Towards a new methodology for design, modelling, and verification of reconfigurable distributed control systems based on a new extension to the IEC 61499 standard

In order to meet user requirements and system environment changes, reconfigurable control systems must dynamically adapt their structure and behaviour without disrupting system operation. IEC 61499 standard provides limited support for the design and verification of such systems. In fact, handling different reconfiguration scenarios at runtime is difficult since function blocks in IEC 61499 cannot be changed at run-time. Hence, this thesis promotes an IEC 61499 extension called reconfigurable function block (RFB) that increases design readability and smoothly switches to the most appropriate behaviour when a reconfiguration event occurs. To ensure system feasibility after reconfiguration, in addition to the qualitative verification, quantitative verification based on probabilistic model checking is addressed in a new RFBA approach. The latter aims to transform the designed RFB model automatically into a generalised reconfigurable timed net condition/event system model (GRTNCES) using a newly developed environment called RFBTool. The GR-TNCES fits well with RFB and preserves its semantic. Using the probabilistic model checker PRISM, the generated GR-TNCES model is checked using defined properties specified in computation tree logic. As a result, an evaluation of system performance and an estimation of reconfiguration risks are obtained. The RFBA methodology is applied on a distributed power system case study.Dynamische Anforderungen und Umgebungen erfordern rekonfigurierbare Anlagen und Steuerungssysteme. Rekonfiguration ermöglicht es einem System, seine Struktur und sein Verhalten an interne oder externe Änderungen anzupassen. Die Norm IEC 61499 wurde entwickelt, um (verteilte) Steuerungssysteme auf Basis von Funktionsbausteinen zu entwickeln. Sie bietet jedoch wenig Unterstützung für Entwurf und Verifikation. Die Tatsache, dass eine Rekonfiguration das System-Ausführungsmodell verändert, erschwert die Entwicklung in IEC 61499 zusätzlich. Daher schlägt diese Dissertation rekonfigurierbare Funktionsbausteine (RFBs) als Erweiterung der Norm vor. Ein RFB verarbeitet über einen Master-Slave-Automaten Rekonfigurationsereignisse und löst das entsprechende Verhalten aus. Diese Hierarchie trennt das Rekonfigurationsmodell vom Steuerungsmodell und vereinfacht so den Entwurf. Die Funktionalität des Entwurfs muss verifiziert werden, damit die Ausführbarkeit des Systems nach einer Rekonfiguration gewährleistet ist. Hierzu wird das entworfene RFB-Modell automatisch in ein generalised reconfigurable timed net condition/event system übersetzt. Dieses wird mit dem Model-Checker PRISM auf qualitative und quantitative Eigenschaften überprüft. Somit wird eine Bewertung der Systemperformanz und eine Einschätzung der Rekonfigurationsrisiken erreicht. Die RFB-Methodik wurde in einem Softwarewerkzeug umgesetzt und in einer Fallstudie auf ein dezentrales Stromnetz angewendet

De la danse contemporaine au Maghreb à une danse contemporaine maghrébine

La mondialisation accélère les flux culturels en oscillant entre les deux pôles de l’homogénéisation et de l’hétérogénéisation. Ces notions, empruntées à Appadurai, proposent d’échapper à la stigmatisation d’une période encore post-coloniale, capitalistique et impérialiste. La danse contemporaine s’y trouve incluse. Elle interroge le corps et son rapport aux nouvelles technologies, à la nudité, à la maladie, au genre et à la sexualité. Elle veut repousser les limites physiques, morales, spatiales, transgresser des interdits, des codes. De telles stratégies politiques du corps sont-elles possibles sur la scène maghrébine ? Il est possible d’observer deux mouvements. Un premier regroupe des chorégraphes qui se situent dans le sillage des techniques corporelles occidentales, qu’ils adoptent, retravaillent et transmettent. Le second concerne les chorégraphes qui dans un travail de déconstruction, font émerger des formes nouvelles et contemporaines du mouvement traditionnel.Globalization accelerates cultural flows, oscillating between the poles of homogenization and heterogeneity. These concepts, borrowed from Appadurai suggest to an escape from the stigma of a period marked by post-colonialism, imperialism and capitalism. Contemporary dance is part of it. It confronts the body and its relation to new technologies, nudity, disease, gender and sexuality. It wants to push the physical, moral, spatial, limits, transgressing taboos and codes. Are such political strategies of the body available on the Maghreb scene? Choreographers and dancers try to legitimate this practice in these countries. One can observe two movements. The first includes choreographers who are in the wake of the western physical techniques. The second concerns choreographers who work in deconstruction, favoring new and contemporary forms of traditional body motion

