Los procesos de transformación estratégica en relación con la evolución de las organizaciones.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la transformación de los procesos en la formulación de estrategias con relación a la evolución de la organización. Se determina que el pensamiento estratégico y la formulación de la estrategia han sido privilegio único de la alta dirección hasta los años setenta, cuando el contexto se caracterizó por ser más o menos estable, en el que las ventajas comparativas eran suficientes para alcanzar el éxito de la organización a partir de la función de la gerencia tradicional. Sin embargo, al cambiar el medio ambiente competitivo por el fenómeno de la “turbulencia”, con mayor complejidad e incertidumbre, la alta dirección de las organizaciones debe responder a crecientes demandas impuestas por las nuevas condiciones económicas y sociales. Y mediante un proceso continuo de innovación de todas las actividades de la empresa buscar ventajas competitivas sostenibles fundadas en elementos intangibles especialmente, en el “conocimiento”, el cual está interiorizado en todos los miembros de la organización. Por lo tanto, aunque la formulación de la estrategia sigue siendo facultad de la alta dirección, de alguna manera es influida por los demás integrantes de la organización.Transformación estratégica,

Estudio comparativo del blanqueo de la lana por los procedimientos de inmersión e impregnación-vaporizado.

El presente estudio ha tenido por objeto el conocimiento de la mejora del blanco experimentada por dos lanas de diferente coloración cuando se las somete a un blanqueo mixto continuo en una instalación piloto de tipo industrial, efectuando el blanqueo oxidante por el sistema de impregnación-vaporizado y el reductor en los compartimentos de la máquina destinados a tratamientos de lavado o posteriores. Los resultados obtenidos se han comparado con los que se derivan de la aplicación del blanqueo mixto discontinuo convencional, deduciéndose que el blanqueo mixto continuo proporciona blancos iguales o algo inferiores, según el grado de coloración de la lana inicial, degradaciones químicas inferiores, y evidentes ahorros en el consumo de productos, agua y energía térmica.This paper deals with the improvement of whiteness achieved by two kinds of wool, having different colouration, when they are submitted to a continuous and combined bleaching in an industrial pilot unit. The oxidizing bleaching is applied according to the pad-steam method and the reducing one takes place in the boxes of the machine provided for washing or post-treatments. The results found have been compared to the resulting ones from the application of a conventional noncontinuous and combined bleaching: the former provides similar or somewhat lower whiteness, according to the colouration degree of the initial wool, lower chemical degradation and an obvious economy in the consumption of water, heat power and chemicals.La présente étude a eu pour objet la connaissance de l'amélioration du blanc expérimentée par deux laines de différente coloration lorqu'on les soumet à un blanchissage mixte continu dans unes installation pilote industrielle en effectuant le blanchissage oxydant par le systeme imprégnation-vaporisage et celui réducteur dans les compartiments de la machine destinés a des traitements de lavage ou postérieurs. On a comparé les résultats obtenus avec ceux qui dérivent de l'application du blanchissage mixte discontinu conventionnel; on a pu en déduire que dans le blanchissage mixte continu les blancs sont égaux ou un peu inférieurs á ceux du blanchissage mixte discontinu, selon le degré de coloration de la laine initial, que les dégradations chimiques sont inférieures et que l'on réalise des économies évidentes de consommation de produits, d'eau et d'énergie thermique et électrique.Peer Reviewe

Altered electrochemistry of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) after activation of the inserted cobalt ions

