Comparison and cross-validation of anthropometric and bioelectric impedance equations to estimate lean body mass of ctro students

Este estudo objetivou comparar e realizar a validação cruzada da predição da massa corporal magra (MCM) proveniente de equações antropométricas e da impedância bioelétrica, utilizando a MCM obtida após a densidade corporal, M CM den, de alunos do Núcleo de Preparação de Oficiais da Reserva (NPOR), como variável critério. A amostra foi composta por 18 alunos (7 idade = 18,5 ± 0,4 anos) e as variáveis analisadas foram: massa corporal (MC), estatura (E), perímetro abdominal umbilical (pabu), dobra cutânea abdominal horizontal (dcabh) e densidade corporal pelo peso hidrostático. O aparelho Valhalla 1990B gerou a M C M valh, a resistência e reatância. A estatística constou da correlação de Pearson, coeficiente de determinação, regressão linear simples e teste t dependente. As equações antropométricas de Wilmore & Behnke (1969) (WB1 e WB2) e a de Slaughter & Lohman (1980) (SLA), as equações de impedância bioelétrica de Lohman (1992) (LOH), de Segal et alii (1988) (SEG) e a M C M valh informada pelo Valhalla 1990B, foram utilizadas como variáveis preditoras. Somente a equação antropométrica WB2 (MCM = 44,636 + 1,0817*MC - 0,7396*pabu) apresentou validação cruzada em relação a M CM den- A s equações WB1, LOH, SEG e M C M valh não foram validadas por apresentarem diferenças significativas com a M C M den ,e a de SLA por elevado erro padrão de estimativaThe objective of this study was to compare and validate the estimation of lean body mass (LBM) in students from the Centre for Training of Reserve Officers by means of a body impedance device, anthropometric and body impedance regression equations. Eighteen men aged 18-19 years took part in the study. Anthropometric measurements consisted of weight (kg), height (cm), abdominal girth (abg, cm), horizontal abdominal skinfold (mm) and body density (BD) by means of hydrostatic weighting. Resistance, reactance and M C M Valh values were obtained from a Valhalla 1990B equipment. Pearson correlation, coefficient of determination, linear simple regression, standard error of estimate and, Student paired t-test were used for data analysis. LBM Den was obtained after BD and was used as criteria and the anthropometric equations of Wilmore and Behnke (1969), Slaughter and Lohman (1980) and BIA equations for LBM developed by Lohman (1992), Segal et alii (1988) and L B M Valh were the predictor. It was found that only the equation of Wilmore and Behnke, WB1, where, LBM = 44.636 + 1.0817*weight - 0.7396*abg, was validated for the estimation of the LBM dens of the present sampl

Cardiovascular and enjoyment comparisons after active videogame and running in type 1 diabetes patients:A randomized crossover trial

International audienceBackground: Active videogames (AVG) have been primarily studied in healthy individuals. To use the technology in type-1 diabetes (T1DM) patients, cardiovascular and enjoyment responses should be studied and compared with traditional exercises.Objective: To compare the effects of AVG and running exercises on cardiovascular and enjoyment responses in T1DM patients. Methods: Cardiovascular (heart rate–HR, blood pressure–BP, double product–DP, vessel size–VD, and endothelial function–%EF) and enjoyment levels were recorded during three weeks and twice per week. On the first day, patients completed baseline assessments, familiarization, and a 30-minute control session. On the second day and after 24 hours, the measurements were repeated. Patients repeated the same protocol in the second and third weeks and performed randomized active sessions.Results: T1DM patients had similar cardiovascular responses during active exercises without significant post-exercise hypotension to HR, BP, and DP over time. However, VD and %EF values were higher in AVG, followed by running and rest, 30 minutes and after 24 hours (VDAVG: 39.6 ± 9.5, 48.8 ± 12.3, and 56.6 ± 13.9 mm; VDRunning: 41.5 ± 9.9, 47.4 ± 10.1, and 46.4 ± 12.4 mm; %EFAVG: 9.6 ± 8.5, 29.6 ± 17.1, and 45.4 ± 25.9 %; %EFRunning: 7.3 ± 9.4, 14.8 ± 14.1, and 26.8 ± 18.9 %, p < 0.05). Enjoyment was also higher in AVG compared to the running session (9.4 ± 0.7 vs. 7.7 ± 1.6; p < 0.05).Conclusions: AVG presented similar cardiovascular responses to running with higher endothelial and enjoyment levels

