Navigateurs internet intelligents (algorithmes de fourmis artificielles pour la diffusion d'informations dans un réseau P2P)

In this thesis, we propose the architecture PIAF (Personnal Intelligent Framework Agent) whose objective is to provide users with an environment of nonintrusive, autonomous and general-purpose exchange of information. The problems of diffusion of information between users and optimization of the network's topology are approached with an algorithm using artificial ants. The use of artificial pheromones deposited on connections between peers at the time of the transfers authorizes the constitution of a global memory of the exchanges and the detection of centers of shared centers of interests. Comparatively with the existing solutions, the advantage of our algorithm is to free the user from the definition of profiles. This last needs neither to subscribe with diffusion channel nor to define its centers of interests to be able to exchange information.Dans ce travail de thèse, nous proposons l'architecture PIAF (Personnal Intelligent Agent Framework) dont l'objectif est de fournir aux utilisateurs un environnement d'échange d'informations non intrusif, autonome et polyvalent. Les problématiques de diffusion de l'information entre utilisateurs et d'optimisation de la topologie du réseau sont abordés avec un algorithme utilisant des fourmis artificielles. L'utilisation de phéromones artificielles déposées sur les connexions entre pairs lors des transferts autorise la constitution d'une mémoire globale des échanges et la détection de centres d'intérêts partagés. Comparativement aux solutions existantes, l'avantage de notre algorithme est d'affranchir l'utilisateur de la définition de profils. Ce dernier n'a besoin ni de s'abonner à un quelconque canal de diffusion ni de paramétrer ses centres d'intérêts pour pouvoir échanger de l'information.TOURS-BU Sciences Pharmacie (372612104) / SudocTOURS-Polytech'Informat.Product. (372612209) / SudocSudocFranceF

PRELIDA D3.1 State of the art assessment on Linked Data and Digital Preservation

The state of the art of Linked Data technologies and standards and of Digital Preservation solutions, standards and technologies is presented, along with an analysis of the characteristics of Linked Data that make their preservation different from that of other digital resources (A consolidated version of the report will be published at the end of the project

State of the art assessment on Linked Data and Digital Preservation

The state of the art of Linked Data technologies and standards and of Digital Preservation solutions, standards and technologies is presented, along with an analysis of the characteristics of Linked Data that make their preservation different from that of other digital resources (A consolidated version of the report will be published at the end of the project)

Outcome After Aortic Valve Replacement for Low-Flow/Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis Without Contractile Reserve on Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography

Objectives This study investigated whether aortic valve replacement (AVR) is associated with improved survival in patients with severe low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis (LF/LGAS) without contractile reserve (CR) on dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). Background Patients with LF/LGAS without CR have a high mortality rate with conservative therapy. The benefit of AVR in this subset of patients remains controversial. Methods Eighty-one consecutive patients with symptomatic calcified LF/LGAS (valve area = 20% compared with the baseline value. Multivariable analysis and propensity scores were used to compare survival according to whether or not AVR was performed (n = 55). Results Five-year survival was higher in AVR patients compared with medically managed patients (54 +/- 7% vs. 13 +/- 7%, p = 0.001) despite a high operative mortality of 22% (n = 12). An AVR was independently associated with lower 5-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio from 0.16 to 5.21 varying with time [95% confidence interval: 0.12-3.16 to 0.21-8.50], p = 0.00026). In 42 propensity-matched patients, 5-year survival was markedly improved by AVR (65 +/- 11% vs. 11 +/- 7%, p = 0.019). Associated bypass surgery (p = 0.007) and MPG <20 mm Hg (p = 0.035) were independently predictive of operative mortality. Late survival after AVR (excluding operative death) was 69 +/- 8% at 5 years. Conclusions In patients with LF/LGAS without CR on DSE, AVR is associated with better outcome compared with medical management. Surgery should not be withheld from this subset of patients solely on the basis of lack of CR on DSE. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53: 1865-73) (C) 2009 by the American College of Cardiology Foundatio