Cobalt ions were inserted into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) by cyclic voltammetry in a 0.1M Co(NO3)2 aqueous solution (PEDOT(Co)). After activation of the inserted cobalt, the PEDOT(aCo) system was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, digital video electrochemistry, spectroelectrogravimetry, and coupled impedance techniques (ac-electrogravimetry) to elucidate the key role of inserted cobalt ions in the altered electrochemistry of PEDOT. The incorporation of Co2+ involves slow transfer of cations for charge compensation during 2+⇄3+ conversion inside the PEDOT. This fact explains the enhanced charge storage showed by PEDOT(aCo) compared with pristine PEDOT at similar potentials. Finally, the stability of PEDOT(aCo) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry measuring at the same time current, mass and motional resistance variation during 100 cycles offering high stability at all times.This work was supported by the Spanish E3TECH-PLUS Research Network RED2022-134552-T (MICINN/AEI, Spain). SEM was carried out in the Microscopy Section of Central Service for Experimental Research (SCSIE) of the University of Valencia. Esteban Guillén acknowledges the support from the Generalitat Valenciana (INVEST/2022/431)

Hybrid simulation-optimization based approach for the optimal design of single-product biotechnological processes

In this work, we present a systematic method for the optimal development of bioprocesses that relies on the combined use of simulation packages and optimization tools. One of the main advantages of our method is that it allows for the simultaneous optimization of all the individual components of a bioprocess, including the main upstream and downstream units. The design task is mathematically formulated as a mixed-integer dynamic optimization (MIDO) problem, which is solved by a decomposition method that iterates between primal and master sub-problems. The primal dynamic optimization problem optimizes the operating conditions, bioreactor kinetics and equipment sizes, whereas the master levels entails the solution of a tailored mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that decides on the values of the integer variables (i.e., number of equipments in parallel and topological decisions). The dynamic optimization primal sub-problems are solved via a sequential approach that integrates the process simulator SuperPro Designer® with an external NLP solver implemented in Matlab®. The capabilities of the proposed methodology are illustrated through its application to a typical fermentation process and to the production of the amino acid L-lysine.Support from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (projects DPI2008-04099 and CTQ2009-14420-C02) and the Spanish Ministry of External Affairs (projects A/023551/09, A/031707/10 and HS2007-0006)

Improving the accuracy while preserving the interpretability of fuzzy function approximators by means of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms

AbstractThe identification of a model is one of the key issues in the field of fuzzy system modeling and function approximation theory. An important characteristic that distinguishes fuzzy systems from other techniques in this area is their transparency and interpretability. Especially in the construction of a fuzzy system from a set of given training examples, little attention has been paid to the analysis of the trade-off between complexity and accuracy maintaining the interpretability of the final fuzzy system. In this paper a multi-objective evolutionary approach is proposed to determine a Pareto-optimum set of fuzzy systems with different compromises between their accuracy and complexity. In particular, two fundamental and competing objectives concerning fuzzy system modeling are addressed: fuzzy rule parameter optimization and the identification of system structure (i.e. the number of membership functions and fuzzy rules), taking always in mind the transparency of the obtained system. Another key aspect of the algorithm presented in this work is the use of some new expert evolutionary operators, specifically designed for the problem of fuzzy function approximation, that try to avoid the generation of worse solutions in order to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm

Relationship between the dynamics of telomere loss in peripheral blood leukocytes from osteoarthritis patients and mitochondrial DNA haplogroup

[Abstract] Objective: To evaluate the evolution of telomere length from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in subjects from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) cohort in relation to the incidence of osteoarthritis (OA), and to explore its possible interactive influence with the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Methods: Dynamics of telomere sequence loss were quantified in PBLs from initially healthy individuals (without symptoms or radiological signs), 78 carrying the mtDNA cluster HV, and 47 with cluster JT, from the OAI, during a 72-month follow-up period. The incidence of knee OA during this period (n = 39) was radiographically established when Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) score increased from < 2 at recruitment, to ≥ 2 at the end of 72 months of follow-up. Multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression was performed to assess PBL telomere loss and mtDNA haplogroups as associated risk factors of incidence of knee OA. Results: Carriers of cluster HV showed knee OA incidence twice that of the JT carriers (n = 30 vs 9). The rate of PBL telomere loss was higher in cluster HV carriers and in individuals with incident knee OA. Multivariate analysis showed that the dynamics of PBL telomere shortening can be a consistent risk marker of knee OA incidence. Subjects with nonincident knee OA showed a slower telomere loss than those with incident knee OA; the difference was more significant in carriers of cluster JT than in HV. Conclusion: An increased rate of telomere loss in PBLs may reflect a systemic accelerated senescence phenotype that could be potentiated by the mitochondrial function, increasing the susceptibility of developing knee OA.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI17/01987Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI16/02124Xunta de Galicia; IN607A 2017/1

