/w)) caused a significant decline in archaeal (13%) and fungal (45%) richness and substantial changes in both bacterial (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria) and fungal (Eurotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Leotiomycetes, and Dothideomycetes) community composition compared with no PBSA addition to soil. The combined effects of PBSA and (NH₄)₂SO₄ fertilisation on the soil microbiome were much greater than the effects of PBSA alone. We only detected opportunistic human pathogens in low abundance on PBSA and in the surrounding soil. However, some plant pathogenic fungi were detected and/or enriched on the PBSA films and in surrounding soil. Apart from plant pathogens, many potential microbial control agents and plant growth-promoting microorganisms were also detected/enriched owing to PBSA addition. Adding high load of PBSA together with (NH₄)₂SO₄ fertilisation can either eliminate some plant pathogens or enrich specific pathogens, especially Fusarium solani, which is economically important. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that high load of bio-based and biodegradable PBSA plastic may negatively affect soil microbiome

Органосохраняющие операции при опухолях верхних мочевыводящих путей

The results of organ-preserving interventions are analyzed in 12 patients (7 males and 5 females) with neoplasms of the renal pelvis and ureter. Endoscopic operations were performed in 4 patients with the normally functioning contralateral kidney and in one patient with the single kidney. Early complications developed in 2 of the 12 patients and were infectious and inflammatory. The mean duration of endoscopic surgery was 32.8±4.9 min; intraoperative blood loss is 83.0±15.3 ml; the duration of open surgery averaged 157.2±29.7 min and intraoperative blood loss was 1930±69.3 ml. After 4 years of a follow-up, the frequency of tumor relapse was 40%; 5-year survival was 80%. Thus, in patients with upper urinary tract neoplasms, organ-preserving operations are a justifiable alternative to nephroureterectomy with urinary bladder resection and most reasonable in uni- and bilateral renal tumor. Urinary tract endoscopic examination assessing the possibilities of freely manipulating an endoscope in the ureteral lumen and renal cavitary system for biopsy of a tumor and its further removal is a major and determining factor in defining indications for this type of intervention.The results of organ-preserving interventions are analyzed in 12 patients (7 males and 5 females) with neoplasms of the renal pelvis and ureter. Endoscopic operations were performed in 4 patients with the normally functioning contralateral kidney and in one patient with the single kidney. Early complications developed in 2 of the 12 patients and were infectious and inflammatory. The mean duration of endoscopic surgery was 32.8±4.9 min; intraoperative blood loss is 83.0±15.3 ml; the duration of open surgery averaged 157.2±29.7 min and intraoperative blood loss was 1930±69.3 ml. After 4 years of a follow-up, the frequency of tumor relapse was 40%; 5-year survival was 80%. Thus, in patients with upper urinary tract neoplasms, organ-preserving operations are a justifiable alternative to nephroureterectomy with urinary bladder resection and most reasonable in uni- and bilateral renal tumor. Urinary tract endoscopic examination assessing the possibilities of freely manipulating an endoscope in the ureteral lumen and renal cavitary system for biopsy of a tumor and its further removal is a major and determining factor in defining indications for this type of intervention

Performance of the first prototype of the CALICE scintillator strip electromagnetic calorimeter

A first prototype of a scintillator strip-based electromagnetic calorimeter was built, consisting of 26 layers of tungsten absorber plates interleaved with planes of 45x10x3 mm3 plastic scintillator strips. Data were collected using a positron test beam at DESY with momenta between 1 and 6 GeV/c. The prototype's performance is presented in terms of the linearity and resolution of the energy measurement. These results represent an important milestone in the development of highly granular calorimeters using scintillator strip technology. This technology is being developed for a future linear collider experiment, aiming at the precise measurement of jet energies using particle flow techniques

Technical Design Report for the PANDA Solenoid and Dipole Spectrometer Magnets

This document is the Technical Design Report covering the two large spectrometer magnets of the PANDA detector set-up. It shows the conceptual design of the magnets and their anticipated performance. It precedes the tender and procurement of the magnets and, hence, is subject to possible modifications arising during this process.Comment: 10 pages, 14MB, accepted by FAIR STI in May 2009, editors: Inti Lehmann (chair), Andrea Bersani, Yuri Lobanov, Jost Luehning, Jerzy Smyrski, Technical Coordiantor: Lars Schmitt, Bernd Lewandowski (deputy), Spokespersons: Ulrich Wiedner, Paola Gianotti (deputy

The Time Structure of Hadronic Showers in highly granular Calorimeters with Tungsten and Steel Absorbers

The intrinsic time structure of hadronic showers influences the timing capability and the required integration time of hadronic calorimeters in particle physics experiments, and depends on the active medium and on the absorber of the calorimeter. With the CALICE T3B experiment, a setup of 15 small plastic scintillator tiles read out with Silicon Photomultipliers, the time structure of showers is measured on a statistical basis with high spatial and temporal resolution in sampling calorimeters with tungsten and steel absorbers. The results are compared to GEANT4 (version 9.4 patch 03) simulations with different hadronic physics models. These comparisons demonstrate the importance of using high precision treatment of low-energy neutrons for tungsten absorbers, while an overall good agreement between data and simulations for all considered models is observed for steel.Comment: 24 pages including author list, 9 figures, published in JINS

Genomic history of Neolithic to Bronze Age Anatolia, Northern Levant, and Southern Caucasus

Here, we report genome-wide data analyses from 110 ancient Near Eastern individuals spanning the Late Neolithic to Late Bronze Age, a period characterized by intense interregional interactions for the Near East. We find that 6th millennium BCE populations of North/Central Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus shared mixed ancestry on a genetic cline that formed during the Neolithic between Western Anatolia and regions in today’s Southern Caucasus/Zagros. During the Late Chalcolithic and/or the Early Bronze Age, more than half of the Northern Levantine gene pool was replaced, while in the rest of Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus, we document genetic continuity with only transient gene flow. Additionally, we reveal a genetically distinct individual within the Late Bronze Age Northern Levant. Overall, our study uncovers multiple scales of population dynamics through time, from extensive admixture during the Neolithic period to long-distance mobility within the globalized societies of the Late Bronze Age. Video Abstrac

DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search

The DEAP-3600 experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, in Sudbury, Ontario. It is a single-phase detector that searches for dark matter particle interactions within a 1000-kg fiducial mass target of liquid argon. A first generation prototype detector (DEAP-1) with a 7-kg liquid argon target mass demonstrated a high level of pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) for reducing $\beta$/$\gamma$ backgrounds and helped to develop low radioactivity techniques to mitigate surface-related $\alpha$ backgrounds. Construction of the DEAP-3600 detector is nearly complete and commissioning is starting in 2014. The target sensitivity to spin-independent scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on nucleons of 10$^{-46}$ cm$^2$ will allow one order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity over current searches at 100 GeV WIMP mass. This paper presents an overview and status of the DEAP-3600 project and discusses plans for a future multi-tonne experiment, DEAP-50T.Comment: International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2014), Valencia, 201