Effect of noise exposure on hearing of pavilion athletes

Background, Traditionally, hearing is divided into peripheral (how much we listen) and central (as we hear - quality). Exaggerated exposure to noise in reverberant environment can have negative effects on how much we hear but on the discrimination capacity and auditory memory of the word its effects can be positive. Pavilion athletes are subject to constant noise in a closed and reverberant environment, are a good example to ascertain the impact of noise on hearing. The present study aims to understand the effects of noise exposure on hearing athletes (training 3 to 4 times a week), comparing the results with the results of a matched non-sports control group in age and sex. Material and Methods, For the study, the sample consisted of 32 individuals, 16 non-athletes and 16 athletes of pavilion, aged between 18 and 25 years. A simple tonal audiogram was performed by air, a repetition test of words, in the silence and with noise and a test of repetition of pseudo words in the silence and with noise. Results, In the simple tonal audiogram, only in the right ear in the frequencies of 1000 and 10000 Hz, we found statistically significant differences, with worse thresholds in the athletes group. In the repetition tests of words and pseudo words, the performance of athletes was better, both in silence and in noise, with statistically significant differences in word repetition in silence and repetition of pseudo words in noise. Conclusion, The need for verbal communication in a noisy and reverberant environment, evidenced during a sports training in pavilion, trains the abilities to discriminate and memorize the word heard in noise, having a positive impact on these abilities of the central auditory nervous system.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Desenvolvimento de simulador para Cateterização Endovascular de Carótidas / Development of a simulator for Endovascular Carotid Catheterization

INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia endovascular surgiu como um grande ramo da cirurgia vascular buscando diminuir tempos cirúrgicos e reduzir morbimortalidades que são sempre elevados nas intervenções vasculares convencionais. Um dos ramos que cresce de forma exponencial é o tratamento de doenças ateroscleróticas extracranianas através das trombectomias nos acidentes vasculares cerebrais (AVC) em janela terapêutica e nas angioplastias das estenoses carotídeas. Logo, os cirurgiões precisam de um treinamento eficaz em tais procedimentos. No entanto, o Brasil ainda não dispõe de simuladores acessíveis e realísticos para possibilitar o treinamento. OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um simulador para cateterização endovascular de artérias carótidas. METODOLOGIA: A concepção e construção do simulador teve início com a criação de um modelo anatômico em acrílico que simulasse a anatomia real da aorta ascendente e arco aórtico com seus ramos (artérias carótidas e subclávias). Após a criação do arcabouço inicial, foram feitos vários testes até conseguirmos um fluxo e uma frequência adequadas no bombeamento de líquido (água) por bomba pressórica para simular o fluxo sanguíneo e a resistência encontrada pelo fluxo de sangue quando o procedimento é realizado “in vivo”. CONCLUSÃO: O simulador de cateterização endovascular de artérias carótidas apresenta uma boa realidade para o treinamento dos profissionais que atuam na área. Consegue-se simular de forma realística as manobras de formatação de cateteres no arco aórtico, a realização de técnicas de imagens como a subtração digital, o “road map”, tudo isso feito em setor de hemodinâmica com a utilização de radiação e contraste reai

Proceso de trabajo y flujo de la atención mental en la atención primaria de salud

Objetivo: conhecer o processo de trabalho e o fluxo de atendimento em saúde mental na Atenção Primária à Saúde sob a ótica dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, desenvolvido em seis das 34 Unidades Básicas de Saúde de um município do Noroeste do Paraná. Participaram do estudo 29 profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Os dados foram coletados no período de fevereiro a junho de 2018 por meio de entrevista aberta, única, individual e gravada. As falas foram transcritas na íntegra e o material resultante foi organizado no software IRaMuTeQ® e submetido ao processo de análise de conteúdo modalidade temática. Resultados: a partir dos relatos dos participantes pôde-se criar um fluxograma do atendimento, e após as etapas de processamento dos dados no software, juntamente com a análise de conteúdo, emergiram três categorias. Destacou-se a importância do trabalho do agente comunitário de saúde, a presença da família, o direcionamento dos pacientes para os grupos terapêuticos e para a rede especializada, a assistência dispensada aos indivíduos em momentos de agudização do transtorno e o retorno do mesmo para a unidade. Conclusão: pode-se compreender que a rede de atendimento em saúde mental, na Atenção Primária à Saúde, é complexa e há necessidade da comunicabilidade entre os serviços, pois a desarticulação gera ambiguidades na continuidade do cuidado.Objective: to know the work process and mental health care flow in Primary Health Care from the perspective of Family Health Strategy professionals. Method: a descriptive and qualitative study developed in six of the 34 Basic Health Units in a city in northwestern Paraná. Twenty-nine Family Health Strategy professionals participated in the study. Data were collected from February to June 2018 through an open, single, individual and recorded interview. The statements were transcribed in full, and the resulting material was organized in the IRaMuTeQ® software and subjected to thematic content analysis. Results: from participants’ reports, it was possible to create a service flowchart, and after the data processing steps in the software, together with content analysis, three categories emerged. The importance of community health workers’ work, family presence, referring patients to therapeutic groups and a specialized network, assistance provided to individuals in times of acute disorder and patient referral to the unit stood out. Conclusion: it can be understood that the mental health care network in Primary Health Care is complex and there is a need for communicability between services, as disarticulation generates ambiguities in continuity of care.Objetivo: conocer el proceso de trabajo y el flujo de atención en salud mental en Atención Primaria de Salud desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Método: estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, desarrollado en seis de las 34 Unidades Básicas de Salud de un municipio del noroeste de Paraná. Participaron en el estudio 29 profesionales de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Los datos se recolectaron de febrero a junio de 2018 a través de una entrevista abierta, única, individual y grabada. Los discursos fueron transcritos íntegramente y el material resultante fue organizado en el software IRaMuTeQ® y sometido a la modalidad temática proceso de análisis de contenido. Resultados: a partir de los informes de los participantes, fue posible crear un diagrama de flujo del servicio, y luego de los pasos de procesamiento de datos en el software, junto con el análisis de contenido, surgieron tres categorías. Se resaltó la importancia del trabajo del agente comunitario de salud, la presencia de la familia, la orientación de los pacientes a los grupos terapéuticos y a la red especializada, la asistencia brindada a los individuos en momentos de agravamiento del trastorno y el retorno de los mismos al unidad. Conclusión: se puede entender que la red de atención en salud mental en Atención Primaria de Salud es compleja y existe la necesidad de comunicabilidad entre servicios, ya que la desarticulación genera ambigüedades en la continuidad de la atención

