Observation of two-mode squeezing in a traveling wave parametric amplifier

Traveling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) have recently emerged as essential tools for broadband near quantum-limited amplification. However, their use to generate microwave quantum states still misses an experimental demonstration. In this letter, we report operation of a TWPA as a source of two-mode squeezed microwave radiation. We demonstrate broadband entanglement generation between two modes separated by up to 400 MHz by measuring logarithmic negativity between 0.27 and 0.51 and collective quadrature squeezing below the vacuum limit between 1.5 and 2.1 dB. This work opens interesting perspectives for the exploration of novel microwave photonics experiments with possible applications in quantum sensing and continuous variable quantum computing

Nonlinear compression of high energy fiber amplifier pulses in air-filled hypocycloid-core Kagome fiber

International audienceWe report on the generation of 34 fs and 50 µJ pulses from a high energy fiber amplifier system with nonlinear compression in an air-filled hypocycloid-core Kagome fiber. The unique properties of such fibers allow bridging the gap between solid core fibers-based and hollow capillary-based post-compression setups, thereby operating with pulse energies obtained with current state-of-the-art fiber systems. The overall transmission of the compression setup is over 70%. Together with Yb-doped fiber amplifier technologies, Kagome fibers therefore appear as a promising tool for efficient generation of pulses with durations below 50 fs, energies ranging from 10 to several hundreds of µJ, and high average powers

Coherent beam combining with an ultrafast multicore Yb-doped fiber amplifier

International audienceActive coherent beam combination using a 7-non-coupled core,polarization maintaining, air-clad, Yb-doped fiber is demonstrated as amonolithic and compact power-scaling concept for ultrafast fiber lasers. Amicrolens array matched to the multicore fiber and an active phasecontroller composed of a spatial light modulator applying a stochasticparallel gradient descent algorithm are utilized to perform coherentcombining in the tiled aperture geometry. The mitigation of nonlineareffects at a pulse energy of 8.9 μJ and duration of 860 fs is experimentallyverified at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The experimental combiningefficiency results in a far field central lobe carrying 49% of the total power,compared to an ideal value of 76%. This efficiency is primarily limited bygroup delay differences between cores which is identified as the maindrawback of the system. Minimizing these group delay issues, e.g. by usingshort and straight rod-type multicore fibers, should allow a practical powerscaling solution for femtosecond fiber systems

N-glycosylation of mouse TRAIL-R and human TRAIL-R1 enhances TRAIL-induced death.

APO2L/TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) induces death of tumor cells through two agonist receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. We demonstrate here that N-linked glycosylation (N-glyc) plays also an important regulatory role for TRAIL-R1-mediated and mouse TRAIL receptor (mTRAIL-R)-mediated apoptosis, but not for TRAIL-R2, which is devoid of N-glycans. Cells expressing N-glyc-defective mutants of TRAIL-R1 and mouse TRAIL-R were less sensitive to TRAIL than their wild-type counterparts. Defective apoptotic signaling by N-glyc-deficient TRAIL receptors was associated with lower TRAIL receptor aggregation and reduced DISC formation, but not with reduced TRAIL-binding affinity. Our results also indicate that TRAIL receptor N-glyc impacts immune evasion strategies. The cytomegalovirus (CMV) UL141 protein, which restricts cell-surface expression of human TRAIL death receptors, binds with significant higher affinity TRAIL-R1 lacking N-glyc, suggesting that this sugar modification may have evolved as a counterstrategy to prevent receptor inhibition by UL141. Altogether our findings demonstrate that N-glyc of TRAIL-R1 promotes TRAIL signaling and restricts virus-mediated inhibition

Combinaison cohérente d'impulsions femtoseconde - Optimisation des performances des amplificateurs fibrés ultracourts.

Optical fiber-based ultrafast laser sources are nowadays used in numerous scientific and industrial applications. To extend further the number of possible applications, it is essential to improve their performances in terms of pulsewidth, energy per pulse, and average power. Extensive research work has been performed over the last years on this area. The work described in this manuscript is a contribution to these research efforts, and aims at improving ultrafast fiber laser sources by using coherent combination of several femtosecond pulses.The first part is devoted to energy scaling by using passive coherent combining architectures, that do not require a feedback control loop of the relative optical phase between pulses to be combined. This idea is used both in the space (combining beams) and time (combining replicas of the pulse at different delays) domains. We demonstrate that these techniques allow energy scaling and study their limitations related to optical nonlinearities and gain saturation in the amplifiers. We also propose ways to circumvent these limitations.In the second part, we study various ways of decreasing the output pulsewidth of fiber-amplified femtosecond sources. First, we implement an active coherent combining system that performs combination of two amplified femtosecond pulses with different, shifted spectral content. This allows the synthesis of a pulse that is shorter than any of the individual pulses to be combined. Another studied approach consists in tailoring the spectrum of input pulses to precompensate the spectral gain shape of the amplifier. Finally, by using passive combining architectures described in the first part, we demonstrate energy scaling of temporal nonlinear compression setups.Les lasers à fibre optique délivrant des impulsions femtoseconde sont aujourd'hui utilisés dans de nombreuses applications scientifiques ou industrielles. Pour étendre l'éventail de ces applications, l'augmentation des performances en termes de durée, énergie par impulsion, et puissance moyenne délivrée par ces sources a fait l'objet de nombreux développements. Ce travail a pour objectif d'utiliser l'idée de combinaison cohérente d'impulsions femtoseconde dans le but de poursuivre l'amélioration des caractéristiques des amplificateurs à fibre ultrabrefs selon deux axes.La première partie est consacrée à la montée en énergie en utilisant des architectures de combinaison cohérente passives, c'est à dire ne nécessitant pas de boucle de contrôle de la phase optique entre les impulsions à combiner. Ces systèmes exploitent à la fois le domaine spatial, (combinaison de faisceaux) et le domaine temporel (combinaison de répliques de l'impulsion initiale décalées dans le temps). Nous démontrons que ces techniques permettent effectivement la montée en énergie, et étudions les limites de leur utilisation liées aux non-linéarités optiques et à la saturation du gain des amplificateurs. Nous proposons également des perspectives pour outrepasser ces limites.La deuxième partie du manuscrit est dédiée à la réduction de la durée des impulsion émises par ces sources à fibre. Nous utilisons dans un premier temps la combinaison cohérente active de deux impulsions femtoseconde amplifiées ayant des contenus spectraux différents et décalés. Ainsi, une impulsion plus courte que chacune des impulsions individuelles est synthétisée. Une autre approche consistant à sculpter le contenu spectral de l'impulsion à amplifier afin de compenser le profil de gain de l'amplificateur est également étudiée. Enfin, nous appliquons les architectures de combinaison cohérente passive étudiées dans la première partie à des systèmes de compression temporelle non-linéaire afin d'outrepasser leurs limites en énergie