Création par évolution dirigée de protéines artificielles en alternatives aux anticorps

Les travaux décrits dans ce mémoire ont pour objectif d une part le développementd une nouvelle famille de protéines artificielles et d autre part la création de nouveaux sitesde fixation spécifiques dans ces protéines. L objectif général était de développer une approchegénérale permettant d obtenir rapidement des protéines reconnaissant toute macromoléculecible choisie. On peut voir ces protéines artificielles spécifiques comme des sortes d anticorpsartificiels pour leur spécificité et leur affinité mais dont les propriétés physiques : stabilité,solubilité, efficacité d expression, insensibilité à l agrégation sont nettement plus favorablesque celles des anticorps et de leur dérivés.Le premier chapitre, présente la conception et la construction d une bibliothèque deprotéines artificielles dite de première génération où les protéines sont formées par larépétition d un motif idéalisé à partir d une famille de motifs naturels appelés HEAT repeats.Toutes les protéines de la bibliothèque, dénommées aRep, sont conçues pour avoir la mêmearchitecture générale mais diffèrent les unes des autres par le nombre de motifs et par laséquence dans certaines positions rendues variables au sein de chaque motif. Cette banquenous a permis de valider l architecture aRep choisie : Les protéines s expriment sous formesoluble, sont très stables et adoptent la structure secondaire et tertiaire attendue quel que soitla séquence des positions hypervariables. Le second chapitre présente alors les approchessuivies pour l amélioration de la qualité et de la diversité de la bibliothèque et a conduit à laconstruction d une bibliothèque d aRep de deuxième génération. Cette dernière bibliothèque(2 .1) repose sur le même schéma général mais contient une diversité ayant été optimiséelors de la conception puis améliorée expérimentalement par une procédure dite deFiltration/shuffling. Cette bibliothèque très diverse (1.7*109 clones indépendants) a été alorsexploitée pour y rechercher, par des méthodes d exposition sur phages, de nouvelles aRepreconnaissant des protéines cibles préalablement choisies. L ensemble des résultats montretrès clairement que des aRep reconnaissant spécifiquement, avec une affinité élevée, desprotéines cibles choisies arbitrairement peuvent être effectivement obtenues. Les structurestridimensionnelles de plusieurs complexes formés entre les aRep et leur cible a été résoluepermet de comprendre la nature et l organisation précise de ces capacités de reconnaissancemoléculaire nouvellement créées.The main objective of this work was to design, produce and characterize a new familyof artificial proteins and to introduce new tailored specific binding sites within this structuralframework. Our general goal was to develop method allowing to rapidly generate newprotein binding specifically to any predefined target macromolecule. Binders based onartificial proteins can be viewed as antibody-like molecules but due to their different structurehave more favorable physical properties (expression, solubility, folding efficiency, stability)than antibodies and derivatives.The design and experimental assembly of a first generation artificial protein library isdescribed in part I. Proteins of this library are made by a repetition of a motif idealized from afamily of natural protein repeats (HEAT repeat). These artificial proteins, named aRep, havethe same general fold but the number of the repeated motif vary from protein to protein.Furthermore, a set of positions of each motif is highly variable within the library. Proteinisolated from this first generation library are well expressed, soluble, extremely stable andwere shown to have the designed secondary and tertiary structure.The methods used to improve the diversity and the experimental quality of the protein libraryare described in the second part of this thesis and have allowed us to create a secondgeneration aRep library. This library is based on the same general scheme but its diversitywas optimized by an improved design and experimental procedures known as filtration/shuffling.This highly diverse second generation library (1.7*109 independent clones) was usedto select variants with tailored binding specificities using phage display method. The resultsclearly show that news aReps binding tightly and specifically a range of arbitrarily definedprotein targets can be efficiently selected. The tertiary structure of complexes between aRepand their cognate target molecule were solved and allow to analyze the nature and detailedorganization of this newly engineered molecular recognition capacities.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Theorical study on mechanical properties of AZ31B Magnesium alloy Sheets under multiaxial loading

