Considerations for an incubation chamber for continuous viral inactivation

Continuous bioprocessing offers numerous benefits that have been highlighted recently in the literature. While substantial research efforts have allowed for relevant developments in continuous cell culture processes, downstream challenges, such as continuous viral inactivation, have not been addressed. The purpose of this work is to design a chamber that incubates a continuous product stream for a desired incubation time, typically for 1 hour. Since plug-flow cannot be achieved at typical incubation times and flow rates, one of the biggest challenges is to address dispersion of the product stream. Since several logs of viral clearance should be achieved during a virus removal step, the restriction is that only 1-10ppm of the original product should exit the chamber before the specified time. In this work, an initial design is chosen such that the incubation chamber is easy to handle, has a small footprint, and there are no pressure concerns at the desired flow rates. Pulse response experiments have been performed to generate cumulative residence time distribution functions. The average residence time distribution function was used to find the time at which 1 ppm of the original tracer concentration passes through the chamber. An orthogonal method should be used to verify that the diluted tracer concentration falls under the predicted value at the desired time. Thus, the starting tracer solution must be concentrated enough such that a concentration of 1 ppm can be measured by a highly sensitive technique. In this work, a tracer solution and a method of detection were selected. Preliminary results of chamber design will be shown and current challenges will be shared

El concepto de discapacidad y su protección patrimonial

El concepto de discapacitado es analizado desde diferentes ámbitos tanto desde las perspectivas: doctrinales, en las normativas del Derecho Internacional, el Derecho de la Unión Europea, el Derecho Español y su jurisprudencia, en este último se centra su estudio en el grado discapacidad, por lo que se estudia la declaración de la persona con discapacidad. Una vez aclaradas que personas son discapacitadas, se inicia el estudio de los efectos jurídicos que conlleva a la persona con discapacidad para ser beneficiaria del patrimonio protegido. Inmediatamente, el estudio profundiza que finalidad tiene el patrimonio protegido en la persona con discapacidad, conllevando el estudio de sus características y su naturaleza jurídica, con el análisis de la figura jurídica de la autotutela y su función. Por otra parte, se estudia la figura jurídica del Trust como alternativa a la protección patrimonial de la persona con discapacidad. Una vez sentadas estas bases se inicia el estudio del patrimonio protegido sus diferentes elementos como su constitución, sus aportaciones y su constancia registral, así como su supervisión y los problemas que conlleva y, finalmente su extinción y sus consecuencias jurídicas. Aclarados los elementos que configuran el patrimonio protegido, el estudio se profundiza en la protección de la persona con discapacidad en el Derecho sucesorio y sus distintas figuras jurídicas que existen en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico como la indignidad para suceder, el Derecho de uso y habitación como elementos protectores de la persona con discapacidad. Por otro lado, también se indaga en el estudio de la protección del incapacitado judicial en la sustitución fideicomisaria, la aplicación del artículo 813 del Código civil y sus efectos, una vez analizadas estas figuras jurídicas, se procede al estudio de la exención de la colación de la persona con discapacidad y, finalmente se centra en el estudio de la extinción de la fiducia y sus consecuencias jurídicas. Por lo que, esta tarea ha sido objeto de un análisis estrictamente del Derecho Civil utilizándose exhaustivamente, materiales doctrinales y jurisprudenciales para obtener una mejor comprensión

Características epidemiológicas del SARS-Cov-2 y consideraciones en el manejo odontológico A epidemiological characteristics of SARS-Cov-2 and aspects of dental management

 Despite the measures implemented worldwide, the spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is on the rise, which is why it is important to know the characteristics of the disease, as well as different considerations to take into account in dental clinical management. This pandemic obliges all health professionals to know their epidemiological characteristics, in order to generate preventive measures and care protocols that are necessary and important in these cases, respecting the biosafety regulations in order to avoid contagions between patient-professionals and professionals-patients. In the dental area, most clinical procedures are related to the direct contact of aerosols,  which are a considerable source of contamination, which is why in this work a review of the epidemiological aspects of COVID-19 and the care to be taken in dental care.  A pesar de las medidas implementadas a nivel mundial, el contagio por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 va en aumento, de ahí que es trascendental conocer las características de la enfermedad, así como diferentes consideraciones a tener en el manejo clínico odontológico. Esta pandemia obliga a todos los profesionales de la salud a conocer sus particularidades epidemiológicas, para así generar medidas de prevención y protocolos de atención necesarios e importantes en estos casos, respetando las normas de bioseguridad con la finalidad de evitar contagios entre paciente-profesional y viceversa. En el área odontológica la mayoría de procedimientos clínicos están relacionados con el contacto directo de aerosoles, que son una fuente considerable de contaminación, de ahí que en el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión de los aspectos epidemiológicos del COVID-19 y los cuidados a tomar en la atención odontológica. 

