Managing agricultural insurance in Brazil

Serie COMUNIICA 4Se exponen diversos temas y propuestas para enfrentar los problemas del actual sistema de seguros rurales en Brasil, que surgieron del Seminario Riesgo y Gestión del Seguro Rural de Brasil, realizado del 24 al 26 de junio de 2008 en el Instituto de Economía de la Universidad de Campinas (UNICAMP). Los principales temas abordados corresponden a la ventaja de un sistema de seguro en relación con las prórrogas de deudas, las subvenciones a las primas cuando los riesgos son muy altos, la necesidad de un sistema de informaciones que trabaje con datos detallados de los agricultores en vez de promedios que no reflejan la verdadera situación del agro. También se hace referencia a la posibilidad de instaurar un fondo de catástrofe en Brasil que garantice de forma efectiva el pago de las indemnizaciones extraordinarias, en vista de que a la fecha no se ha logrado implementar un sistema eficiente de protección contra los riesgos de plagas y eventos climáticos en Brasil.This article presents different topics and proposals for solving the problems facing the rural insurance system in Brazil, addressed at the seminar “Risk and the Management of Rural Insurance in Brazil,” held on June 24-26, 2008, at the Economics Institute of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP). Much of the discussion focused on the advantages of operating an insurance system vs. extending debt repayment dates; the subsidizing of premiums when risks are high; and the need for an information system that can operate with detailed data on farmers rather than averages, which do not reflect the true situation in agriculture. Reference was also made to the possibility of creating a Catastrophe Fund in Brazil to provide victims with additional indemnification, since to date it has been impossible to implement an efficient system of protection against the risks posed by pests and climatic events in Brazi

Evolución de la Polí­tica Agrí­cola Brasileña: 1980-2010

The aim of this article is to show characteristics of the agricultural policy stricto sensu that favored the agribusiness and agricultural development in Brazil in the past 30 years. To understand this process, the article has a brief description of the instruments of agricultural policy adopted by the Government during this period, so as to adapt to the demands of the WTO and the constraints of the economic situation. In the first phase, from 1964 to 1985, was achieved significantly increase agricultural production by guaranteeing domestic supply, which was a important bottleneck of Brazilian economy in the period pre-1964. Agricultural modernization was achieved with a high social cost, but it should be noted that this issue was not a central concern of the military governments. In the second phase (1985-2001), when Brazil starts the redemocratization, agricultural policy also changes and is consistent with macroeconomic objectives. By that time it was necessary to reduce the fiscal deficit and pay foreign debt. This goal was achieved with the large surpluses generated by the agribusiness despite the drastic reduction of agricultural subsidies. The third period (2002-present) seeks to reconcile the promotion of agribusiness with the reduction of poverty, which was an outstanding democratization agenda and which had been postponed according to the need of solving the fiscal and inflation problems from the 80's. Once solved the problem of inflation, the State regain its planning capacity and begins to attack social problemsEl objetivo de este artí­culo es mostrar cuáles fueron las caracterí­sticas de la polí­tica agrí­cola stricto sensu que favoreció el agronegocio y el desarrollo agropecuario en Brasil en los últimos 30 años. Para entender este proceso, se realiza una breve descripción de los instrumentos de polí­tica agrí­cola adoptados por el Gobierno en ese lapso, en función de la necesidad de adaptarse a las exigencias de la OMC y a las restricciones de la coyuntura. En la primera fase, de 1964 hasta 1985, se consiguió aumentar significativamente la producción agrí­cola garantizando el abastecimiento interno, que era el gran obstáculo verificado en el perí­odo pre-1964. La modernización agrí­cola fue conseguida con un gran costo social, pero cabe resaltar que esta cuestión no era una preocupación central de los gobiernos militares. En la segunda fase (1985-2001), cuando comienza la redemocratización, la polí­tica agrí­cola también se integra y es consistente con los objetivos macroeconómicos. Se buscaba en esa época disminuir el déficit fiscal y pagar la deuda externa, lo que fue conseguido con los grandes excedentes generados por el agronegocio a pesar de la disminución drástica de los subsidios agrí­colas que fue necesario implementar. En el tercer perí­odo (2002-presente) se busca conciliar la promoción del agronegocio con la reducción de la pobreza, que era una agenda pendiente de la democratización y que habí­a sido postergada en función de la necesidad de resolver los problemas fiscales e inflacionarios de la década del 80. Una vez resuelto el problema de la inflación, el Estado recupera su capacidad de planificación y comienza a atacar los problemas sociale