Numerical simulation by plastic deformation of the shaping processes currently has a large industrial interest. It allows you to shorten the time of design and construction related products and tools to analyze and to optimize processes. An essential part of simulation tools is the constitutive law used to describe the material used. The activity of characterization and modeling of material behavior of the plastic deformation shaping remains a very important research field of activity; the objective of proposing laws of behavior used in computer codes, essentially based on finite element is sufficiently to represent the real behavior of materials. Considering the nature of the materials used and the stresses they experience the behavior laws account for several requirements which make them increasingly complicated. Among these requirements, we cite in particular plastic anisotropy, the great transformations, the complexity and diversity of loads, etc. The complexity of these laws makes them more difficult to implement and in particular to identify: the classic tests are no longer sufficient for identification. The objective of this work is based on two essential points: Suggest a construction strategy, particularly of identifying laws elastoplastic behavior anisotropic operational for the numerical simulation of plastic deformation shaping processes with particular attention to sheet metal magnesium. Magnesium sheet metal manufacturing process involves rolling operation. In a cost-cutting goal, this operation now takes place cold, implying a very marked anisotropy of the material at the output of the mill.&nbsp

Heat transfer of a buoyancy-aided turbulent flow in a trapezoidal annulus

The objective of this paper is to report a numerical investigation into the heat transfer of a buoyancy-aided flow in a rod-bundle-like channel. The flow field is simulated using large eddy simulation (LES) with WALE SGS model and the buoyant force is taken into account using the Boussinesq approximation. The general trend of the effect of buoyancy on the overall heat transfer is similar to that in a pipe flow, but the effect on the regional heat transfer varies greatly. This has resulted from a number of interplaying factors, including, the redistribution of the mass flow in the various sub-channels, the non-uniform buoyancy effects on turbulence in different regions of the domain and the behaviour of the large flow structures in the flow channel. These factors together make the effect of buoyancy on heat transfer in the considered flow channel really complicated, while the last factor has been found to have the most pronounced effect in most cases studied

Numerical simulation of turbulent flow in a channel containing a small slot

A three-dimensional unsteady simulation was carried out to predict the main features of the turbulent flow inside a closed channel connected to a lateral slot. The incompressible turbulent flow was modelled using a hybrid Detached Eddy Simulation (DES), that uses an LES/URANS approach to predict the turbulence. The calculations were performed using ANSYS® CFX. In this work the main channel has a size of 180 mm x 136.20 mm. The small subchannel is characterized by its deepness, p = 77 mm and width, d = 10 mm. The Reynolds number, based on the hydraulic-diameter, Dh, the bulk velocity, and the kinematic viscosity, ν, in the main channel was Re = 2.25 × 105. Inside the small slot the velocity distribution was found to depart from the law of the wall and the normal Reynolds stresses, View the MathML sourceu′u′¯ and View the MathML sourcev′v′¯, were found to dominate the mixing process. Velocity time-traces extracted at locations as far as y/p = 1.125 inside the gap evidenced the presence of large eddies travelling inside the small channel. It was shown that periodic streamwise boundary conditions can be applied to this problem, and good results were obtained by using a channel length that was approximately twice the wavelength of the experimentally observed coherent structures. The results were found to be in fair agreement with the results presented in Meyer and Rehme (1994), though a certain lack of information on turbulence in single channels connected to a gap still remains

Pacifica: Poetry International: Revolutions in Tunisian Poetry

A collection of contemporary poetry from Tunisia, including poems in translation with their French and Arabic original texts

Avant-propos

Guellouz Suzanne. Avant-propos. In: Littératures classiques, n°30, printemps 1997. L’histoire au XVIIe siècle. pp. 5-7

Souci de l’autre et culte de soi : l’honnêteté selon Saint-Évremond

A priori, tout nous invite à douter qu’il soit pertinent de faire de Saint-Évremond l’un de ceux qui ont contribué à l’élaboration du code qui est à juste titre considéré comme le plus spécifique du XVIIe siècle : l’honnêteté. Aucun de ses essais n’est comparable aux traités de Nicolas Faret, de La Chétardie ou de l’abbé Armand de Gérard, aux titres explicites – L’Honnête homme ou l’art de plaire à la cour (1630), Instruction pour une jeune princesse ou l’idée d’une honnête femme (1684), Le C..