Automated 3D bio-imaging analysis of nuclear organization by NucleusJ 2.0

International audienceNucleusJ 1.0, an ImageJ plugin, is a useful tool to analyze nuclear morphology and chromatin organization in plant and animal cells. NucleusJ 2.0 is a new release of NucleusJ, in which image processing is achieved more quickly using a command-lineuser interface. Starting with large collection of 3D nuclei, segmentation can be performed by the previously developed Otsumodified method or by a new 3D gift-wrapping method, taking better account of nuclear indentations and unstained nucleoli. These two complementary methods are compared for their accuracy by using three types of datasets available to the community at https://www.brookes.ac. uk/indepth/images/. Finally, NucleusJ 2.0 was evaluated using original plant genetic material by assessing its efficiency on nuclei stained with DNA dyes or after 3D-DNA Fluorescence in situ hybridization. With these improvements, NucleusJ 2.0 permits the generation of large usercurated datasets that will be useful for software benchmarking or to train convolution neural networks

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: early results of the FRANCE (FRench Aortic National CoreValve and Edwards) registry.

International audienceAIMS: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a therapeutic alternative for high-surgical-risk patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. Two models of prosthesis are currently commercialized in France, which can be implanted either via a transarterial or a transapical approach. The aim of the study was to evaluate in a national French registry the early safety and efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (AVR) using either the Edwards SAPIEN™ or CoreValve™ in high-surgical-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: The multicentre national registry was conducted in 16 centres between February 2009 and June 2009, under the authority of the French Societies of Cardiology and Thoracic and Cardio-Vascular Surgery. The primary endpoint was mortality at 1 month. Two hundred and forty-four high-surgical-risk patients (logistic EuroSCORE ≥20%, STS ≥10%, or contra-indication to AVR) were enrolled. Mean age was 82 ± 7 years and 43.9% were female. Edwards SAPIEN and CoreValve were implanted in 68 and 32% of patients, respectively. The approaches used were transarterial (transfemoral: 66%; subclavian: 5%) or transapical in 29%. Device success rate was 98.3% and 30-day mortality was 12.7%. Severe complications included stroke (3.6%), tamponade (2%), acute coronary occlusion (1.2%), and vascular complications (7.3%). Pacemaker was required in 11.8%. At 1 month, 88% of patients were in NYHA class II or less. CONCLUSION: This prospective registry reflects the real-life experience of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in high-risk elderly patients in France. The early results are satisfactory in terms of feasibility, short-term haemodynamic and functional improvement, and safety. Longer term follow-up will be further assessed

Curating and Archiving Linked Data Datasets from the Humanities - From Data of the Present to Data of the Future

Abstract of paper 0652 presented at the Digital Humanities Conference 2019 (DH2019), Utrecht , the Netherlands 9-12 July, 2019

Diagnostic performance of computed tomography coronary angiography (from the Prospective National Multicenter Multivendor EVASCAN Study).

International audienceComputed tomographic coronary angiography (CTCA) has been proposed as a noninvasive test for significant coronary artery disease (CAD), but only limited data are available from prospective multicenter trials. The goal of this study was to establish the diagnostic accuracy of CTCA compared to coronary angiography (CA) in a large population of symptomatic patients with clinical indications for coronary imaging. This national, multicenter study was designed to prospectively evaluate stable patients able to undergo CTCA followed by conventional CA. Data from CTCA and CA were analyzed in a blinded fashion at central core laboratories. The main outcome was the evaluation of patient-, vessel-, and segment-based diagnostic performance of CTCA to detect or rule out significant CAD (≥50% luminal diameter reduction). Of 757 patients enrolled, 746 (mean age 61 ± 12 years, 71% men) were analyzed. They underwent CTCA followed by CA 1.7 ± 0.8 days later using a 64-detector scanner. The prevalence of significant CAD in native coronary vessels by CA was 54%. The rate of nonassessable segments by CTCA was 6%. In a patient-based analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of CTCA were 91%, 50%, 68%, 83%, 1.82, and 0.18, respectively. The strongest predictors of false-negative results on CTCA were high estimated pretest probability of CAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.97, p <0.001), male gender (OR 1.5, p <0.002), diabetes (OR 1.5, p <0.0001), and age (OR 1.2, p <0.0001). In conclusion, in this large multicenter study, CTCA identified significant CAD with high sensitivity. However, in routine clinical practice, each patient should be individually evaluated, and the pretest probability of obstructive CAD should be taken into account when deciding which method, CTCA or CA, to use to diagnose its presence and severity