Análisis comparativo de la contaminación en barras de gutapercha

An in vitro analytical research was carried out in the general laboratory of the "Carlos Andrade Marín" Hospital. The population consisted of 20 bars of Meta®Biomed brand gutta-percha (Korea) distributed in four groups made up of 5 bars according to the pre-established characteristics in terms of thermoplasticization and handling. Only 15% of the selected samples showed signs of bacterial growth, of which 66.67% belonged to the group of solid gutta-percha bars that were manipulated, establishing specific differences with respect to the rest of the groups (p≤0.01), according to the T-students test. Most of the samples have no evidence of bacterial growth. However, two of the three samples that showed this microbiological activity belonged to the group of solid gutta-percha bars that were manipulated.Se realizó una investigación analítica realizada in vitro en el laboratorio general del Hospital “Carlos Andrade Marín”. La población estuvo compuesta por 20 barras de gutapercha marca Meta®Biomed (Korea) distribuidas en cuatro grupos compuestos por 5 barras atendiendo a características preestablecidas en cuanto a realización de termoplastificación y manipulación. Solo el 15% de las muestras mostró indicios de crecimiento bacteriano, de las que el 66,67% pertenecieron al grupo de barras sólidas de gutapercha que fueron manipuladas, estableciéndose diferencias significativas con respecto al resto de los grupos (p≤0.01), según la prueba de T-students. La mayoría de las muestras no mostró indicios de crecimiento bacteriano. Sin embargo, dos de las tres muestras que manifestaron esa actividad microbiológica pertenecieron al grupo de las barras sólidas de gutapercha que fueron manipuladas

Evaluación topográfica de limas reciprocantes, posterior a la instrumentación de conductos curvos. Estudio ex vivo

Objective. To evaluate the wear (roughness) and topographic changes of the Wave One Gold primary and Reciproc Blue R25 files after instrumentation at 3, 6 and 9 uses in curved canals. Methods. Ex vivo study, consisting of 10 new Reciproc Blue R25 and 5 Wave One Gold primary reciprocating files and 46 mandibular first molars with severe curvature. Molars were divided into 2 groups (23 molars in each group): group 1 Reciproc Blue R25/.08 and group 2 Wave One Gold Primary (25/.07). Reciprocating files from the two groups were analyzed with the contact profilometer at 0, 3, 6 and 9 uses. The measurement was made in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds, and in each analysis, 2 files were observed with the Scanning Electron Microscope. Subsequently, the analysis in the SPSS version 26 IBM ® program was performed using t-Student and Anova tests for normality (p<0.05). Results. There is no significant difference between Wave One Gold primary and Reciproc Blue R25 (p>0.05) in any third of the file; however, there is a significant difference in the wear of the file after the ninth use at the three third levels: apical (p<0.001), middle (p=0.05), cervical (p=0.01). Conclusions. Wave One Gold primary and Reciproc Blue R25 files present superficial changes from the instrumentation of four root canals, the greatest deformation of the files occured at the apical level. The greater the use of the files, the greater the wear of the surface.Objetivo. Evaluar el desgaste (rugosidad) y los cambios topográficos de las limas Wave One Gold Primary y Reciproc Blue R25 posterior a la instrumentación a los 3, 6 y 9 usos en conductos curvos. Métodos. Estudio ex vivo, constituido por 10 limas reciprocantes nuevas Reciproc Blue R25 y 5 Wave One Gold Primary y 46 primeros molares mandibulares con curvatura severa. Los molares fueron divididos en dos grupos (23 molares en cada uno): grupo 1 Reciproc Blue R25/.08 y grupo 2 Wave One Gold Primary (25/.07). Limas reciprocantes de los dos grupos fueron analizadas con el perfilómetro de contacto a los 0, 3, 6 y 9 usos; la medición se realizó en los tercios apical, medio, coronal y en cada análisis dos limas se observaron con el microscopio electrónico de barrido. Posteriormente, el análisis en el programa SPSS versión 26 IBM ®; fue realizado usando pruebas de normalidad, t- Student y ANOVA (p<0,05). Resultados. No existe diferencia significativa entre Wave One Gold Primary y Reciproc Blue R25 (p>0,05) en ningún tercio de la lima; sin embargo, existe diferencia significativa en el desgaste de la lima al noveno uso a nivel de los tres tercios: apical (p<0,001), medio (p=0,05), cervical (p=0,01). Conclusión. Limas Wave One Gold Primary y Reciproc Blue R25 presentan cambios superficiales a partir de la instrumentación de cuatro canales radiculares, la mayor deformación de las limas se presentó a nivel apical. Cuanto mayor es el uso de las limas, mayor desgaste de la superficie se presenta