Coherent Combining of femtoseconde pulses. Performances scaling of ultrafast fiber amplifiers.

Les lasers à fibre optique délivrant des impulsions femtoseconde sont aujourd'hui utilisés dans de nombreuses applications scientifiques ou industrielles. Pour étendre l'éventail de ces applications, l'augmentation des performances en termes de durée, énergie par impulsion, et puissance moyenne délivrée par ces sources a fait l'objet de nombreux développements. Ce travail a pour objectif d'utiliser l'idée de combinaison cohérente d'impulsions femtoseconde dans le but de poursuivre l'amélioration des caractéristiques des amplificateurs à fibre ultrabrefs selon deux axes.La première partie est consacrée à la montée en énergie en utilisant des architectures de combinaison cohérente passives, c'est à dire ne nécessitant pas de boucle de contrôle de la phase optique entre les impulsions à combiner. Ces systèmes exploitent à la fois le domaine spatial, (combinaison de faisceaux) et le domaine temporel (combinaison de répliques de l'impulsion initiale décalées dans le temps). Nous démontrons que ces techniques permettent effectivement la montée en énergie, et étudions les limites de leur utilisation liées aux non-linéarités optiques et à la saturation du gain des amplificateurs. Nous proposons également des perspectives pour outrepasser ces limites.La deuxième partie du manuscrit est dédiée à la réduction de la durée des impulsion émises par ces sources à fibre. Nous utilisons dans un premier temps la combinaison cohérente active de deux impulsions femtoseconde amplifiées ayant des contenus spectraux différents et décalés. Ainsi, une impulsion plus courte que chacune des impulsions individuelles est synthétisée. Une autre approche consistant à sculpter le contenu spectral de l'impulsion à amplifier afin de compenser le profil de gain de l'amplificateur est également étudiée. Enfin, nous appliquons les architectures de combinaison cohérente passive étudiées dans la première partie à des systèmes de compression temporelle non-linéaire afin d'outrepasser leurs limites en énergie.Optical fiber-based ultrafast laser sources are nowadays used in numerous scientific and industrial applications. To extend further the number of possible applications, it is essential to improve their performances in terms of pulsewidth, energy per pulse, and average power. Extensive research work has been performed over the last years on this area. The work described in this manuscript is a contribution to these research efforts, and aims at improving ultrafast fiber laser sources by using coherent combination of several femtosecond pulses.The first part is devoted to energy scaling by using passive coherent combining architectures, that do not require a feedback control loop of the relative optical phase between pulses to be combined. This idea is used both in the space (combining beams) and time (combining replicas of the pulse at different delays) domains. We demonstrate that these techniques allow energy scaling and study their limitations related to optical nonlinearities and gain saturation in the amplifiers. We also propose ways to circumvent these limitations.In the second part, we study various ways of decreasing the output pulsewidth of fiber-amplified femtosecond sources. First, we implement an active coherent combining system that performs combination of two amplified femtosecond pulses with different, shifted spectral content. This allows the synthesis of a pulse that is shorter than any of the individual pulses to be combined. Another studied approach consists in tailoring the spectrum of input pulses to precompensate the spectral gain shape of the amplifier. Finally, by using passive combining architectures described in the first part, we demonstrate energy scaling of temporal nonlinear compression setups

Simple carrier-envelope phase control and stabilization scheme for difference frequency generation-based systems

International audienceWe report about a setup for carrier-envelope phase (CEP) control and stabilization in passive systems based on difference frequency generation (DFG). The principle of this approach relies on the amplitude to phase modulation transfer in the white-light generation process. A small modulation of the pump laser intensity is used to obtain a DFG output modulated in CEP. This technique is demonstrated in a CEP-stable system pumped by an Yb-doped fiber amplifier. It is first characterized by measuring CEP modulations produced by applying arbitrary waveforms. The CEP actuator is then used for slow drifts correction in a feedback loop. The results show the capability of this simple approach for OPA/OPCPA CEP-stabilized setups

Assessment of an experimental method for determining the three key parameters of VOC emissions from solid materials

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Coherent combining efficiency in strongly saturated divided-pulse amplification systems

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Behaviour of individual VOCs in indoor environments: How ventilation affects emission from materials

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