Characteristics of the school physical education programs

The purpose of this study was to develop an analysis concerning the types of activities and the level of intensity of physical efforts administered to students during physical education lessons in order to establish a relationship with the objectives directed to promote health. A total of 144 physical education lessons in 15 different schools from the city of Londrina, Parana, Brazil, selected at random, was used in the study. The types of activities were determined through observation instrument. Heart rate monitoring was used to measure the level of intensity of physical efforts. Results indicated that the students spend large portions of class time in activities of organization and waiting for a turn. The students were reported to participate more frequently in sports activities. They usually had few opportunities to engage in physical fitness-related activities. Health-related physical activity instructions were not given in the physical education lessons. The levels of intensity of physical efforts observed were lower than the minimum requirements to provide health benefits. It was concluded that modifications in the physical education programs are needed to provide positive altitudes toward health-related physical activity in the students.O propósito do estudo foi desenvolver uma análise quanto ao tipo das atividades e ao nível de intensidade dos esforços físicos oferecidos aos escolares durante as aulas de educação física, numa tentativa de estabelecer relações com os objetivos direcionados à promoção da saúde. Foram analisadas 144 aulas de educação física, selecionadas aleatoriamente, de 15 diferentes escolas da rede de ensino do lo. e 2o. graus do município de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. O tipo das atividades foi verificada por intermédio de um instrumento de observação direta, construído especificamente para essa finalidade. O nível de intensidade dos esforços físicos foi controlado mediante a monitorização da freqüência cardíaca. Os resultados encontrados indicam que os escolares se ocuparam por um tempo excessivamente longo com tarefas de organização c transição das atividades ministradas. As atividades mais frequentemente selecionadas pelos professores envolveu a prática de esportes. Foram oferecidas aos escolares poucas oportunidades de participar em atividades voltadas ao desenvolvimento e ao aprimoramento da aptidão física. Os professores responsáveis pelas aulas cm nenhum momento recorreram a exposição de conceitos teóricos associados á prática da atividade física relacionada á saúde. O nível de intensidade dos esforços físicos administrados aos escolares foi menor que o limite mínimo necessário para que possa ocorrer adaptações funcionais voltadas a um melhor funcionamento orgânico. Conclui-se que são necessárias modificações nos atuais programas de educação física para que se possa levar os escolares a assumirem atitudes positivas quanto â prática da atividade física relacionada â saúd

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes no Município de Londrina (PR), Brasil.

O estudo analisa a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes do município de Londrina (PR), Brasil. A amostra utilizada constituiu-se de 4.289 sujeitos de ambos os sexos e com idades entre 7 e 17 anos, selecionados aleatoriamente. A obesidade foi definida pela quantidade de gordura em relação ao peso corporal superior a 20% e 30% para rapazes e moças, respectivamente. Para as estimativas da gordura corporal recorreu-se às equações preditivas propostas por Slaughter et al. (1988), a partir dos valores de espessura das dobras cutâneas. O sobrepeso foi estabelecido a partir do 85º percentil do índice de massa corporal relativo à idade e ao sexo, com base no Health and Nutrition Examination Survey - HANES. Os resultados encontrados revelaram que a prevalência de obesidade foi discretamente maior que de sobrepeso, com tendências de elevação com a idade. As moças foram mais atingidas pelo excesso de gordura e de peso corporal que os rapazes, sobretudo no final da adolescência. Nesse período, por volta de 23% das moças e 17% dos rapazes analisados apresentaram quantidades de gordura corporal que caracterizam o estado de obesidade

Relationship between variables of morphologic aspect and motor performance in children and adolescents