Novel function of transcription factor Uga3 as an activator of branched-chain amino acid permease BAP2 gene expression

Transcription regulation of most genes in yeast occurs at the level of activation, i.e. the basal level of expression is very low and increased transcription requires gene-specific transcription factors allowing the recruitment of basal transcriptional machinery. Saccharomyces cerevisiae BAP2 gene encodes the permease responsible for the major part of leucine, valine and isoleucine uptake, amino acids that this yeast can use as nitrogen sources. Moreover, BAP2 expression is known to be induced by the presence of amino acids such as leucine. In this context, the current results show that BAP2 is an inducible gene in the presence of nitrogen-poor source proline but exhibits high constitutive non-inducible expression in nitrogen-rich source ammonium. BAP2 expression is regulated by the SPS sensor system and transcription factors Leu3, Gcn4 and Dal81 in both a direct and an indirect way depending on the quality of the nitrogen source. We further demonstrate here that a physical interaction occurs between Uga3 ‒the transcriptional activator responsible for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-dependent induction of the GABA genes‒ and the regulatory region of the BAP2 gene, which leads to a strong positive regulation.Fil: Muñoz, Sebastian Anibal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Gulias, Juan Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Valencia Guillen, Jenniffer. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Correa Garcia, Susana Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Bermudez Moretti, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

Gamma passing rates of daily EPID transit images correlate to PTV coverage for breast cancer IMRT treatment plans

The use of the transit image obtained with the electronic portal-imaging device (EPID) is becoming an extended method to perform in-vivodosimetry. The transit images acquired during each fraction can be comparedwith a predicted image, if available, or with a baseline image, usually theobtained in the first fraction.This work aims to study the dosimetric impact of thefailing fractions and to evaluate the appropriateness of using a baseline imagein breast plans.Material and methods:Twenty breast patients treated in a Halcyon were ret-rospectively selected. For each patient and fraction, the treatment plan wascalculated over the daily CBCT image.For each fraction,the differences respectto the treatment plan values of OARs and PTV dosimetric parameters wereanalyzed:¿Dmean,¿D95%,¿D98%,¿D2%,¿V36Gy,¿V38.5Gy, and¿V43.5Gy.Daily fractions were ranked according to the differences found in the dosimet-ric parameters between the treatment plan and the daily CBCT to establish thebest fraction.The daily transit images acquired in every fraction were comparedto the first fraction using the global gamma index with the Portal Dosime-try tool. The comparison was repeated using the best fraction image as abaseline.We assessed the correlation of the dosimetric differences obtained from theCBCT images-based treatment plans with the gamma index passing ratesobtained using first fraction and best fraction as baseline.Results:Average values of -11.6% [-21.4%, -3.3%] and -3.2% [-1.0%, -10.3%]for the¿PTVD98% and¿PTVD95% per every 10% decrease in the passingrate were found, respectively.When using the best fraction as baseline patients were detected with failingfractions that were not detected with the first fraction as baseline.Conclusion:The gamma passing rates of daily transit images correlate withthe coverage loss parameters in breast IMRT plans. Using first fraction imageas baseline can lead to the non-detectability of failing fractionsPeer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i BenestarPostprint (published version

CONHECIMENTO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM SOBRE DERMATITE ASSOCIADA A INCONTINÊNCIA E LESÃO POR PRESSÃO