Governance for Sustainability in an Organization in Central Mexico

Often, the total quality has been instrumented before being weighted. The strategies even precede a diagnosis in Mexican organizations, but in an opposite sense, the present work set out to establish the reliability and validity of an instrument to measure the perception of total quality based on three indicators related to management. , production and transfer of knowledge. A nonperimental study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of 124 administrative staff and employees from an organization in central Mexico. From a structural model ⌠X2 = 123,24 (23df) p = 0,010; GFI = 0,990; CFI =,991; IFI = 0,993; RMSEA = 0,007⌡, it was found that management affects production (0,38) and this about the total perceived quality (0,35), although there are lines of research concerning empathy, commitment, entrepreneurship, satisfaction and happiness in relation to the implementation of continuous improvements to the quality of processes and products

Preharvest application of methyl salicylate, acetyl salicylic acid and salicylic acid alleviated disease caused by Botrytis cinerea through stimulation of antioxidant system in table grapes

The main goal of this study was to describe impact of preharvest application of methyl salicylate (MeSA), acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and salicylic acid (SA) on the reduction of disease caused by Botrytis cinerea in two table grape cultivars (‘Crimson’ and ‘Magenta’). Based on previous studies, MeSA and SA were applied at 0.1 and 0.01mM for both cultivars, while ASA was applied at 1mM in ‘Crimson’ and 0.1mM in ‘Magenta’. At time of harvest, berry maturity-quality attributes, bioactive compounds and antioxidant enzymes were determined. In addition, grapes were artificially inoculated with B. cinerea spores, and the berries were ranked for visual decay incidence after 5 days of inoculation. Salicylates preharvest treatments led to higher total acidity, content of bioactive compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes in treated than in control berries. The application of salicylate derivatives induced resistance to B. cinerea spoilage, since higher percentage of berries with no symptoms was observed and on the contrary, the highest percentages of berries were obtained in control grapes. All preharvest treatments with SA, ASA and MeSA alleviated postharvest disease caused by B. cinerea probably due to increasing levels of phenolic compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes, although the best results were obtained with MeSA at 0.1 mM. Also, for this treatment and dose, higher quality properties, such as higher concentrations of ascorbic, succinic and fumaric acids, were observed compared with no treated-grapes

Taxonomical and nomenclatural notes in the genus Cheirolophus Cass. (Asteraceae, Centaureinae)

Es lectotipifica i es reivindica el valor taxonòmic de Cheirolophus cavanillesianus nomo nov. [Centaurea virgata Cav., sinònim reemplaçat, syn. subst.) (Asteraceae, Centaureinae), espècie descrita per A. J. Cavanilles el 1795 per a la província d'Alacant. Dins d'aquest taxon, incloem a nivell subespecífic la varietat capillifolius [Ch. cavanillesianus subsp. capillifolius, combo & stat. nov.), taxon indicat per a diverses localitats de la província d'Alacant. Així mateix, es realitza la lectotipificació de Ch. intybaceus (Lam.) Dostál.We propose the lectotypification as well as the taxonomic value for Cheirolophus cavanillesianus nomo nov. [Centaurea virgata Cav., replaced synonym, syn. subst.) (Asteraceae, Centaureinae), a plant species described by A. J. Cavanilles in 1795 for the province of Alicante. Within this taxon we raise up to the subspecies level the variety capillifolius [Ch. cavanillesianus subsp. capillifolius, combo & stat. nov.), taxa indicated for sorne populations of the Alicante coast. Moreover, Ch. intybaceus (Lam.) Dostál has also been lectotypified