Evaluation of validity of digital photograph based dietary intake in school children

Study Objectives: Accurately assessing children’s dietary intake is a challenging task. This study aimed to assess the dietary intake of school children using 24 hour records (RM) and digital photograph (DM) based dietary intake methods, to validate the use of a novel digital image-based food record and to assess the feasibility. Methods: This study was held in Mehmet Özcan Torunoğlu Elementary School in Ankara on 40 (50.0% boys) children. A questionnaire was applied, general characteristics, food consumption frequencies and physical activity levels of the children were assessed. Each week 5 children were recruited and 24-h record method (RM) was applied for 4 consecutive days with one day as a weekend day. For the same period by using a digital camera, the participants were instructed and demonstrated to take digital photos (DM) for all meals and snacks, before and after the consumption of foods. Anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, waist, and hip circumferences) of children were taken and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference/height ratios were calculated. Results: Mean (±SD) age of the boys and girls were 8.05±0.22 and 8.1±0.31 years, respectively. According to RM and DM, daily energy intakes of boys were 2226.9 ±613.13 and 1611±209.79 kcal (p<0.05) and girls were 1781.5±341.83 and 1404.7±258.04 kcal (p<0.05), respectively. Mean daily energy, protein, carbohydrate intakes and also the mean daily intakes of vitamins B1, B2, B6, folic acid, vitamin C, A, and E and minerals; calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc were found higher in RM than DM (p<0.05). Conclusions: Dietary intakes of nutrients of children were found higher by RM than DM method, due to recording only food served on the plate but not considering the plate-waste. These results suggest that digital photographs are more feasible to use in dietary assessment in children and also to assist in RM. The use of technology is an important area of study in dietary assessment and may offer a means of addressing some of the challenges in dietary assessment in children as a practical, easy, and preferred method. For future research, DM should be evaluated in different age groups, such as in preschool children, adolescents, adults, elderly, and disabled people. © Mattioli 1885

Determination of serum vitamin D status of mothers and newborns and related outcomes

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Effect of almonds consumption on anthropometric measurements and blood parameters in overweight and obese females in a weight reduction program

No abstract

Modelling health and economic impact of nutrition interventions: a systematic review

Diet related non-communicable diseases (NCDs), as well as micronutrient deficiencies, are of widespread and growing importance to public health. Authorities are developing programs to improve nutrient intakes via foods. To estimate the potential health and economic impact of these programs there is a wide variety of models. The aim of this review is to evaluate existing models to estimate the health and/or economic impact of nutrition interventions with a focus on reducing salt and sugar intake and increasing vitamin D, iron, and folate/folic acid intake. The protocol of this systematic review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42016050873). The final search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus electronic databases and search strings were developed for salt/sodium, sugar, vitamin D, iron, and folic acid intake. Predefined criteria related to scientific quality, applicability, and funding/interest were used to evaluate the publications. In total 122 publications were included for a critical appraisal: 45 for salt/sodium, 61 for sugar, 4 for vitamin D, 9 for folic acid, and 3 for iron. The complexity of modelling the health and economic impact of nutrition interventions is dependent on the purpose and data availability. Although most of the models have the potential to provide projections of future impact, the methodological challenges are considerable. There is a substantial need for more guidance and standardization for future modelling, to compare results of different studies and draw conclusions about the health and economic impact of nutrition interventions. © 2022, The Author(s)

Impact of nonoptimal intakes of saturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fat on global burdens of coronary heart disease

