ANALIZA EKOLOŠKOG UTJECAJA SADRŽAJA TEŠKIH METALA U OTPADNIM MATERIJALIMA PRIMIJENJENIM U CESTOGRADNJI

Use of solid waste in place of conventional materials in civil engineering structures preserves natural resources and energy and avoids expensive and/or potentially harmful waste disposal. Many studies are investigating the application of waste materials in civil engineering structures. However, in an effort to find out new areas of waste materials utilization, the environmental impact of the installation of such materials in building structures often remains neglected. This study focused on the environmental aspect of the application of currently investigated waste materials in Croatia with an emphasis on heavy metal content. Heavy metal concentration in steel slag, river sediment, and biomass ash was measured, and the possibility of their use in road construction in accordance with currently valid legislation was assessed.Uporaba krutog otpada umjesto konvencionalnih materijala u građevinarstvu pridonosi očuvanju prirodnih izvora i energije, čime je ujedno izbjegnuto skupo te potencijalno opasno odlaganje takvog otpada. Mnogo je istraživanja na temu primjene otpadnih materijala u graditeljstvu. Međutim, u nastojanju da se pronađu nova područja primjene otpadnih materijala, utjecaj ugradnje takvih materijala u građevinske konstrukcije na okoliš često puta ostaje zanemaren. Ovaj rad bavi se ekološkim aspektom primjene trenutačno istraživanih otpadnih materijala u Hrvatskoj, s naglaskom na sadržaj teških metala. Određeni su sadržaji teških metala u čeličanskoj zguri, talogu iz riječnog nanosa i pepelu biomase te procijenjena mogućnost njihove primjene u cestogradnji s obzirom na trenutačno važeće zakonodavstvo

Risk management and impact on auditing financial statements

Rizik je neizbježan dio svakog poslovanja te je zbog toga važno osigurati potrebne instrumente zaštite poduzeća. Rizik se javlja u situacijama kad sa sigurnošću ne možemo reći što će se dogoditi, odnosno kad je krajnji rezultat u potpunosti ili djelomično neizvjestan. Kako bi se rizik smanjio i držao pod kontrolom, često uz pojam rizika vežemo i pojam revizija. Naime, korelacija rizika i revizije je naročito bitna jer se revizijskim testovima određuju strategije i ciljevi poslovnog subjekta kao i način korištenja resursa. Revizijskim testovima se mogućnost pogreške i prijevare svodi na minimum čime se i rizik poslovanja smanjuje. Kako bi se navedeno postiglo, osmišljeni su revizijski testovi koji mogu biti testovi kontrole i dokazni testovi. Testovi kontrole podrazumijevaju intervju, inspekciju, promatranje, usklađivanje, ponovno izvođenje i/ili potvrđivanje, dok dokazni testovi podrazumijevaju dokazne testove poslovnih događaja, analitičke postupke te testove salda. U cijelom procesu provedbe revizije odnosno revizijskih testova značajnu ulogu imaju i revizijski dokazi kojima revizor nastoji pobliže dobiti informacije i podatke na temelju kojih će donijeti svoj konačan sud, a koje može zatražiti te dobiti od internih i eksternih sudionika povezanih s poslovanjem poduzeća nad kojim se vrši postupak revizije.Risk is an inevitable part of every business, and it is therefore very important to provide the necessary protection instruments for the company. Risk occurs in situations when we can’t safely say what will happen, that is, when finally result is totally or partially uncertain. In order to reduce and control the risk, we often associate the notion of risk with the term risk. Namely, the correlation between risk and audit is very important because auditing tests determine the strategies and goals of a business entity as well as how the resources are used. Auditing tests the possibility of error and fraud minimizing the risk of business being reduced. In order to achieve this, auditing tests can be developed, which may be tests of control and substantive tests. Tests of control include interview, inspection, observation, alignment, re-performance and / or confirmation, while substantive tests include evidence of business events, analytical procedures, and balance tests. Throughout the audit implementation process or auditing tests, audit evidence has a significant role to play in the auditor's efforts to obtain more information and data on the basis of which he/she will make his/her final judgment, which may request from internal and external participants associated participants with the business of the company in which auditing procedure is carried out

