Triple redundant computer system/display and keyboard subsystem interface

Interfacing of the redundant display and keyboard subsystem with the triple redundant computer system is defined according to space shuttle design. The study is performed in three phases: (1) TRCS configuration and characteristics identification; (2) display and keyboard subsystem configuration and characteristics identification, and (3) interface approach definition

Simple yet efficient real-time pose-based action recognition

Recognizing human actions is a core challenge for autonomous systems as they directly share the same space with humans. Systems must be able to recognize and assess human actions in real-time. In order to train corresponding data-driven algorithms, a significant amount of annotated training data is required. We demonstrated a pipeline to detect humans, estimate their pose, track them over time and recognize their actions in real-time with standard monocular camera sensors. For action recognition, we encode the human pose into a new data format called Encoded Human Pose Image (EHPI) that can then be classified using standard methods from the computer vision community. With this simple procedure we achieve competitive state-of-the-art performance in pose-based action detection and can ensure real-time performance. In addition, we show a use case in the context of autonomous driving to demonstrate how such a system can be trained to recognize human actions using simulation data.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC) 2019. Code will be available soon at https://github.com/noboevbo/ehpi_action_recognitio

COPYRIGHT ISSUE IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS OF SMART PRODUCTION AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS

Background: In recent years, the use of artificial intelligence in the field of production and design has increased. As a result, in smart production and autonomous systems, the concepts of copyright and rights ownership on the works produced have become increasingly complex. In addition, there is no sufficient legal regulation regarding the rights of the software side of the system, the content providers and the commercial parties with whom they have agreements, in the productions made by autonomous systems through artificial intelligence software. In addition to the ownership of the work, the copyright of the elements in the content of the work and those who produce these elements also emerge as an important problem in productions made with artificial intelligence. Purpose of Study: In this study, it is aimed to examine the copyright issue in artificial intelligence applications of smart production and autonomous systems. Sources of Evidence: In the research, a literature review was conducted and semiotic analysis and content analysis were conducted based on academic studies. According to the results obtained, analyzes were made regarding the deficiencies in copyright and the main problems arising from field applications in smart production and autonomous systems made through artificial intelligence. Main Argument: The main argument of the research is that copyright is an important problem in both the short and long term in smart production and autonomous systems produced through artificial intelligence. Conclusions: Although DSM Directive 2019/790/EU, which was issued in 2016 and came into force in 2019, regulates digital copyrights, there are serious deficiencies regarding the ownership of the system or work and the legal regulations regarding smart productions and autonomous systems produced through artificial intelligence. While DSM Directive 2019/790/EU targets a uniform digital market, the copyright issue in artificial intelligence applications shows that this regulation is also inadequate. Regarding the AI Act, there is not yet sufficient regulation or implementation data regarding copyrights. The United States Copyright Office published in 2023 points out similar deficiencies in artificial intelligence and copyrights. Existing copyright regulations are insufficient today, especially for smart products produced by autonomous systems. One of the most important sources of the problem is that the work, its ownership, the types of work, and the commercial and moral values of the work are not fully defined. For a solution, comprehensive and advanced studies are needed regarding the copyrights of artificial intelligence

Production of stable, immunogenic foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in a chemicallydefined, serum-free medium optimized for BHK-21 Cells

BHK-21 cells are an important bioprocessing host for the production of recombinant proteins and vaccines. The largest application of these cells is the production of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) and Rabies vaccines for the animal health market. Commercial FMD vaccine production relies on classical cell culture media supplemented with bovine serum. This serum is sourced locally from FMD-vaccinated cattle and thus requires antibody precipitation with PEG to allow supplementation during cell culture scale-up. This step diminishes the nutritional value of sera and also increases variability. To reduce serum use during the virus production phase, the process depends on media supplementation with hydrolysates such as Tryptose Phosphate Broth and lactalbumin hydrolysate. Use of these animal-derived components is unreliable due to lot-to-lot variability and may be unsafe due to potential introduction of adventitious agents. We developed a chemically-defined, protein-free and serum-free medium optimized for high-density growth of suspension BHK-21 cells. This medium allows direct adaptation into serum-free growth with minimal process workflow modifications. FMD virus titers produced in this medium are comparable to those of serum-containing media but show greater consistency in 146S antigen yields. FMD O-serotype monovalent vaccines were formulated with antigen produced at 50L scale in this medium or in classical medium with bovine serum to determine antigen immunogenicity and stability. These vaccines were tested in animals and found to be equally immunogenic; both traditional and serum-free vaccines induced strong FMD-specific neutralizing antibody responses in animals when evaluated by liquid phase blocking ELISA. Our results show that production of FMD vaccine in a serum-free, protein-free, chemically-defined medium is feasible and does not appear to alter immunogenic determinants. Process development related to high cell density at time of infection will be discussed

Charakterisierung der Ektonukleotidpyrophosphatase/ Phosphodiesterase 1 und Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 als CK2-abhängige Zielmoleküle

