Ida Raffaelli, Daniela Katunar, Barbara Kerovec (eds.) (2019) Lexicalization patterns in color naming. A cross–linguistic perspective. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam/Philadelphia. 429 pages.

Book revie

Production of bioethanol on the mild acid wheat straw hydrolysates obtained by sulfuric acid in various scales

Kako bi se ispitao utjecaj temperature na uspješnost procesa predobrade pšenične slame s 0,5 % sumpornom kiselinom u visokotlačnom reaktoru, procesi predobrade provedeni su na temperaturama od 150 oC, 160 oC, 170 oC, 180 oC, 190 oC i 200 oC uz konstantno vrijeme zadržavanja (tz) od 5 minuta. Najviša koncentracija ksiloze (13,0154 g L-1) ostvarena je pri temperaturi od 160 oC, a glukoze (4,7257 g L-1) na temperaturi od 200 oC. Kako bi se ispitao učinak vremena zadržavanja na uspješnost procesa, primjenjena su vremena zadržavanja od 1 i 10 minuta na tri temperature: 160, 180 i 200 oC. Najveći maseni udio glukana uočen je predobradom na 200 oC i tz = 10 min i iznosi 30,42 %, a ksilana na temperaturi od 160 oC i tz =5 min i iznosi 68,64 %. Analizom sastava hidrolizata odabrano je 5 različitih hidrolizata za usporedbu rasta i proizvodnje etanola u Erlenmeyer tikvicama pomoću dva soja kvasca S. cerevisiae: (1) divlji soj i soj Y9. Najveća uspješnost procesa proizvodnje etanola zabilježena je kod uzgoja soja Y9 na hidrolizatu dobivenom predobradom na temperaturi od 180 oC i vremenu zadržavanja od 10 minuta pri čemu je ostvarena produktivnost od 0,045 g L-1 h-1 i efikasnost od 43,25 %. Na istom hidrolizatu proveden je uzgoj kvasca soj Y9 i u poluindustrijskom mjerilu tj. horizontalnom rotirajućem cijevnom bioreaktoru pri čemu je dobivena produktivnost od 0,143 g L-1 h-1 i efikasnost od 64,01 %.In order to investigate the effect of temperature on the efficancy of wheat straw pretretmant with 0,5 % sulfuric acid in high-pressure reactor, processes were conducted on different temperatures: 150 oC, 160 oC, 170 oC, 180 oC, 190 oC and 200 oC, with a constant residence time of 5 minutes. The highest xylose concentration (13,0154 g L-1) was achieved in pretretmant carried out at temperature of 160 oC and the highest glucose concentration (4,7257 g L-1) at temperature of 200 oC respectively. To investigate the effect of residence time on the efficancy of procces, residance time of 1 and 10 minutes were were also used at three temperatures: 160, 180 and 200 oC. The highest mass fraction of xylan (68,64 %) was achieved at temperature of 160 oC and residence time of 5 minutes. The highest mass fraction of glucan was 30,42 %, and it was observed at temperature of 200 oC and residence time of 10 minutes. Based on the composition of acid hydrolysates of wheat straw, five hydrolysates were selected for further research with two strains of S. cerevisiae: wild-type and type Y9. The most successful ethanol production process was observed by yeast strain Y9 on the broth containing wheat straw hydrolysates obtained during pretretmant at 180 oC and residence time of 10 minutes. In this bioprocess productivity of 0,045 g L-1 h-1 together with efficiency of 43,25 % were observed. During anaerobic cultivation of S. cerevisiae strain Y9 in the horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor on the same hydrolysate bioprocess productivity reached value of 0,143 g L-1 and efficiency of 64,01 % respectively