Evolution of Brazilian Agricultural Policy : 1980-2010

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cuáles fueron las características de la política agrícola stricto sensu que favoreció el agronegocio y el desarrollo agropecuario en Brasil en los últimos 30 años. Para entender este proceso, se realiza una breve descripción de los instrumentos de política agrícola adoptados por el Gobierno en ese lapso, en función de la necesidad de adaptarse a las exigencias de la OMC y a las restricciones de la coyuntura. En la primera fase, de 1964 hasta 1985, se consiguió aumentar significativamente la producción agrícola garantizando el abastecimiento interno, que era el gran obstáculo verificado en el período pre-1964. La modernización agrícola fue conseguida con un gran costo social, pero cabe resaltar que esta cuestión no era una preocupación central de los gobiernos militares. En la segunda fase (1985-2001), cuando comienza la redemocratización, la política agrícola también se integra y es consistente con los objetivos macroeconómicos. Se buscaba en esa época disminuir el déficit fiscal y pagar la deuda externa, lo que fue conseguido con los grandes excedentes generados por el agronegocio a pesar de la disminución drástica de los subsidios agrícolas que fue necesario implementar. En el tercer período (2002-presente) se busca conciliar la promoción del agronegocio con la reducción de la pobreza, que era una agenda pendiente de la democratización y que había sido postergada en función de la necesidad de resolver los problemas fiscales e inflacionarios de la década del 80. Una vez resuelto el problema de la inflación, el Estado recupera su capacidad de planificación y comienza a atacar los problemas sociales.The aim of this article is to show characteristics of the agricultural policy stricto sensu that favored the agribusiness and agricultural development in Brazil in the past 30 years. To understand this process, the article has a brief description of the instruments of agricultural policy adopted by the Government during this period, so as to adapt to the demands of the WTO and the constraints of the economic situation. In the first phase, from 1964 to 1985, was achieved significantly increase agricultural production by guaranteeing domestic supply, which was a important bottleneck of Brazilian economy in the period pre-1964. Agricultural modernization was achieved with a high social cost, but it should be noted that this issue was not a central concern of the military governments. In the second phase (1985-2001), when Brazil starts the redemocratization, agricultural policy also changes and is consistent with macroeconomic objectives. By that time it was necessary to reduce the fiscal deficit and pay foreign debt. This goal was achieved with the large surpluses generated by the agribusiness despite the drastic reduction of agricultural subsidies. The third period (2002-present) seeks to reconcile the promotion of agribusiness with the reduction of poverty, which was an outstanding democratization agenda and which had been postponed according to the need of solving the fiscal and inflation problems from the 80's. Once solved the problem of inflation, the State regain its planning capacity and begins to attack social problems

Evolución de la Política Agrícola Brasileña: 1980-2010

The aim of this article is to show characteristics of the agricultural policy stricto sensu that favored the agribusiness and agricultural development in Brazil in the past 30 years. To understand this process, the article has a brief description of the instruments of agricultural policy adopted by the Government during this period, so as to adapt to the demands of the WTO and the constraints of the economic situation. In the first phase, from 1964 to 1985, was achieved significantly increase agricultural production by guaranteeing domestic supply, which was a important bottleneck of Brazilian economy in the period pre-1964. Agricultural modernization was achieved with a high social cost, but it should be noted that this issue was not a central concern of the military governments. In the second phase (1985-2001), when Brazil starts the redemocratization, agricultural policy also changes and is consistent with macroeconomic objectives. By that time it was necessary to reduce the fiscal deficit and pay foreign debt. This goal was achieved with the large surpluses generated by the agribusiness despite the drastic reduction of agricultural subsidies. The third period (2002-present) seeks to reconcile the promotion of agribusiness with the reduction of poverty, which was an outstanding democratization agenda and which had been postponed according to the need of solving the fiscal and inflation problems from the 80's. Once solved the problem of inflation, the State regain its planning capacity and begins to attack social problemsEl objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cuáles fueron las características de la política agrícola stricto sensu que favoreció el agronegocio y el desarrollo agropecuario en Brasil en los últimos 30 años. Para entender este proceso, se realiza una breve descripción de los instrumentos de política agrícola adoptados por el Gobierno en ese lapso, en función de la necesidad de adaptarse a las exigencias de la OMC y a las restricciones de la coyuntura. En la primera fase, de 1964 hasta 1985, se consiguió aumentar significativamente la producción agrícola garantizando el abastecimiento interno, que era el gran obstáculo verificado en el período pre-1964. La modernización agrícola fue conseguida con un gran costo social, pero cabe resaltar que esta cuestión no era una preocupación central de los gobiernos militares. En la segunda fase (1985-2001), cuando comienza la redemocratización, la política agrícola también se integra y es consistente con los objetivos macroeconómicos. Se buscaba en esa época disminuir el déficit fiscal y pagar la deuda externa, lo que fue conseguido con los grandes excedentes generados por el agronegocio a pesar de la disminución drástica de los subsidios agrícolas que fue necesario implementar. En el tercer período (2002-presente) se busca conciliar la promoción del agronegocio con la reducción de la pobreza, que era una agenda pendiente de la democratización y que había sido postergada en función de la necesidad de resolver los problemas fiscales e inflacionarios de la década del 80. Una vez resuelto el problema de la inflación, el Estado recupera su capacidad de planificación y comienza a atacar los problemas sociale

DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL RURAL NO BRASIL: UMA POLÊMICA

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a idéia de desenvolvimento territorial chamando a atenção para alguns trade off desse conceito: a) entre a ênfase no econômico ou no social-institucional, b) entre participação e eficácia, c) entre representatividade e inovação, d) entre coesão social e conflito e, e) entre rendas agrícolas e rendas rurais multifuncionais.---------------------------------The main purpose of this article is to discuss the notion of territorial development highlighting some tradeoffs of this concept: a) between economic or social emphasis, b) between participation and efficacy, c) between representation and innovation, d) between social cohesion and conflict and e) between agricultural income and rural multifunctional incomes

DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL RURAL NO BRASIL: UMA POLÊMICA

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a idéia de desenvolvimento territorial chamando a atenção para alguns trade off desse conceito: a) entre a ênfase no econômico ou no social-institucional, b) entre participação e eficácia, c) entre representatividade e inovação, d) entre coesão social e conflito e, e) entre rendas agrícolas e rendas rurais multifuncionais.---------------------------------The main purpose of this article is to discuss the notion of territorial development highlighting some tradeoffs of this concept: a) between economic or social emphasis, b) between participation and efficacy, c) between representation and innovation, d) between social cohesion and conflict and e) between agricultural income and rural multifunctional incomes.Desenvolvimento, Rural, Território, Agricultura Familiar, Development, Rural, Territory, Family Farming, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management,

Agricultura familiar nas regiões serrana, norte e noroeste fluminense: determinantes do processo de geração de renda

The aim of this paper is to study the perspectives of family farming in serrana, north and northwest regions in Rio de Janeiro state by identifying the determinants of farm income. This paper performs a literature review about family farming in Brazil and the way it has been developing in serrana, north and northwest regions of Rio de Janeiro, showing its economic importance. Aiming to analyze the determinants of farm income, the paper uses multiple regression analysis based on data from the BNDES/UFscar/Cresol research project “Studies to guide new agricultural business opportunities, collective investment and alternative marketing possibilities”. The regression results show that the use of technical assistance by farmers, their participation in rural cooperatives, the area of these establishments and the increase in the years of schooling of the agricultural producer boost the generation of gross income. Therefore, it can be said that public policies that focus on the development of family agriculture should include aspects that involve the education and training of rural producers, as well as encourage participation in rural cooperatives and the use of technical assistance

Agricultura familiar nas regiões serrana, norte e noroeste fluminense: determinantes do processo de geração de renda

The aim of this paper is to study the perspectives of family farming in serrana, north and northwest regions in Rio de Janeiro state by identifying the determinants of farm income. This paper performs a literature review about family farming in Brazil and the way it has been developing in serrana, north and northwest regions of Rio de Janeiro, showing its economic importance. Aiming to analyze the determinants of farm income, the paper uses multiple regression analysis based on data from the BNDES/UFscar/Cresol research project “Studies to guide new agricultural business opportunities, collective investment and alternative marketing possibilities”. The regression results show that the use of technical assistance by farmers, their participation in rural cooperatives, the area of these establishments and the increase in the years of schooling of the agricultural producer boost the generation of gross income. Therefore, it can be said that public policies that focus on the development of family agriculture should include aspects that involve the education and training of rural producers, as well as encourage participation in rural cooperatives and the use of technical assistance