Identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes involved in the resistance to multiple stresses during Very-High-Gravity and lignocellulosic biomass industrial fermentations

Most of the current processes for bioethanol production are based on the use of Very-High-Gravity (VHG) technology and the processing of lignocellulosic biomass, limited by the high osmotic pressure and ethanol concentration in the fermentation medium, and by inhibitors resulting from biomass pre-treatments, respectively. Aiming the optimization of strains for industrial bioethanol production an integrated approach was undertaken to identify genes required for simultaneous yeast resistance to different fermentation-related stresses. The integration of previous chemogenomics data was used to identify eight genes whose expression confers simultaneous resistance to high concentrations of glucose, acetic acid and ethanol, chemical stresses relevant for VHG fermentations; and eleven genes conferring simultaneous resistance to different inhibitors present during lignocellulosic fermentations. The expression of BUD31 and HPR1 lead to the increase of both ethanol yield and fermentation rate, while PHO85, VRP1 and YGL024w expression is required for maximal ethanol production in VHG fermentations. Five genes, ERG2, PRS3, RAV1, RPB4 and VMA8 were found to contribute to the maintenance of cell viability in wheat straw hydrolysate and/or for maximal fermentation rate of this substrate [1]. Moreover, the yeast disruptome was screened for strains with increased susceptibility to inhibitory compounds present in an industrial lignocellulosic hydrolysate obtained from wheat straw. With this genome-wide analysis, 42 determinants of resistance to inhibitors were identified showing a high susceptibility phenotype compared to the parental strain. The identified genes stand as preferential targets for genetic engineering manipulation to generate more robust and efficient industrial strains

Identification of candidate genes for yeast engineering to improve bioethanol production in very high gravity and lignocellulosic biomass industrial fermentations

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The optimization of industrial bioethanol production will depend on the rational design and manipulation of industrial strains to improve their robustness against the many stress factors affecting their performance during very high gravity (VHG) or lignocellulosic fermentations. In this study, a set of <it>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </it>genes found, through genome-wide screenings, to confer resistance to the simultaneous presence of different relevant stresses were identified as required for maximal fermentation performance under industrial conditions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Chemogenomics data were used to identify eight genes whose expression confers simultaneous resistance to high concentrations of glucose, acetic acid and ethanol, chemical stresses relevant for VHG fermentations; and eleven genes conferring simultaneous resistance to stresses relevant during lignocellulosic fermentations. These eleven genes were identified based on two different sets: one with five genes granting simultaneous resistance to ethanol, acetic acid and furfural, and the other with six genes providing simultaneous resistance to ethanol, acetic acid and vanillin. The expression of <it>Bud31 </it>and <it>Hpr1 </it>was found to lead to the increase of both ethanol yield and fermentation rate, while <it>Pho85</it>, <it>Vrp1 </it>and <it>Ygl024w </it>expression is required for maximal ethanol production in VHG fermentations. Five genes, <it>Erg2</it>, <it>Prs3</it>, <it>Rav1</it>, <it>Rpb4 </it>and <it>Vma8</it>, were found to contribute to the maintenance of cell viability in wheat straw hydrolysate and/or the maximal fermentation rate of this substrate.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The identified genes stand as preferential targets for genetic engineering manipulation in order to generate more robust industrial strains, able to cope with the most significant fermentation stresses and, thus, to increase ethanol production rate and final ethanol titers.</p

Dento-alveolar trauma rehabilitation using fixed prosthesis: clinical case report

Dental trauma is an unexpected, accidental event and requires immediate emergency attention. There are several etiological factors and almost any collision between the face and an object can result in a dental trauma. Objective: The objective of this study is to report a case of dento-alveolar trauma and its dental management, promoting the patient's well-being, restoring health, function and aesthetics. Case report: A 20-year-old male patient came to the dental clinic of CEUNI - FAMETRO complaining of dissatisfaction with his broken tooth after a sports collision. Intraoral clinical examination revealed a large coronary loss below the gingival level in element 15, leaving only the buccal and lingual faces. In the initial radiographic examination, it was verified the presence of an endodontic treatment already performed, but endodontic retreatment was necessary, due to exposure and contamination of the filling material. The treatment plan proposed to the patient consisted of rehabilitation with an intraradicular retainer and then the cementation of a ceramic crown. Conclusion: The study concluded that the rehabilitation with the use of an intraradicular retainer, the fiberglass pin and the metal-free ceramic crown also obtained good results. Thus, it was observed that these materials were able to return the functionality of the tooth, oral health and aesthetics with a natural aspect to the element, the patient reported that he was very satisfied with the final result of his treatment

Síndrome metabólico em crianças obesas: resultados de 1 ano de intervenção.