Linguistic expression of anger in Croatian and (American) English

Cilj ovoga rada je istražiti jezično izražavanje ljutnje u hrvatskome i (američkom) engleskome jeziku, s posebnim naglaskom na direktne jezične izraze ljutnje, kao i na kontekst uporabe tih jezičnih izraza. Direktni jezični izrazi ljutnje u ovome radu također su analizirani u okviru sociolingvističkog pojma zajednice, i to zajednice prakse, govorne zajednice i društvene mreže kao i sociopragmatičkih pojmova konteksta i konvencije. Emocije su integralni dio čovjekove svakodnevice i komunikacije. Jezik je sredstvo kojim čovjek doživljava, proživljava, izražava i razumije svoje emocije, pa tako i ljutnju. Teško je uopće zamisliti jedan dan u čovjekovom životu koji bi prošao bez ijednog izraza emocionalnog stanja ili doživljaja, bilo pozitivnog bilo negativnog.The aim of this dissertation is to analyze and explain expressions of anger in Croatian and (American) English. Language is a potent medium for expressing emotions. However, not all emotions are equally expressed and their expression is not equally understood. Expressing anger, which is usually analyzed and described as an uncomfortable, negative emotion carries certain social and cultural implications. The underlying assumption in this dissertation is that expressing anger carries more social and cultural regulations than expressing positive emotions. Expressing joy, happiness, satisfaction is generally favored and welcome, and will usually not present an obstacle in communication or be perceived as aggressive or threatening

O pojmovima konvencije i konteksta u istraživanjima društvenih medija

The aim of this paper is to discuss two fundamental pragmatic notions, convention and context within the framework of communication on social media. By presenting an overview of theoretical perspectives on the two notions and analyzing concrete examples from Twitter we put forward the importance of the dynamic and constant synergy between convention and context in communication on social media, but also in communication in general. Examples of tweets (Twitter posts) will show that the core principles of traditional communication – conventionalization and contextualization – remain strong and are visible in concrete realizations through new ‘communicative items’ such as hashtags (i.e. #onokad) and handles (i.e. @username). The technology behind the media opens up new avenues of creativity for the participants (users, speakers), yet the creativity remains situated within ‘contexts’ (micro- and macro-level) and perpetuated (or dismissed) through mechanisms of ‘conventionalization’. Pragmatics is shown to be a highly relevant and appropriate scholarly field for comprehensive research into language and communication on social media.Cilj je ovoga rada raspraviti dva temeljna pragmatička pojma, konvenciju i kontekst, u okviru istraživanja jezika i komunikacije u društvenim medijima. Pregledom teorijskih promišljanja pojmova konteksta i konvencije te analizom konkretnih primjera s Twittera ističemo važnost stalne dinamične sinergije između pojmova konvencije i konteksta u komunikaciji putem društvenih medija. Primjeri postova s Twittera pokazuju snagu tradicionalnih ključnih principa u jeziku i komunikaciji – konvencionalizacije i kontekstualizacije, koji se ogledaju u novim ‘komunikacijskim jedinicama’ kao što su hashtag (npr. #onokad) i handle (npr. @korisnickoime). Pritom tehnologija medija sudionicima (korisnicima, govornicima) pruža pregršt novih kreativnih mogućnosti koje se realiziraju unutar kontekstualnih okvira, i na mikrorazini i na makrorazini, te se odvijaju (ili ih se rješavamo) upravo uz pomoć ili na temelju konvencionalizacije. Najzad, u radu se ističu snaga i nužnost pragmatike i pragmatičkih istraživanja jezika i komunikacije u društvenim medijima