Reconstrução de polegar utilizando o segundo pododáctilo: Thumb reconstruction using the second pododactyl

Introdução: O polegar permite uma grande amplitude de movimentos essenciais para as atividades cotidianas. Portanto, a amputação traumática do primeiro quirodáctilo provoca um significativo comprometimento estético e funcional. Nesses casos, a reconstrução do polegar utilizando dedo do pé constitui-se como opção terapêutica, devendo-se avaliar cada caso individualmente. Objetivos: Descrever e avaliar as técnicas cirúrgicas realizadas em dois pacientes com transferência do segundo pododáctilo para a mão devido à amputação traumática. Caso clínico: Dois pacientes do sexo masculino foram submetidos a cirurgias de reconstrução do polegar com transferência do segundo pododáctilo para a mão numa clínica privada localizada na cidade de Fortaleza – Ceará. O primeiro paciente teve amputação total, inclusive do metacarpo, já o segundo teve amputação de falange média e distal. Em ambos os casos, utilizou-se o segundo pododáctilo para a reconstrução do polegar. No pós-operatório tardio, os pacientes evoluíram estética e funcionalmente bem. Considerações finais:  O transplante de dedos do pé para a mão, em casos de trauma, como a amputação do polegar, apesar da sua complexidade e dos riscos de complicações, apresenta resultados estéticos e funcionais favoráveis ao paciente

Compounded drugs as an alternative to the therapeutical gaps of inborn errors of metabolism

Inborn errors of metabolism are rare disorders with few therapeutic options for their treatments, which can make patients suffer with complications. Therefore, compounded drugs might be a promising option given that they have the ability of meeting the patient’s specific needs, (i) identification of the main drugs described in the literature; (ii) proposal of compounding systems and (iii) calculation of the budgetary addition for the inclusion of these drugs into the Brazilian Unified Health System. The research conducted a literature review and used management data as well as data obtained from official Federal District government websites. The study identified 31 drugs for the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism. Fifty eight percent (58%) (18) of the medicines had their current demand identified, which are currently unmet by the local Health System. The estimated budget for the production of compounded drugs was of R$363,16.98 per year for approximately 300 patients. This estimated cost represents a budgetary addition of only 0.17% from the total of expenditures planned for drug acquirement. There is a therapeutic gap for inborn errors of metabolism and compounding pharmacies show potential in ensuring access to medicine therapy with a low-cost investment

Manifestações psiquiátricas na reumatologia: uma revisão sistemática / Psychiatric manifestations in rheumatology: a systematic review

Doenças reumatológicas, são doenças crônicas que geralmente apresentam múltiplas causas. São representadas principalmente pela artrite reumatoide e lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Sabe-se, no entanto, que existe uma ligação entre os processos autoimunes subjacentes às doenças reumáticas e aos transtornos mentais. O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar as manifestações psiquiátricas em pacientes com condições reumatológicas. Uma busca sistemática na literatura foi realizada, nos portais BIREME e PubMed de estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos. A busca foi realizada utilizando descritores em português e seus correspondentes em inglês: “artrite reumatoide”, “lúpus eritematoso sistêmico”, “esclerose sistêmica” e “síndrome de Sjögren” e “manifestações psiquiátricas”. Os artigos que foram incluídos após leitura na íntegra, tiveram seus dados coletados em instrumento padronizado e elaborado antes do início da busca. foram identificados e adicionados através da estratégia de busca 14 artigos. Ansiedade, depressão, incapacidade cognitiva e insônia estão entre as manifestações psiquiátricas mais prevalentes. A frequente presença de manifestações psiquiátricas na reumatologia acende um alerta entre os profissionais para priorizar a qualidade de vida de seus pacientes, reduzindo suas limitações

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

Blepharoplasty with canthopexy in a patient with cutis laxa: A case report

Cutis laxa is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by dysfunction of elastic fibers. Individuals affected by this disease complain about their aged appearance. Treatments are based on the use of cosmetics or surgical techniques, with plastic surgery being an extremely relevant tool. Blepharoplasty aims to improve the senile appearance and provide rejuvenation in the area around the eyes, making the look appear more rested and alert. This is a retrospective observational study using medical record data. Case Report: A female patient, 17 years old, was referred to the Plastic Surgery Service of the Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Fortaleza-CE, for treatment due to dissatisfaction with her appearance. She underwent upper and lower blepharoplasty associated with canthopexy without canthotomy. In the postoperative period, a satisfactory result was observed for the proposed surgery and adequate correction of existing changes. Conclusion: The importance of facial surgical correction in cases of lax skin is observed, highlighting the relevance of applying appropriate surgical techniques and improving them in this patient profile