The study was designed to assess the relationship between selected growth/body composition measures and results of motor performance tests in children and adolescents. A sample of 4 289 subjects from both sexes with ages ranging from seven to 17 years-old, selected at random, was used in the study. Growth characteristics were determined by height and body weight. Body composition parameters consisted of percent body fat, lean body mass, and distribution of subcutaneous fat. As for motor performance, tests for sit-and-reach, standing long jump, modified pull-up, bent-knee sit-up, 50 meter-run, and 9/12 minutes walk/run were applied. Zero-order coefficients and stepwise multiple regression were used to evaluate the relationships between the growth/body composition variables and results of each motor tests. It was concluded that in both sexes, age, height, and percent body fat were identified as significant predictors of motor performance. Together these three independent variables accounted for between 40 e 70% of the variance in the results of the motor testsO estudo procura determinar o nível de associação entre variáveis do aspecto morfológico e desempenho motor, na tentativa de estabelecer contribuições relativas que informações direcionadas ao crescimento e à composição corporal podem oferecer às variações dos resultados de testes motores administrados em crianças e adolescentes. A amostra utilizada constituiu-se de 4 289 sujeitos de ambos os sexos e com idades entre sete e 17 anos, selecionados aleatoriamente. As características de crescimento foram determinadas através das medidas de estatura e peso corporal. Na área da composição corporal recorreu-se às estimativas da quantidade de gordura corporal, à massa magra e ao padrão de distribuição da gordura subcutânea. Quanto ao desempenho motor, foram administrados os testes de “sentar-e-alcançar” salto em distância parado, flexão e extensão dos braços em suspensão na barra modificado, abdominal, corrida de 50 metros e caminhada/corrida de 9/12 minutos. O estabelecimento do nível de associação entre às variáveis de crescimento/composição corporal e a variação dos resultados de cada teste motor foi realizado mediante o envolvimento dos coeficientes de correlação simples e da análise de regressão múltipla “stepwise” Através da análise dos resultados, foi possível concluir que, em ambos os sexos, informações quanto à idade, à estatura e às estimativas da quantidade de gordura corporal foram identificadas como os principais preditores do desempenho motor. Juntas essas três variáveis independentes responderam por entre 40 e 70% da variação dos resultados dos testes motores administrado

Electrochemical treatment of effluent for the removal of contaminants of emergent concern and culturable microorganisms

project CEMOWAS2 (SOE2/P5/F0505) UIDB/04085/2020 CEECIND/04210/2017The present work aims to study the electrochemical (EC) process applied for the removal of contaminants of emergent concern (CECs) from wastewater after secondary treatment and the effect of the process on the total culturable microorganisms. The EC experiments were performed in a cylindrical open reactor with 500 mL of effluent, and a fixed current density of 8 mA/cm² was applied through mixed metal oxide electrodes. The experiments were conducted in different sets. In the first round (Set 1), the effluent sample was spiked with three CECs (200 ppb each): Caffeine (CAF), carbamazepine (CBZ), and oxybenzone (OXY). For the best treatment period, 6 h, electrodegradation rates ranged from 41 ± 7% for CAF to 95 ± 6% for OXY, with an 87% removal of total culturable microorganisms. In the second round (Set 2), aiming to assess EC process efficiency in a more complex CEC mixture, the effluent was spiked with six more CECs (200 ppb each): Diclofenac (DCF), triclosan (TCS), bisphenol A (BPA), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and ibuprofen (IBU), giving a total of nine CECs. In this case, the EC process allowed decreasing the CEC content by 19-100% (below the limit of detection), depending on the effluent samples, and the culturable microorganisms by 99.98% after a 6 h treatment. By contributing to CEC degradation and microorganism removal, the EC process proved to be a viable remediation and disinfection technology for secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plants.publishersversionpublishe

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes: estimativas relacionadas ao sexo, à idade e à classe socioeconômica

The purpose of this study was to analyze the estimative of prevalence of overweight and obesity in representative sample of children and adolescents from school population in the city of Apucarana, Paraná, in the southern region of Brazil, according to gender, age, and socioeconomic status. A total of 4319 subjects (2084 girls and 2235 boys) aged 7 to 18 years-old were included in the study. To define overweight and obesity we used the gender-and-age-specific body mass index cut-offs recommended by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). The prevalence in the different studied groups (gender, age, and socioeconomic status) was compared using the adjusted odds ratio in logistic regression models. Prevalence of overweight and obesity were 24.7% and 5.9%, respectively, for girls, as compared to 21.9% and 4.1% for boys. Magnitude of the prevalence increases with age, being these values more pronounced among the boys. A direct relation between socioeconomic status and prevalence of overweight and obesity was found, and it was less consistent in girls than in boys. The results of the present study indicate that the prevalence of overweight and obesity reported was substantially higher than studies with national representativeness in the Brazilian population of same age. However, these data demonstrate similar prevalence when compared to studies from more developed and industrialized countries. There is an urgent need to implement educational programs of intervention, which should encourage physical activities and adequate dietary habits.O estudo analisou as estimativas de prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em amostra representativa de crianças e adolescentes da população escolar do município de Apucarana, Paraná, separadamente por sexo, idade e classe socioeconômica. A amostra foi constituída por 4319 sujeitos (2084 moças e 2235 rapazes), com idades entre sete e 18 anos. Sobrepeso e obesidade foram definidos mediante o índice de massa corporal, adotando-se pontos de corte para sexo e idade sugeridos pela Força Tarefa Internacional para Obesidade. As prevalências nos diferentes estratos (sexo, idade e classe socioeconômica) foram comparadas por intermédio do cálculo de regressão logística, utilizando-se "odds ratios" ajustadas. Entre as moças, as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade encontradas foram de 24,7% e 5,9%, respectivamente, enquanto entre os rapazes, 21,9% e 4,1%. As magnitudes quanto às estimativas de prevalências aumentaram com a idade, sobretudo entre os rapazes. Em ambos os sexos foi observada relação direta entre classe socioeconômica e prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade, porém menos consistente entre as moças. Os resultados indicam que as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade observadas no presente estudo foram substancialmente mais elevadas que em outros estudos com representatividade nacional da população brasileira de mesma idade. Contudo, demonstraram prevalências similares quando comparados com estudos provenientes de países mais desenvolvidos e industrializados. Os dados mostram que existe uma urgente necessidade de implementar programas de intervenção educacional direcionados à promoção da prática de atividade física e de hábitos dietéticos adequados