Psychiatrisch-rechtliche Urteilsfindung – Das Kind und die Scheidung

The threat of divorce for children lies in the disruption of relationships with the parents. The struggle for and through the children embodies the intense conflicts that often accompany the failing marriage. This study deals with a case study of child custody decision-making after its parental divorce and it points out the psychodynamic aspect of psychiatric – legal decision- -making. The objective of this case study is: 1. to analyse psychodynamic effects of divorce on children and parents; 2. to investigate the roles of postdivorce relationships, developmental factors and child gender differences in the process of custody decision-making; 3. to do a brief literature review in the field of child custody. The results and the conclusions: 1. postdivorce relationships and reactions among parents and children include important psychodynamic and psychological changes of quality and availability; 2. the study shows the important influence of postdivorce relationships, developmental factors and child gender differences in the process of child custody decision- -making; 3. the study raised the question as to how important the custody arrangement by itself is to the psychological adjustment of the child; 4. child custody decision-making is a complex interdisciplinary problem which deals with psychological, sociological, psychiatric and legal aspects of the divorce; 5. professionals who are responsible for child custody decision-making must keep in mind that the custodial arrangement should fulfill the conditions for the child\u27s psychological task-resolving and that, above all, the principle of acting in the best interest of the child or adolescent and the principle of avoiding harm as much as possible must prevail in custody decision-making.Rastava braka prijetnja je djeci jer uništava odnose s roditeljima. Borba za djecu i preko djece utjelovljuje jake sukobe koji nastaju propadanjem braka. Ovaj rad bavi se studijom slu~aja o odlu~ivanju oko skrbništva nad djetetom nakon rastave roditelja i upozorava na psihodinami~ki vid psihijatrijskoga zakonskog odlu~ivanja. Cilj ove studije slu~aja jest: 1. razmotriti psihodinami~ke posljedice koje rastava ostavlja na djeci i roditeljima; 2. istra`iti uloge me|uljudskih odnosa nakon rastave, razvojnih ~imbenika i razlike u djetetovu spolu prilikom odlu~ivanja o skrbništvu; 3. osvrnuti se kratko na literaturu s podru~ja dje~jega skrbništva. Rezultati i zaklju~ci: 1. me|uljudski odnosi i ponašanja i roditelja i djece nakon rastave uklju~uju va`ne psihodinami~ke i psihološke promjene u kvaliteti i dostupnosti; 2. studija pokazuje zna~ajan utjecaj odnosa nakon rastave, razvojnih ~imbenika i razlika u djetetovu spolu na tijek odlu~ivanja o skrbništvu; 3. studija postavlja pitanje va`nosti samoga dogovora o skrbništvu za psihološku prilagodbu djeteta; 4. odlu~ivanje o skrbništvu nad djetetom slo`eno je interdisciplinarno pitanje koje se bavi psihološkim, sociološkim, psihijatrijskim i zakonskim oblicima rastave; 5. stru~njaci koji odlu~uju o skrbništvu nad djecom moraju imati na umu da skrbni~ki dogovor treba omogu}iti djetetu uvjete za rješavanje psiholoških problema te da je u odlu~ivanju o skrbništvu najva`nije na~elo djelovanja u najboljem interesu djeteta ili adolescenta te na~elo izbjegavanja štete što je više mogu}e.Die Scheidung der Eltern stellt für das Kind eine große Bedrohung dar, da dadurch das bisherige Verhältnis zu den Eltern zerstört wird. Der mit dem Zerfall der Ehe einsetzende Kampf um die Kinder, der nicht selten auch über die Kinder selbst geführt wird, bringt starke Konflikte mit sich. Der vorliegende Artikel ist eine Fallstudie aus dem Bereich der Urteilsfindung in einem Scheidungsprozess, bei dem das Kind einem Elternteil zugesprochen wird. Die Autoren verweisen in ihrer Arbeit auf den psychodynamischen Aspekt der psychiatrisch-rechtlichen Urteilsfindung. Die Studie hat folgende Ziele: 1) Es sollen die psychodynamischen Folgen untersucht werden, die eine Scheidung für Kinder und Eltern hat. 2) Es sollen die zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen nach der Scheidung, verschiedene Entwicklungsfaktoren sowie die Rolle der Geschlechstzugehörigkeit des Kindes im Laufe der Zuerteilung des Sorgerechts untersucht werden. 3) Die Autoren wollen dem Leser einen kurzen Einblick in die Fachliteratur aus dem Bereich des Kindschaftsrechts gewähren. Ergebnisse und Schlüsse: 1) Zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen und Verhaltensmuster auf Seiten von Eltern und Kindern nach der Scheidung sind geprägt von gewichtigen psychodynamischen und psychologischen Veränderungen hinsichtlich Qualität und Verfügbarkeit. 2) Das Verhältnis der ehemaligen Ehepartner nach der Scheidung, verschiedene Entwicklungsfaktoren sowie die Geschlechtszugehörigkeit des Kindes beeinflussen nachhaltig die Zuerteilung des Sorgerechts. 3) Es wird die Frage aufgeworfen, wie wichtig die elterlichen Absprachen selbst für die seelische Anpassung des Kindes sind. 4) Die Zuerteilung des Sorgerechts ist eine komplexe interdisziplinäre Frage, die dem psychologischen, soziologischen, psychiatrischen und rechtlichen Aspekt der Ehescheidung Rechnung tragen muss. 5) Die Experten, in deren Händen die Entscheidung über die Zusprechung des Sorgerechts liegt, müssen stets im Blick behalten, dass die erzielte Lösung dem Kind ermöglichen muss, mit seinen psychologischen Problemen zurechtzukommen, und dass es am allerwichtigsten ist, im besten Interesse des Kindes zu handeln und, so weit es geht, Schäden zu vermeiden