Die Aufrechterhaltung eines normwertigen Blutzuckerspiegels wird im menschlichen Körper durch ein komplexes Netzwerk aus Hormonen und Neuropeptiden gesteuert. Eine zentrale Rolle der Glucosehomöostase spielen dabei die pankreatischen β-Zellen als Ort der Insulinbiosynthese. In diesen Signalweg greift nach derzeitigem Wissenstand die hochkonservierte und ubiquitär exprimierte Serin-/Threonin-Proteinkinase CK2 mit einem negativen Effekt auf die Insulinexpression ein. Als tetrameres Enzym, bestehend aus zwei katalytischen (, ') und zwei regulatorischen (β) Untereinheiten, reguliert sie u.a. Pdx1 als zentralen Transkriptionsfaktor der Insulinexpression. In einem von Michelle Völcker durchgeführten qRT-PCR-Array mit 84 Diabetes-assoziierten Genen zeigten die Ektonukleotidpyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) und Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) jeweils eine mindestens um den Faktor 3 erniedrigte Genexpression nach Hemmung der CK2-Aktivität. Im Zellmodell pankreatischer Ratten-Insulinomzellen INS-1/832 13 und Ratten-Hepatomzellen McA-RH7777 sollte die mögliche CK2-Abhängigkeit der Expression von ENPP1 und FBP1 untersucht werden. In den Zellen wurde die CK2 dabei einerseits durch den Inhibitor CX-4945 und mittels Transfektion gehemmt. Die in der qRT-PCR erhobenen Ergebnisse zeigten für ENPP1 eine 2.47-, bzw. für FBP1 eine 1.92-fache Herunterregulation der mRNA-Expression. Die Ergebnisse wurden auf Proteinebene untersucht, wobei die Proben von ENPP1 eine 0.67-fache Herunterregulation ergaben. Für FBP1, als ein Schlüsselenzym der Gluconeogenese, war ein Nachweis des Proteins nicht möglich, daher erfolgte der indirekte Nachweis über eine Messung der Glucoseneubildung. Dabei konnte in transfizierten McA-RH7777-Zellen nach Hemmung der CK2-Kinaseaktivität eine auf etwa 63% reduzierte Sekretion von Glucose ermittelt werden. Das Wissen einer CK2-abhängigen Regulation der FBP1 dient dabei als Erweiterung der Kenntnis des CK2-abhängigen Netzwerks. Die Inhibition der CK2 könnte dabei ein weiterer Baustein in der Therapie insulinabhängiger Erkrankungen darstellen.The maintenance of a normal blood sugar level is controlled in the human body by a complex network of hormones and neuropeptides. Pancreatic β-cells play a central role in glucose homeostasis as the place of insulin biosynthesis. According to the current knowledge, the highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase CK2 intervenes in this signal pathway, with a negative effect on insulin expression. As a heterotetramer composed of two catalytic (α, α') and two regulatory (β) subunits, it modulates Pdx1 as the central transcription factor of insulin expression. In a qRT-PCR array carried out by Michelle Völcker with 84 diabetes-associated genes, ectonucleotidepyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) each showed a gene expression that was at least 3 times lower. Within this dissertation, pancreatic rat insulinoma cells INS-1/832 13 and rat hepatoma cells McA-RH7777 were used to describe effects of a CK2 inhibition to ENPP1 and FBP1 as possible CK2-dependent targets. In addition a possible influence on protein expression was investigated. An inhibition of the CK2 kinase activity was achieved with the inhibitor CX-4945 and by transfection. The results obtained in the qRT-PCR showed a 2.47-fold for FBP1 and 1.92-fold down regulation of the gene expression for ENPP1. The collected data was confirmed at the protein level, with the ENPP1 samples showing a 0.67-fold down regulation. For FBP1, a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis, it was possible to determine a secretion of glucose reduced to about 63% in transfected McA-RH7777 cells after inhibition of the CK2 kinase activity. CK2-dependent regulation of FBP1 serves as an extension of the knowledge of the CK2-based network. Inhibition of CK2 could represent a further option in the therapy of insulin-dependent diseases

Development of a CHO production medium utilizing proteomic and metabolomics analysis

productivity. Metabolomics and proteomic analysis was conducted on two medium formulations with disparate growth and production characteristics. Medium formulation 1 (M1) demonstrates moderate peak VCD with a high specific productivity (qP) over a 14 day growth performance assay utilizing a recombinant IgG producing CHO-S cell line and DG44 cell line. Medium formulation 2 (M2) demonstrates a high peak VCD with moderate qP under the same conditions and cell line. A comparative analysis of metabolite abundance and enzyme regulation identified that M1 had greater flux in the sorbitol pathway verses glycolysis, the TCA cycle was upregulated to a greater degree than M2. A Design of Experiment (DoE) study was developed to increase the specific productivity of M1 without decreasing the VCD to M2 levels resulting in a superior volumetric titer. Simultaneously, we utilized traditional empirical approaches to increase the qP of M2 in a parallel set of experiments. We describe here the path to develop the medium, metabolic and proteomic pathways which were found to be important, and a comparison of results based on the traditional empirical path verses the hypothesis based advanced cellular analytics path

Sorptive removal of short‑chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during drinking water treatment using activated carbon and anion exchanger

Laboratory tests and column tests were carried out in a waterwoks to investigate the removal of short- and longchain PFAS using activated carbon filtration and ion exchange treatment. For all adsorbents, the sorption affinity of short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA) was significantly lower than that of long-chain PFAS or short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSA). In the PFAS-polluted groundwater matrix, the short-chain PFCA PFBA and PFPeA could only be sufficiently removed with activated carbon over short run times of 6000 and 11,000 bed volumes (BV), respectively. Longer PFCA with a chain length of C6 or more were removed over longer run times. The removal of short-chain PFCA using ion exchange media could also only be achieved over relatively short run times of 5000 BV for PFBA, 10,000BV for PFPeA and 18,000 BV for PFHxA. These are sometimes significantly longer than those of activated carbon. Due to the higher material costs for ion exchange media, there are nevertheless no lower operating costs when the ion exchangers are used in single-use mode. However, ion exchangers can be regenerated and then reused which can result in economic advantages compared to activated carbon filtration. However, for the extensive regeneration, especially for the elution of the long-chain PFAS, the additional use of ethanol is needed in the process. In contrast, the short-chain PFBA and PFPeA can be extracted without organic solvent from a weakly basic ion exchanger