Touristischer Geschichtsgebrauch. Über einige Merkmale neuer Vergangenheiten im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert

Es ist zumindest erstaunlich, dass die deutschen Forschungsdebatten über Gedächtnis- und Erinnerungskultur eine prominente Form modernen Geschichtsgebrauchs fast vollständig ignorieren: Tourismus. Dieser ist am Beginn des 21.Jahrhunderts aber keine Randerscheinung, sondern einer der wachstums- und umsatzstärksten globalen Dienstleistungssektoren. Tourismus ist eine rosa Fabrik; eine Bildermaschine, die aus Imaginationen buchstäblich ökonomische Wirklichkeiten erzeugt. Tourismus produziert auch neue Inanspruchnahmen von historischem Material, von Monumenten, Entwicklungen und Ereignissen aus der Vergangenheit; und die unterscheiden sich deutlich von ihren älteren nationalstaatlichen und religiösen Vorläufern. Einmal als touristische Attraktionen etabliert, beginnen sich die Überreste der Vergangenheit zu verändern, plastisch zu werden - und ein neues Eigenleben zu entwickeln. In dieser Postproduktion von Vergangenheit spielen die Verbindungen zu Affektbildern aus anderen Medien (Historienmalerei, Romanen und Filmen) offensichtlich eine wichtige Rolle. Für touristische Geschichtsnutzung, so scheint es, ist Artifizialität kein Hindernis, sondern ein Möglichkeitsreservoir. Welche neuen Erscheinungsformen von Vergangenheit entstehen dabei, und wie lassen sie sich beschreiben

Oops! The Legal Consequences of and Solutions to Online Pricing Errors

How can businesses conducting sales over the Internet protect themselves from the inevitability of pricing errors? Unlike the brick and mortar retailers’ ability to catch a pricing error quickly, thousands of orders can be placed with online retailers before they detect the problem. When pricing errors do occur and contracts are formed, merchants are forced to choose between absorbing the resulting financial loss as an investment in goodwill or trying to invalidate the contracts under the doctrine of unilateral mistake. To avoid binding contracts with customers at erroneous prices, online retailers should employ protective methods of contract formation that help prevent loss

Combining Soil Health and Fertility Measurements to Improve the Accuracy of Predicting Corn Grain Yield Responses to P and K Fertilization

Researchers have pointed to changes in climate and land management practices to justify the need to reevaluate the accuracy of current South Dakota (SD) corn (Zea mays L.) P and K fertilizer recommendations. Also, an increase in soil health understanding has created the potential for soil health measurements to be used to improve the accuracy of these recommendations. The objectives for this study were to 1) evaluate the current P and K critical values and 2) determine the effect of including soil health indicators on improving fertilizer recommendation accuracy. This project was conducted throughout central and eastern SD from 2019-2021 at 97 experimental areas that varied in management, landform, and soil type. Fertilizer addition treatments of 112 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 112 kg K2O ha-1 were compared to a control with no P or K fertilizer. Soil health and fertility samples (0-15 cm) were collected before fertilization and analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. A linear plateau model indicated the soil test P (STP) critical value needs to be increased from 16 to 20 mg kg-1 and soil test K (STK) needs to be decreased from 160 to 140 mg kg-1. However, both new critical values either 1) had low correlation values to yield response or 2) were not significantly better than the old critical values. Therefore, more sites and years of data are needed to confirm if a change in critical values is needed. Random forest variable importance methods found differences among variables, although differences were not substantial enough to clearly identify what variables were most important in predicting yield response to P and K fertilization. Decision tree analysis found several variables for P (STP, CEC, soil respiration, and clay content) and K (STK, tillage, and soil pH) that when split using a decision tree, improved prediction accuracy from 63% (STP or STK used alone) to 74% and 77%, respectively. These results demonstrate that soil health indicators along with soil fertility testing improves the accuracy of our yield response predictions to P and K fertilizer

Pathological gambling and substance abuse in the Las Vegas arrestee population

There has been extensive literature on the nature of pathological gambling and substance abuse on criminal offending; however, most of what is known about these disorders stem from clinical populations and the general population. Both of these populations differ from arrestee populations; therefore, our understanding about the disorders remains limited. This is a study among the arrestee population utilizing data collected in Las Vegas detention centers during a federally funded research project that monitors the extent and nature of drug abuse. In addition to the program, a Gambling Addendum was administered to all willing participants; Findings support a greater prevalence of pathological gamblers in the arrestee population. Furthermore, findings also indicate that being a pathological gambler increases the odds of committing a property crime while having a substance abuse problem increases the odds of committing a felony and committing more property crimes

Zeig Dich im Zauberspieglein: Rezension zu "Body-Bilder. Körperkultur, Digitalisierung und soziale Netzwerke" von Jörg Scheller und "Gesichtserkennung. Vernetzte Bilder, körperlose Masken" von Roland Meyer

Jörg Scheller: Body-Bilder: Körperkultur, Digitalisierung und soziale Netzwerke. Berlin: Wagenbach 2021. 978-3-8031-3704-3 +++ Roland Meyer: Gesichtserkennung: Vernetzte Bilder, körperlose Masken. Berlin: Wagenbach 2021. 978-3-8031-3705-

An emerging understanding of H-mode discharges in tokamaks

A remarkable degree of consistency of experimental results from tokamaks throughout the world has developed with regard to the phenomenology of the transition from L-mode to H-mode confinement in tokamaks. The transition is initiated in a narrow layer at the plasma periphery where density fluctuations are suppressed and steep gradients of temperature and density form in a region with large first and second radial derivatives in the [upsilon][sub E][sup [yields]] = (E [times] B)/B[sup 2] flow velocity. These results are qualitatively consistent with theories which predict suppression of fluctuations by shear or curvature in [upsilon]E. The required [upsilon]E flow is generated very rapidly when the magnitude of the heating power or of an externally imposed radial current exceed threshold values and several theoretical models have been developed to explain the observed changes in the [upsilon]E flow. After the transition occurs, the altered boundary conditions enable the development of improved confinement in the plasma interior on a confinement time scale. The resulting H-mode discharge has typically twice the confinement of L-mode discharges and regimes of further improved confinement have been obtained in some H-mode scenarios