Fourier resonator

In this thesis, a function block for the Fourier analysis is described. For the purpose of testing the resonator block a function block for generating the input signal is created . The Fourier analysis is performed by the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). The generated signal represents a sum of four sinusoidal signals. The program allows changing the frequency and amplitude of different signal forms. An HMI interface which displays the signal components has been made in CodesysIn this thesis, a function block for Fourier analysis and a block for generating the input signal to be analyzed has been made. The function block for generating the signal was made for the purpose of testing the resonator block. For the process of the Fourier analysis, DFT has been used. The generated signal is composed of a sum of four sinusoidal signals. The frequency and amplitude can be varied for different signal forms. An HMI interface has been made in Codesys where we can see the signal component

Adhesion of phytoplankton cells at a charged electrde/aqueous electrolyte interface

U ovom radu ispitan je rast i prilagodba morskog fitoplanktona Dunaliella tertiolecta u dva vodena medija različitog saliniteta primjenom elektrokemijske metode, i tankoslojne kromatografije. Elektrokemijska karakterizacija staničnih suspenzija ukazuje na slična adhezijska ponašanja stanica u širokom području potencijala na elektrodi za oba medija. Veća fiziološka aktivnost stanica u smislu izlučenih biomolekula i mikrometarskih čestica detektirana je u mediju nižeg saliniteta. Tankoslojnom kromatografijom dobiven je porast koncentracije ukupnih lipida s porastom gustoće stanica za oba medija. Veća koncentracija ukupnih lipida određena je u mediju nižeg saliniteta. Najzastupljeniji membranski lipidi su glikolipidi koji variraju sa starošću kulture kod višeg i nižeg saliniteta. Kombinacijom dviju metoda omogućuje se bolje razumijevanje ponašanja stanica u vodenom sustavu u uvjetima okolišnog stresa (npr. kod promjene saliniteta).In this thesis growth and adaptation of marine phytoplankton Dunaliella tertiolecta was examined in two media of different salinity using electrochemical methods and thin layer chromatography. Electrochemical characterization of cell suspensions showed similar adhesion behavior of cells in the wide range of applied potentials at the electrode in the both media. Higher physiological activity of cells due to the presence of exudates of biomolecules and micrometer sized particles was detected in the lower salinity medium. Thin layer chromatography showed increase in concentration of the total lipids with the cell density, for the both media. Higher concentration of total lipids was found in the lower ionic strength. Determined predominant membrane lipids were glycolipids that varied with aging of the cell culture at lower and higher salinity. Combination of electrochemical methods and thin layer chromatography enables better understanding of behavior of phytoplankton cells in aquatic system under environmental stress condition (e.g. variation of salinity)