Modificações no índice de massa corporal em mulheres idosas após um programa de reabilitação física

O envelhecimento é um processo complexo, cujas alterações determinam mudanças estruturais e funcionais no corpo humano. Este estudo tem por objetivos: analisar as alterações antropométricas e da composição corporal (massa gorda e massa corporal magra) após a realização de um programa de exercícios em mulheres idosas, e verificar o impacto destas alterações sobre os estratos Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Estudou-se 160 mulheres idosas (63,8±2,9 anos) participantes de um programa de atividades físicas sistematizadas durante doze semanas. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas e da composição corporal antes e após o período de intervenção. O IMC foi utilizado para avaliar adequação do peso corporal e o estado nutricional. Após a intervenção foram observadas reduções significantes na massa corporal total (68,2 ± 9,4 vs 67,2 ± 9,3; p&lt;0,001), massa gorda (23,9 ± 5,3 vs 23,4 ± 5,0; p=&lt;0,001), massa corporal magra (44,3 ± 5,2 vs 43,8 ± 5,3; p&lt;0,001) e no IMC (21,8 ± 3,0 vs 21,4 ± 3,0; p=&lt;0,001). Foram verificadas diferenças significantes entre os estratos do IMC após intervenção (p&lt;0.001). O programa promoveu alterações nos componentes da composição corporal, as quais envolveram reduções da adiposidade corporal e da massa corporal, além de ter contribuído com o controle do IMC em idosas.The aging is a complex process, where alterations of body composition determine structural and functional changes in the human body. This study aims to analyze the anthropometric and body composition (fat mass and lean body mass) alterations after a physical rehabilitation program in elderly women, and to verify these alterations between status of BMI. The sample consisted of 160 elderly women (63.8 ± 2.9 years) engaged in a program of systematic activities for twelve weeks. Anthropometric and body composition before and after the intervention period were performed. BMI was used to evaluate body composition as well as the nutritional status. After intervention, significant reductions were observed in total body mass (68.2 ± 9.4 vs 67.2 ± 9.3, p &lt; 0.001), fat mass (23.9 ± 5.3 vs 23.4 ± 5.0, p = &lt; 0.001) , lean body mass (44.3 ± 5.2 vs 43.8 ± 5.3, p &lt; 0.001) and BMI (21.8 ± 3.0 vs 21.4 ± 3.0, p = &lt; 0.001). Significant differences among BMI strata were observed (p &lt;0.001). The program brought about changes in body composition components, which involved reduction of body fat and body mass, besides contributing to the control of BMI in elderly

As particularidades clínicas da otite média: Clinical features of otitis media

A otite média é um processo inflamatório de evolução abrupta, acompanhado pelo quadro clínico típico de inflamação na orelha média, sendo sua incidência prevalente em crianças, culminando em leves repercussões clínicas, mas que deve ser adequadamente diagnosticada e tratada. Este evento clínico pode ser agudo, subagudo ou crônico com aparições típicas, evolução e manejo clínico diferenciados. O seguinte artigo é uma revisão narrativa de literatura que visa analisar a respeito das principais particularidades clínicas da Otite Média. Diante das informações coletadas, pode se elucidar que a otite média é o fator causal para implicações negativas e antibioticoterapia em crianças, logo é essencial medidas para diagnose precoce para evitar repercussões na saúde destes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types