RESUMO A dermatite associada a incontinência (DAI) e lesão por pressão (LP) é dano que acomete a pele, principalmente de indivíduos hospitalizados em situações críticas. Esses eventos podem ter apresentação clínica semelhante, sendo fundamental que os profissionais de saúde saibam diferenciá-los. Este estudo visa avaliar o conhecimento da equipe de Enfermagem quanto à LP nos estágios 1 e 2 e da DAI em relação ao conceito, identificação, prevenção e tratamento. É pesquisa descritiva exploratória, transversal, com análise quantitativa, realizada com 76 profissionais de Enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados no mês de outubro de 2017 e foi realizada abordagem prévia com os profissionais para informá-los sobre a pesquisa e o questionário. O instrumento foi distribuído aos participantes durante o horário de trabalho, e estes o preencheram e retornaram aos pesquisadores. Foi aplicado questionário com questões sobre definição, avaliação e prevenção e tratamento da DAI e LP. O estudo revelou no teste de conhecimento que, entre as alterações cutâneas de DAI e LP, os acertos foram maiores naquelas questões sobre a DAI. Em relação à categoria avaliação, o índice de acertos foi próximo do médio (56,58%). Na categoria prevenção e tratamento, o maior percentual de acertos foi entre questões que envolviam a importância da capacitação dos profissionais e medidas de cuidados diretos ao paciente. Concluiu-se que, entre as afecções cutâneas DAI e LP nos estágios iniciais, os profissionais demonstraram menos conhecimento sobre a LP

Tratamiento de la fragilidad y apatía a través de actividades psicomotrices en la enfermedad de Alzheimer

Objective: To implement an Occupational Therapy treatment in elderly people with dementia and frailty Method: A longitudinal study of a sample of 23 users, 14 women and 9 men aged between 71 and 92 is performed, the average age 84.66 years, users of a residence, presenting frailty and dementia. Carried out an initial assessment and final tests with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR), participants attend occupational therapy sessions. Statistical analysis: it was performed nonparametric Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation and Mann Whitney U test. Results: We observed that the levels of fragility do not improve, there is no relationship of age with frailty, the level of apathy does not decrease with the intervention, there is no difference in the score of apathy or fragility by sex. Conclusions: the results indicate a maintenance of vital functions on both scales, which can be considered beneficial when dealing with degenerative processes.Objetivo: Implementar un tratamiento de Terapia Ocupacional en personas mayores con demencia y fragilidad.                                                                                                Método: Se realiza un estudio longitudinal sobre una muestra de 23 usuarios, 14 mujeres y 9 hombres con edades comprendidas entre 71 y 92, siendo la edad media 84.66 años, usuarios de una residencia, que presentan fragilidad y demencia. Se lleva a cabo una evaluación inicial y otra final con las pruebas Batería Corta del Desempeño Físico (SPPB) y Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR), los participantes asisten a sesiones de Terapia Ocupacional.        Análisis estadístico: se llevan a cabo pruebas no paramétricas de Wilcoxon, Correlación de Spearman y U de Mann Whitney.                                                                                    Resultados: se observa que los niveles de fragilidad no mejoran, que no hay relación de la edad con la fragilidad, el nivel de apatía no disminuye con la intervención, no existen diferencias en la puntuación de apatía ni fragilidad según el sexo.                                    Conclusiones. los resultados indican un mantenimiento de las funciones vitales en ambas escalas, lo que se puede considerar beneficioso al tratarse de procesos degenerativos

Thalamic nuclei changes in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Increasing evidence points to the thalamus as an important hub in the clinical symptomatology of the disease, with the ‘limbic thalamus’ been described as especially vulnerable. In this work, we examined thalamic atrophy in early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD) compared to young and old healthy controls (YHC and OHC, respectively) using a recently developed cutting-edge thalamic nuclei segmentation method. A deep learning variant of Thalamus Optimized Multi Atlas Segmentation (THOMAS) was used to parcellate 11 thalamic nuclei per hemisphere from T1-weighted MRI in 88 biomarker-confirmed AD patients (49 EOAD and 39 LOAD) and 58 healthy controls (41 YHC and 17 OHC) with normal AD biomarkers. Nuclei volumes were compared among groups using MANCOVA. Further, Pearson's correlation coefficient was computed between thalamic nuclear volume and cortical—subcortical regions, CSF tau levels, and neuropsychological scores. The results showed widespread thalamic nuclei atrophy in EOAD and LOAD compared to their respective healthy control groups, with EOAD showing additional atrophy in the centromedian and ventral lateral posterior nuclei compared to YHC. In EOAD, increased thalamic nuclei atrophy was associated with posterior parietal atrophy and worse visuospatial abilities, while LOAD thalamic nuclei atrophy was preferentially associated with medial temporal atrophy and worse episodic memory and executive function. Our findings suggest that thalamic nuclei may be differentially affected in AD according to the age at symptoms onset, associated with specific cortical—subcortical regions, CSF total tau and cognition