Implementation of integrated training of physical abilities in football

Nogometna igra zahtjeva visoku razinu kondicijskih sposobnosti kako bi nogometaš mogao obavljati aktivnosti za vrijeme igre. S obzirom na potrebu optimalne razvijenosti velikog broja funkcionalno-motoriĉkih sposobnosti (gust raspored utakmica) potrebno je primjeniti integralni sustav kondicijske pripreme. Glavni cilj rada je prikazati integralni sustav kondicijske pripreme u nogometu koji omogućava istovremeni utjecaj na razvoj relevantnih funkcionalno-motoriĉkih kapaciteta nogometaša. U radu će isto tako biti iznesene osnovne zakonitosti i principi treniranja pojedinih sposobnosti kao i primjeri vjeţbi treninga integralnog karaktera.Football requires a high level of physical abilities of players, because they need to handle intensity of activity. Given the need, for optimal development of a large number of functional-motor skills (tight fixture), it is necessary to apply the integrated system of traning. The main objective of this paper is to present an integrated system traning in footballthat allows simultaneous influence on the development of relevant functional-motor capacity of players. The paper will also present the basic laws and principles of training of individual player skills as well as examples ofintegratedtraining system

Pressure profile during driller's and wait & weight well kill method : master’s thesis

Svi postupci kontrole tlaka oslanjaju se na rano prepoznavanje dotoka i zatvaranje bušotine kako bi se spriječio daljni dotok. Nakon zatvaranja bušotine, pristupa se ugušivanju bušotine različitim metodama, najčešće bušaćom ili inženjerskom metodom kontrole tlaka. Poznate su prednosti i nedostaci obje metode, sa bušaćom metodom se može započeti odmah nakon očitanja tlakova, dok se inženjerskom metodom razvijaju manji tlakovi na ušću bušotine i u području pete kolone. Razvoj tlakova tijekom ugušivanja može se pratiti na temelju karakerističnih očitanja: početnog cirkulacijskog tlaka, konačnog cirkulacijskog tlaka i tlaka na ušću bušotine. Izrađenim modelom izračunati su karakteristični tlakovi u ovisnosti o hodovima pumpe nakon zatvaranja bušotine. Izrađeni model uz nekoliko pretpostavki potvrđuje razvoj manjih tlakova tijekom provedbe inženjerske metode. U stvarnosti, to ne mora nužno biti slučaj.Abstract: Well killing methods rely on early kick detection and shutting in the well to prevent any further influx into wellbore. When the well is shut in, appropriate well kill method is selected, most commonly, driller's method or wait & weight method. Advantages and disadvantages of both methods are known, well kill procedure using driller's method can start immediately, while using wait & weight method lower pressure in the annulus are developed. Pressure profile can be tracked with characteristic pressures during well kill procedure: initial circulation pressure, final circulation pressure and casing pressure. Characteristic pressures are calculated using pressure model for well kill procedures, with few assumptions. Pressure model confirms lower casing pressures during wait & weight method, while in real situation, that does not have to be case

Implementation of integrated training of physical abilities in football

Nogometna igra zahtjeva visoku razinu kondicijskih sposobnosti kako bi nogometaš mogao obavljati aktivnosti za vrijeme igre. S obzirom na potrebu optimalne razvijenosti velikog broja funkcionalno-motoriĉkih sposobnosti (gust raspored utakmica) potrebno je primjeniti integralni sustav kondicijske pripreme. Glavni cilj rada je prikazati integralni sustav kondicijske pripreme u nogometu koji omogućava istovremeni utjecaj na razvoj relevantnih funkcionalno-motoriĉkih kapaciteta nogometaša. U radu će isto tako biti iznesene osnovne zakonitosti i principi treniranja pojedinih sposobnosti kao i primjeri vjeţbi treninga integralnog karaktera.Football requires a high level of physical abilities of players, because they need to handle intensity of activity. Given the need, for optimal development of a large number of functional-motor skills (tight fixture), it is necessary to apply the integrated system of traning. The main objective of this paper is to present an integrated system traning in footballthat allows simultaneous influence on the development of relevant functional-motor capacity of players. The paper will also present the basic laws and principles of training of individual player skills as well as examples ofintegratedtraining system

Pressure profile during driller's and wait & weight well kill method : master’s thesis

Svi postupci kontrole tlaka oslanjaju se na rano prepoznavanje dotoka i zatvaranje bušotine kako bi se spriječio daljni dotok. Nakon zatvaranja bušotine, pristupa se ugušivanju bušotine različitim metodama, najčešće bušaćom ili inženjerskom metodom kontrole tlaka. Poznate su prednosti i nedostaci obje metode, sa bušaćom metodom se može započeti odmah nakon očitanja tlakova, dok se inženjerskom metodom razvijaju manji tlakovi na ušću bušotine i u području pete kolone. Razvoj tlakova tijekom ugušivanja može se pratiti na temelju karakerističnih očitanja: početnog cirkulacijskog tlaka, konačnog cirkulacijskog tlaka i tlaka na ušću bušotine. Izrađenim modelom izračunati su karakteristični tlakovi u ovisnosti o hodovima pumpe nakon zatvaranja bušotine. Izrađeni model uz nekoliko pretpostavki potvrđuje razvoj manjih tlakova tijekom provedbe inženjerske metode. U stvarnosti, to ne mora nužno biti slučaj.Abstract: Well killing methods rely on early kick detection and shutting in the well to prevent any further influx into wellbore. When the well is shut in, appropriate well kill method is selected, most commonly, driller's method or wait & weight method. Advantages and disadvantages of both methods are known, well kill procedure using driller's method can start immediately, while using wait & weight method lower pressure in the annulus are developed. Pressure profile can be tracked with characteristic pressures during well kill procedure: initial circulation pressure, final circulation pressure and casing pressure. Characteristic pressures are calculated using pressure model for well kill procedures, with few assumptions. Pressure model confirms lower casing pressures during wait & weight method, while in real situation, that does not have to be case

SAMPLING METHOD OF SOIL AND PLANTS

Temeljni problem pouzdane procjene produktivnosti zemljišta i izračuna gnoidbenih preporuka predstavlja istovremeno utvrđivanje kakvoće i nedostataka unutar jednog sustava korištenja tla. Naravno, na produktivnost zemljišta utječe niz čimbenika, a jedan od najvažnijih izvora informacija o zemljištu možemo dobiti kemijskom analizom tla i biljke. Svaka kemijska analiza započinje pripremom uzorka koji se analizira, a to podrazumijeva pravilno i pravovremeno uzorkovanje analiziranog materijala. Prilikom uzorkovanja treba se strikino pridržavati opisanih pravila uzorkovanja bilo da se radi o tlu ili biljci Jedino takvim načinom možemo postići konačni cilj, dobiti reprezentativni uzorak te na temelju provedenih analiza procijeniti proizvodni potencijal zemljišta, izračunati točne potrebe za hranivim tvarima, detektirati nisku raspoloživost određenih elemenata ishrane bilja i drugo.Main problem of dependable assessment land suitability and fertilization recommendations calculations is how simultaneously determination quality and defects within one system of soil use. Of course, on land productivity affects series of factors and one of the most important source of information on land can be acquired through chemical analysis of land and plant. Every chemical analysis starts with preparation of sample which is being analyzed and that includes accurate and timely sampling of analyzed material. During sampling you need to strictly obey described rules of sampling, be it land or plant. Only in this way we can accomplish ultimate goal, get the representative sample and based on conducted analyzes evaluate production potential of land, calculate exact needs for nutrients, detect low availability of certain elements of plant nutrition and other