[Resumo][Abstract

Metastatic Hemangiosarcoma in a Cow

Background: Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial cells that mainly affects dogs and is less common in horses, cattle, goats, pigs, and sheep. In ruminants, however, few cases of hemangiosarcoma have been reported. Although this neoplasm may primarily occur in any tissue, it most often originates in the spleen, liver, heart, and skin. This study reports the clinical and pathological findings of a bovine hemangiosarcoma.Case: A 10-year-old lactating Girolando cow from the municipality of Vassouras/RJ was examinated because of uncontrolled cough and bilateral hemoptysis, loss of appetite, fever, weight loss, severe decline in milk production (a decrease of 28 L), and respiratory wheezing during chest auscultation. We performed a necropsy and collected fragments of various organs which were fixed using 10% buffered formalin and sent to the Pathology Anatomy Sector (SAP) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) for routine histological assessment. Macroscopically, large hemorrhagic areas were observed in the lungs, mainly in the cranioventral portion of the pulmonary lobes, multifocal areas of hemorrhages in the liver, and a 10x8x5 cm soft red mass was observed in the spleen. Microscopically, was observed lung proliferation of endothelial cellsarranged in tapes, supported by a collagenous stroma associated with severe multifocal lobular hemorrhage with a large number of siderophages and diffuse and marked edema, and congestion. In the mediastinal lymph node, liver, and spleen, the proliferation of neoplastic endothelial cells equivalent to those described in the lungs was observed. The histologicalsections of liver and tumor spleen were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for von Willebrand factor, in which marking was observed in neoplastic endothelial cells.Discussion: Previously, neoplasms in Brazilian cattle have been presented as case reports or, more recently, as scarce retrospective studies, signifying that hemangiosarcoma is a rare neoplasm in the bovine species. Among several studies, we highlight the one conducted in Rio Grande do Sul with neoplastic lesions found in bovine slaughterhouses, in which onlyone case of hemangiosarcoma was observed in 1.5% (1 of 65) cattle. In addition, similarities were also noted in a study of neoplastic lesions in bovine slaughterhouses in Canada, in which hemangiosarcoma was diagnosed in 0.3% (4 of 1370) cattle. In the present study, the positive immunostaining of neoplastic endothelial cells was easily identified from von Willebrand factor, also called factor VIII, and is similar to other studies described in the literature. In a serie of twelve cases of vascular tumors in domestic animals (dogs, horses and cattle), 100% were positive for von Willebrand factor and served to distinguish tumors of epithelial or histiocytic origin. Although the clinical signs observed in our case are non-specific, hemoptysis was the most intense signal and the only clinical manifestation that may indicate an important pulmonary lesionthat indicated possible pulmonary neoplasm. Among other diseases, the acute form of Pteridium aquilinum poisoning, thrombocytopenia, anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity and vena cava syndrome might cause hemoptysis, and therefore, should be incorporated in the list of differential diagnoses of neoplasm that occur with pulmonary metastasis. Further, neoplastic and or hemorrhagic diseases affecting cattle should be differentiated of hemangiosarcoma.Keywords: hemangiosarcoma, diseases of cattle, neoplasia

Corticosteroid effect upon intestinal and hepatic interleukin profile in a gastroschisis rat model

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of corticosteroids on intestinal and liver interleukin profile in an experimental model of gastroschisis in fetal rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats at 19.5 days of gestation had its fetuses operated for the creation of gastroschisis. Two groups of fetuses were studied with and without maternal administration of dexamethasone. Each group was composed of fetuses who underwent gastroschisis (G), control fetuses without manipulation (C) and sham fetuses (S). A dosage of the following interleukins was carried out in fetal intestinal and liver tissues: IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-&#945;) and interferon-gamma (IFN-&#947;). The differences between the groups and subgroups were tested by ANOVA with Tukey post-test, with significant values of p<0.05. RESULTS: Dexamethasone led to an increase in intestinal and liver IL-6 (p<0.05) and a decrease in intestinal TNF-&#945; (p<0.001) in fetuses with gastroschisis. CONCLUSION: Corticosteroids had an effect on the intestinal interleukin profile and a small effect on the liver interleukin profile due to immunological immaturity of the fetus, and also of fetuses with gastroschisis. The steroid action may not be exclusively anti-inflammatory, but also pro-inflammatory, varying with time of pregnancy