Background: Saturated fat (SFA), ω‐6 (n‐6) polyunsaturated fat (PUFA), and trans fat (TFA) influence risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but attributable CHD mortalities by country, age, sex, and time are unclear. Methods and Results: National intakes of SFA, n‐6 PUFA, and TFA were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical model based on country‐specific dietary surveys; food availability data; and, for TFA, industry reports on fats/oils and packaged foods. Etiologic effects of dietary fats on CHD mortality were derived from meta‐analyses of prospective cohorts and CHD mortality rates from the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases study. Absolute and proportional attributable CHD mortality were computed using a comparative risk assessment framework. In 2010, nonoptimal intakes of n‐6 PUFA, SFA, and TFA were estimated to result in 711 800 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 680 700–745 000), 250 900 (95% UI 236 900–265 800), and 537 200 (95% UI 517 600–557 000) CHD deaths per year worldwide, accounting for 10.3% (95% UI 9.9%–10.6%), 3.6%, (95% UI 3.5%–3.6%) and 7.7% (95% UI 7.6%–7.9%) of global CHD mortality. Tropical oil–consuming countries were estimated to have the highest proportional n‐6 PUFA– and SFA‐attributable CHD mortality, whereas Egypt, Pakistan, and Canada were estimated to have the highest proportional TFA‐attributable CHD mortality. From 1990 to 2010 globally, the estimated proportional CHD mortality decreased by 9% for insufficient n‐6 PUFA and by 21% for higher SFA, whereas it increased by 4% for higher TFA, with the latter driven by increases in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Conclusions: Nonoptimal intakes of n‐6 PUFA, TFA, and SFA each contribute to significant estimated CHD mortality, with important heterogeneity across countries that informs nation‐specific clinical, public health, and policy priorities.peer-reviewe

Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries

The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.8–14.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.8–71.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.0–27.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.3–27.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.3–23.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.4–87.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.1–83.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.1–60.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally.publishedVersio

Children’s and adolescents’ rising animal-source food intakes in 1990–2018 were impacted by age, region, parental education and urbanicity

Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents’ physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the world’s child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 15–19 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF consumption programmes.publishedVersio

Factors affecting pregnancy weight gain and relationships with maternal/fetal outcomes in Turkey

Objectives: To determine the effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain on maternal and fetal complications, and to examine whether Turkish women achieve the recommended gestational weight gain. We also investigated the relationship between pregnancy weight gain and mode of delivery, with an examination of maternal anthropometry. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on a population of 986 pregnant women between November 2011 and November 2015 at Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Maternal age, BMI, monthly weight gain during pregnancy, infant birth weight, gender, and maternal and fetal adverse outcomes were evaluated. Results: The frequency of maternal complications was positively associated with elevated pre-pregnancy BMI (p less than 0.05), and weight gain during pregnancy was associated with parity and increased infant birth weight (p less than 0.05). However, no correlations were observed between mean pregnancy weight gain and maternal complications (p greater than 0.05). The percentage of women who gained the Institute of Medicine (IOM)-recommended amount of weight was the highest in the underweight BMI group (54.1%) and the lowest in the obese BMI group (24.3%). Pregnancy weight gain exceeded IOM recommendations in the overweight (56.3%) and obese (52.5%) groups. Conclusions: While maternal weight gain during pregnancy affects neonatal body weight, higher pre-pregnancy BMI has an adverse effect on recommended weight gain during pregnancy, with increased maternal complications

Evaluation of preoperative nutritional status of patients with gastrointestinal cancer using different nutritional screening tests

Background & Aims: To determine the nutritional status of gastrointestinal cancer patients with two different nutritional screening tools and compare the tools. Methods: This study was held in 110 patients (female; 41.8% male: 58.2%), aged 19-65 years, admitted to hospital, diagnosed with gastrointestinal system cancer (not operated). The objective was to determine the nutritional status of the patients with nutrition screening tools (Subjective Global Assessment-SGA, Nutritional Risk Screening-NRS 2002), compare the tools, and describe the malnutrition status of patients. Socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters and 24- hour dietary recalls, frequency of foods consumed were determined. Results: Out of total, 54.7% of males and 56.5% of females had normal Body Mass Index-BMI. Using SGA, 49.1% of the patients had serious, 41.8% had moderate degree of malnutrition. According to NRS-2002, percent-ages of severely, moderately and mildly undernourished patients were 54.6%, 33.6% and 11.8%, respectively. The percentage of patients meeting the recommended Daily allowances was 47.2% and 58.1%, respectively for males and females. According to NRS and SGA tools, statistically significant differences with current weight, ideal body weight, usual body weight, percentage of weight loss, body mass index (BMI), mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), mid-upper arm muscle area, mid-upper arm muscle circumference and mid-upper arm fat area (p<0.05) were found. Nutritional status of patients with SGA and NRS tests showed consistent similarity (kappa=0.671, p<0.001). Similar changes were found between SGA and NRS scores. Consistency was found statistically significant (r=0.786 and p=<0.001). Conclusion: One of the malnutrition screening tools could be preoperatively applied in gastrointestinal system cancer patients. Nutritional support should be planned and administered, when needed