Perfis sociodemográficos da população sénior de Vila Nova de Gaia: de privilegiados a remediados e excluídos

Partindo do trabalho de diagnóstico da população sénior de Vila Nova de Gaia, enquadrado na elaboração do Plano Gerontológico deste concelho, o presente artigo pretende discutir a diversidade de perfis dos seniores inquiridos e, deste modo, demonstrar que a velhice está longe de ser uma etapa da vida homogénea. Conhecer esta heterogeneidade é fundamental para os atores políticos com responsabilidades de intervenção social, já que potencia o desenvolvimento de respostas sociais adequadas a essa diversidade. Com o objetivo de contribuir para a adequação das respostas ao perfil da população, e recorrendo a procedimentos de análise estatística como a análise de correspondências múltiplas e de clusters, identificaram-se três perfis principais de seniores: velhice com recursos privilegiados, velhice com recursos remediados e velhice com exclusão e retraiment

Towards frailty biomarkers:Candidates from genes and pathways regulated in aging and age-related diseases

Objective: Use of the frailty index to measure an accumulation of deficits has been proven a valuable method for identifying elderly people at risk for increased vulnerability, disease, injury, and mortality. However, complementary molecular frailty biomarkers or ideally biomarker panels have not yet been identified. We conducted a systematic search to identify biomarker candidates for a frailty biomarker panel. Methods: Gene expression databases were searched (http://genomics.senescence.info/genes including GenAge, AnAge, LongevityMap, CellAge, DrugAge, Digital Aging Atlas) to identify genes regulated in aging, longevity, and age-related diseases with a focus on secreted factors or molecules detectable in body fluids as potential frailty biomarkers. Factors broadly expressed, related to several \u201challmark of aging\u201d pathways as well as used or predicted as biomarkers in other disease settings, particularly age-related pathologies, were identified. This set of biomarkers was further expanded according to the expertise and experience of the authors. In the next step, biomarkers were assigned to six \u201challmark of aging\u201d pathways, namely (1) inflammation, (2) mitochondria and apoptosis, (3) calcium homeostasis, (4) fibrosis, (5) NMJ (neuromuscular junction) and neurons, (6) cytoskeleton and hormones, or (7) other principles and an extensive literature search was performed for each candidate to explore their potential and priority as frailty biomarkers. Results: A total of 44 markers were evaluated in the seven categories listed above, and 19 were awarded a high priority score, 22 identified as medium priority and three were low priority. In each category high and medium priority markers were identified. Conclusion: Biomarker panels for frailty would be of high value and better than single markers. Based on our search we would propose a core panel of frailty biomarkers consisting of (1) CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), IL-6 (interleukin 6), CX3CL1 (C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1), (2) GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15), FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain containing 5), vimentin (VIM), (3) regucalcin (RGN/SMP30), calreticulin, (4) PLAU (plasminogen activator, urokinase), AGT (angiotensinogen), (5) BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor), progranulin (PGRN), (6) \u3b1-klotho (KL), FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23), FGF21, leptin (LEP), (7) miRNA (micro Ribonucleic acid) panel (to be further defined), AHCY (adenosylhomocysteinase) and KRT18 (keratin 18). An expanded panel would also include (1) pentraxin (PTX3), sVCAM/ICAM (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1/Intercellular adhesion molecule 1), defensin \u3b1, (2) APP (amyloid beta precursor protein), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), (3) S100B (S100 calcium binding protein B), (4) TGF\u3b2 (transforming growth factor beta), PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), TGM2 (transglutaminase 2), (5) sRAGE (soluble receptor for advanced glycosylation end products), HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1), C3/C1Q (complement factor 3/1Q), ST2 (Interleukin 1 receptor like 1), agrin (AGRN), (6) IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1), resistin (RETN), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), ghrelin (GHRL), growth hormone (GH), (7) microparticle panel (to be further defined), GpnmB (glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B) and lactoferrin (LTF). We believe that these predicted panels need to be experimentally explored in animal models and frail cohorts in order to ascertain their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications