Tbx20 - Ein essentieller Regulator der Entwicklung des atrioventrikulären Kanals im Zebrafisch

Etwa 1 % aller Lebendgeburten leiden unter angeborenen Herzfehlern, von denen viele untherapiert zum Tod durch Herzinsuffizienz führen. Um die Früherkennung von angeborenen Herzfehlern zu erleichtern und Therapieansätze zu finden, wurden Tiermodelle entwickelt, die es ermöglichen, angeborene Herzfehler detailliert zu erforschen. Weiches herzm245 (whz) ist eine rezessive, embryonal letale Zebrafischmutante, die im Rahmen der funktionellen Genomanalyse durch ENUMutagenese erzeugt wurde. Homozygot-mutante whz-Embryonen entwickeln im Verlauf ihrer Herzentwicklung eine kontraktile Dysfunktion, die zum vollständigen Verlust der Blutzirkulation und damit zum embryonalen Tod führt. Durch histologische und molekularbiologische Untersuchungen von mutanten whz-Embryonen wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit gezeigt, dass die Entwicklung des atrioventrikulären Kanals (AVC) bereits im frühesten durch molekulare Marker nachweisbaren Entwicklungsstadium inhibiert ist. So entwickeln mutante whz- Embryonen weder AV-Klappen, noch ein spezialisiertes AV-Überleitungssystem, das im Wildtyp (WT) die sequentielle Kontraktion von Atrium und Ventrikel steuert. Die positionelle Klonierung ergab, dass der whz-Phänotyp durch einen Gendefekt in tbx20, einem Tbox-Transkriptionsfaktor, hervorgerufen wird, der zum partiellen Verlust der transkriptorischen Aktivatorfunktion führt. Die loss of function- Mutation in tbx20 wurde durch einen genetischen rescue von whz durch WT-tbx20 bestätigt. Die durchgeführten Analysen kamen zu dem Schluss, dass im Zebrafisch die Entwicklung des AVC durch die synergistische transkriptorische Aktivität von Tbx20 mit Nkx2.5, Gata5 und Tbx5 reguliert wird und dass bmp4 ein direktes Zielgen von Tbx20 darstellt. Des Weiteren wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit im Zebrafisch eine zweite Isoform von Tbx20, Tbx20b, isoliert, die nicht die Entwicklung des AVCs oder des Herzens, sondern die Angiogenese reguliert. Darüber hinaus wurde festgestellt, dass der FGF-Signalweg sowohl die morphologische als auch die funktionelle Entwicklung des AVCs reguliert und dort möglicherweise durch Tbx20 induziert wird

Directory of Academic Library Consortia (Book Review)

published or submitted for publicatio

The Role of Long-Chained Marine N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Disease

This paper reviews the current evidence regarding long-chained marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), their possible mechanisms of action, and results of clinical trials. Also, primary and secondary prevention trials as studies on antiarrhythmic effects and meta-analyses are summarized. However, the individual bioavailability of n-3 PUFAs along with the highly different study designs and estimations of FAs intake or supplementation dosages in patient populations with different background intake of n-3 PUFAs might be some of the reasons for the inconsistent findings of the studies evaluating the impact of n-3 PUFAs on CVD. The question of an optimum dose of n-3 PUFAs or whether there exists adose-response relation for n-3 PUFA supplementation is widely discussed.Moreover, the difficulties in interpreting meta-analyses are clearly demonstrated by two recently published meta-analyses (Rizos et al. and Delgado Lista et al.), evaluating the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs on CVD, including 12 common studies, but drawing opposite conclusions. We definitely need more large-scale, randomized clinical trials of long duration, also reporting harmful effects of n-3 PUFAs.publishedVersio

Fotballdommere som "the duck" - Eliteseriedommeres opplevelse og håndtering av stress i vanskelige situasjoner

Hensikten med denne kvalitative studien er å søke kunnskap om hvordan Eliteseriedommerne opplever stress og håndterer stress i vanskelige situasjoner. Den praktiske implikasjonen med studien er å rette fokus mot dommerutvikling i form av mental trening og stresshåndtering. Datagrunnlaget har blitt skapt gjennom semi-strukturerte intervjuer med fire fotballdommere i Eliteserien, med utgangspunkt i to kontroversielle situasjoner de selv har vært i sentrum av. Disse dataene er analysert med inspirasjon fra grounded theory. Dataene er deretter presentert dommer for dommer, og situasjon for situasjon. Funnene har blitt diskutert i lys av stressteori og tidligere forskning. Stressteorien belyser hva stress er og hvordan det påvirker fotballdommerne i vanskelige situasjoner. Funnene mine antyder at Eliteseriedommerne blir utsatt for stress i kamp. Graden av stresset påvirkes av deres egen tro på avgjørelsen, tidligere erfaringer og omgivelsene. Dommerne i Eliteserien ønsker å være “the duck”. Selv om de føler seg stresset, ønsker de å utstråle ro og trygghet. Når 20.000 tilskuere roper på straffe og alle retter fokus mot mannen i svart, pendler beina til “the duck” under overflaten, mens over vannet og i spotlighten ser dommeren ut til å være i full kontroll. Når den vanskelige situasjonen inntrer, har dommeren konkrete tanker på arbeidsoppgavene. I etterkant av situasjonen, når dommeren får tid til å tenke, øker stressnivået. Dommerne har ikke muligheten til å stå med fasiten i hånda på banen, og må ta beslutninger på hva de har sett på et tidels sekund. For å håndtere stresset har dommerne utviklet strategier for å prestere best mulig i kampen. Både dommeren selv og dommerteamet har strategier på å håndtere spillere, vanskelige situasjoner, og andre stressrelaterte utfordringer.The purpose of this qualitative study is to seek knowledge about how Elite referees in Norway experience stress and handle stress in difficult situations. The practical implication of the study is to focus on referee development in terms of mental training and stress management. The data has been created through semi-structured interviews with four football referees in the Eliteserien, based on two controversial situations they themselves have been at the center of. These data have been analyzed with inspiration from grounded theory. The data is then presented referee by referee, and situation by situation. The findings have been discussed considering stress theory and previous research. The stress theory sheds light on what stress is and how it affects football referees in difficult situations. My findings suggest that the Elite referees are exposed to stress in matches. The degree of stress is influenced by their own beliefs about the decision, previous experiences and the environment. The referees in the Eliteserien want to be "the duck". Even if they feel stressed, they want to radiate calm and safety. When 20.000 spectators shout for a penalty and everyone focuses on the man in black, the legs of "the duck" swing under the surface, while above the water and in the spotlight, the referee seems to be in full control. When the difficult situation arises, the referee has concrete thoughts on the work tasks. After the situation, when the referee has time to think, the stress level increases. The referees do not have the opportunity to stand with the facts in their hands on the pitch and have to make decisions based on what they have seen in a tenth of a second. To deal with the stress, the referees have developed strategies to perform as well as possible in the match. Both the referee himself and the refereeing team have strategies for dealing with players, difficult situations and other stress-related challenges

Allmennlegens møte med "kidsa". Kvalitative intervju med leger i helsestasjon for ungdom

Helsestasjon for ungdom er et lavterskeltilbud for ungdom i alderen 13-20 år som har særlig fokus på å forebygge uønsket graviditet, på forbygging og behandling av SOI og på å forebygge og avdekke psykiske plager. Det finnes lite eller ingen forskning på legers opplevelse av å jobbe i HFU. Formålet med oppgaven er å undersøke legers erfaringer med å jobbe i HFU. Det benyttes kvalitativ metode. Det er gjennomført semistrukturerte intervju med fem leger som jobber i HFU. Intervjuene er analysert ved hjelp av STC. Resultatene presenteres som analytisk tekst med innhold av sitater. Legene mente god tilgjengelighet var avgjørende for at ungdom brukte HFU. De opplevde jobben som meningsfull og følte de gjorde en forskjell. Legene verdsatte samarbeid med andre yrkesgrupper og jobben ga dem et avbrekk fra vanlig legehverdag. Utfordringene var særlig knyttet til situasjoner der de måtte gjøre både juridiske og etiske vurderinger. I kommunikasjon med ungdom brukte legene et enkelt språk, de var nysgjerrige og unngikk å moralisere. Oppgaven kan danne grunnlag for videre studier som tar for seg legens perspektiv på å jobbe i HFU

Re-admissions to hospital and patient satisfaction among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after telemedicine video consultation - a retrospective pilot study

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of acute hospital admissions. The main object of our study was to evaluate the effects of telemedicine video-consultation (TVC) on the frequency of hospital re-admissions due to COPD exacerbations. Our secondary aim was to assess the impact of TVC on the length of re-admission stays within 6 and 12 months follow up after TVC. Patient satisfaction was also evaluated. Methods: The study was a retrospective observational study of COPD patients who after hospital discharge or during outpatient treatment for acute COPD exacerbations, were monitored for 2 weeks by TVC at home by a specialist nurse at the hospital during a pilot project period. Retrospectively, we compared the frequencies (chi-square test) and durations of hospital re-admissions (paired t-test) due to COPD exacerbations within 6 and 12 months follow up after TVC to comparable events 6 and 12 months prior to TVC. Results: Among 99 patients followed for 6 months after TVC, 56 were followed for totally 12 months. The number of patients re-admitted and the number of re-admissions due to COPD exacerbations were not reduced within 6 or 12 months post-TVC, as compared to 6 and 12 months pre-TVC. The mean length of re-admission stays within 12 months post-TVC was markedly reduced as compared to pre-TVC. Patients hospitalised the last 6 and 12 months pre-TVC, had significantly shorter re-admission stays, p = 0.033 and p = 0.001, respectively. Patient satisfaction was high. Conclusion: Despite the failure to demonstrate reduced frequency of re-admissions within 6 and 12 months post-TVC, the re-admission length within 12 months post-TVC was markedly reduced as compared to pre-TVC. The patient satisfaction was high. Future prospective, randomised, controlled trials must be performed before TVC can be recommended in COPD management.publishedVersio

Vierte Anzeige alles dessen was in dem neuen Liebauschen Wittwen-, Weisen- und Arbeits-Hause, sowohl bey dessen Stiftung als auch zu desselben Erhaltung, und zur Versorgung der sämtllichen Armen unserer Stadt, im vierten Jahre veranstaltet, vorgenommen, und zu Stande gebracht worden : Zur Nachricht, Belehrung und seiner Rechtfertigung für eine sämtliche Hochlöbliche Bürgerschaft aufgesetztet und herausgegeben

https://www.ester.ee/record=b4119171*es

The Inflectional Accent in Basque and Indo-European

n/

9-O-Ethyl­berberrubinium iodide monohydrate

In the title compound (systematic name: 9-eth­oxy-10-meth­oxy-5,6-dihydro-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolino­[3,2-a]isoquin­olin-7-ium iodide monohydrate), 2C21H20NO4 +·2I−·H2O, two independent mol­ecules pack in the unit cell, where interactions between the molecules are stabilized by weak inter­molecular π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.571 (4) to 3.815 (4)Å]. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions are also observed. The iodide anions are disordered with occupancy ratios of 0.94 (1):0.06 (1) and 0.91 (1):0.09 (1). The cationic molecule is planar in structure with a small torsion resulting from the dihydropyridine ring