Introduction of deletion in gene Scw4 using "megaprimer" PCR method

Proteini stanične stijenke kvasca Sacharomyces cerevisiae se u staničnu stijenku mogu vezati putem dva mehanizma: kovalentno i nekovalentno. Nekovalentno vezani proteini se iz stanične stijenke izoliraju tretmanom sa vrućim SDS-om, a kovalentno vezani se mogu izolirati pomoću enzima glukanaza (tzv. GPI-proteini) ili ekstrakcijom pomoću 30 mM NaOH (tzv. Pir-proteini). Protein Scw4p je specifičan po tome što se u staničnu stijenku veže putem oba mehanizma tj. kovalentno i nekovalentno. Kovalentno vezani Scw4p izolira se iz stijenki prekonoćnom inkubacijom u 30 mM NaOH na 40C kao i proteini Pir porodice. Pir proteini su vezani na β-1,3-glukan esterskom vezom između hidroksilne grupe glukoze i γ-karboksilne grupe određenog ostatka glutaminske kiseline smještenog unutar ponavljajuće sekvence specifične za ovu porodicu proteina. Budući da unutar gena SCW4 takva sekvenca nije prisutna, mehanizam vezanja Scw4p u stijenku je nepoznat. Unutar gena SCW4 je međutim pronađena sekvenca slična PIR ponavljajućem motivu za koju se stoga pretpostavlja da bi mogla biti zaslužna za kovalentno vezanje Scw4p u staničnu stijenku kvasca. Kako bi se ta pretpostavka provjerila u ovom radu je koristeći PCR metodu „megapočetnice“ ta sekvenca deletirana iz gena SCW4.Yeast cell wall proteins can be linked to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall by two different mechanisms: covalently and non-covalently. Non-covalently linked proteins can be isolated from cell wall by treatment with hot SDS, and covalently linked proteins can be isolated with glucanase (GPI-proteins) or with 30mM NaOH (Pir-proteins). Protein Scw4p is specific because it can be linked to the cell wall both covalently and non-covalently. Covalently linked Scw4p is isolated by overnight extraction in 30mM NaOH on +40C like proteins of Pir family. Pir proteins are linked to β-1,3-glukan by ester bound between hydroxyl group of glucose and γ-carbonyl group of specific glutamic acid residue, placed in repetitive sequence specific for proteins of this family. Since that sequence is not present in SCW4 gene the mechanism of Scw4p covalent linkage to the cell wall is unknown. However, in the SCW4 gene sequence quite similar to PIR repetitive motive was found, that might be involved in covalently bounding of Scw4p in yeast cell wall. In order to check this assumption deletion of that sequence from the SCW4 gene was performed using „megaprimer“ PCR method

Discursive construction of climate change in anglophone and Croatian online news media

Rad predstavlja rezultate eksplorativnog istraživanja načina diskursnog konstruiranja čovjekove uloge u fenomenu klimatskih promjena. Oslanjajući se na široki model ekolingvistike i kritičke analize diskursa u radu je provedena komparativna kvalitativna analiza korpusa tekstova o klimatskim promjenama objavljenih u hrvatskim i anglofonima online medijima u određenom, nasumce odabranom periodu. Cilj istraživanja jest utvrditi koje se priče (Stibbe 2015) o tom važnom društvenom problemu konstruiraju u analiziranom korpusu hrvatskih i anglofonih medijskih tekstova i koja se opća mjesta, odnosno toposi (Wodak 2001) aktiviraju u interpretaciji tih priča, kao i kakve se strategije konstruiranja društvenih aktera (van Leeuwen 2003) koriste u oba korpusa. Komparativnom kvalitativnom analizom tekstova iz anglofonih i hrvatskih medija stječe se uvid u razlike u fokusu izvješćivanja, prominentnosti određenih (pod)tema u pojedinim sredinama i retoričkim strategijama oblikovanja samoga diskursa.Th e paper presents fi ndings of an exploratory research into the ways of discursively constructing the role of humans in climate change. Relying on the broad framework of ecolinguistics and critical discourse analysis, the authors conducted a comparative qualitative analysis of a corpus of texts published in Croatian and anglophone media in a limited, randomly chosen period. Th e aim of the research was to establish what »stories« (Stibbe 2015) related to this important social problem are given prominence in the analyzed corpus of Croatian and anglophone media texts, what points of common knowledge, i.e.«topoi« (Wodak 2001) are activated in the interpretation of these stories and what strategies of constructing »social actors« are used in the two corpora. Th e contrastive qualitative analysis makes it possible to gain insight into the diff erences in the focus of reporting, prominence given to particular (sub)topics in particular communities and rhetorical strategies used in shaping the discourse on climate change