Panorama dos atendimentos em caráter de urgência no Brasil: perfil epidemiológico e mortalidade

No âmbito do modelo biomédico, a urgência é conceituada como um estado clínico agudo que, embora não apresente risco iminente à vida, demanda intervenção imediata. Todavia, a Política Nacional de Atendimento às Urgências no Brasil estende essa definição, buscando assegurar um cuidado integral através da integração efetiva da rede de saúde. Apesar de dados acessíveis em fontes como o DATASUS, há uma notável carência de estudos que abordem abrangentemente o panorama dos atendimentos de urgência no país. A compreensão do perfil epidemiológico é crucial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias específicas voltadas aos grupos de risco

Recursos locais para aplicações multifuncionais de captação de energia com base em tetraedrite

CIES2020 - XVII Congresso Ibérico e XIII Congresso Ibero-americano de Energia SolarRESUMO: Este trabalho descreve as principais linhas de investigação que estão em curso no âmbito do projeto LocalEnergy (http://localenergy.lneg.pt). LocalEnergy é um projeto multidisciplinar de Investigação, Desenvolvimento e Inovação (I&D&I), envolvendo atividades no domínio da ciência dos materiais, da geologia e das energias renováveis. Essas atividades estão orientadas para a indústria e assentam numa abordagem disruptiva visando o desenvolvimento de materiais termoelétricos, através da utilização de materiais à base de tetraedrites naturais e sintéticas, e o desenvolvimento de novos absorsores para células solares de filmes finos, usando materiais à base de tetraedrites sintéticas. Considerando que Portugal é um dos países europeus com maior nível de irradiação de energia solar e que a tetraedrite é um recurso mineral local, presente na Zona Sul Portuguesa da Faixa Piritosa Ibérica, o projeto LocalEnergy representa uma oportunidade para o desenvolvimento de sistemas energéticos sustentáveis baseados na maximização e exploração de dois importantes recursos endógenos (energia solar e recursos minerais).ABSTRACT: This work describes the main lines of investigation that are underway within LocalEnergy project (http://localenergy.lneg.pt). LocalEnergy is a multidisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation project, involving activities in the field of materials science, geology and renewable energies. These activities are oriented towards the industry and are based on a disruptive approach aimed at the development of thermoelectric materials, through the use of materials based on natural and synthetic tetrahedrites, and the development of new absorbers for thin film solar cells, using materials based on synthetic tetrahedrites. Considering that Portugal is one of the European countries with the highest level of irradiation of solar energy and that tetrahedrite is a local mineral resource, present in the Portuguese zone of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, LocalEnergy project represents an opportunity for the development of sustainable energy systems based on the maximization and exploration of two important endogenous resources (solar energy and mineral resources).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Morinda citrifolia linn leaf extract possesses antioxidant activities and reduces nociceptive behavior and leukocyte migration

This is a copy of an article published in the Journal of Medicinal Food© 2011 - copyright Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; Journal of Medicinal Food is available online at: http://online.liebertpub.comHerbal drugs have been used since ancient times to treat a wide range of diseases. Morinda citrifolia Linn (popularly known as ‘‘Noni’’) has been used in folk medicine by Polynesians for over 2,000 years. It is reported to have a broad range of therapeutic effects, including effects against headache, fever, arthritis, gingivitis, respiratory disorders, infections, tuberculosis, and diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antibacterial properties of the aqueous extract from M. citrifolia leaves (AEMC). Antioxidant activity was observed against lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radicals. The antinociceptive effect of AEMC was observed in the acetic acid–induced writhing test at the higher dose. Moreover, AEMC significantly reduced the leukocyte migration in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg and showed mild antibacterial activity. Together, the results suggest that properties of M. citrifolia leaf extract should be explored further in order to achieve newer tools for managing painful and inflammation conditions, including those related to oxidant states