Manual therapy with and without vestibular rehabilitation for cervicogenic dizziness: a systematic review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Manual therapy is an intervention commonly advocated in the management of dizziness of a suspected cervical origin. Vestibular rehabilitation exercises have been shown to be effective in the treatment of unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders, and have also been suggested in the literature as an adjunct in the treatment of cervicogenic dizziness. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for manual therapy, in conjunction with or without vestibular rehabilitation, in the management of cervicogenic dizziness.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A comprehensive search was conducted in the databases Scopus, Mantis, CINHAL and the Cochrane Library for terms related to manual therapy, vestibular rehabilitation and cervicogenic dizziness. Included studies were assessed using the Maastricht-Amsterdam criteria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of fifteen articles reporting findings from thirteen unique investigations, including five randomised controlled trials and eight prospective, non-controlled cohort studies were included in this review. The methodological quality of the included studies was generally poor to moderate. All but one study reported improvement in dizziness following either unimodal or multimodal manual therapy interventions. Some studies reported improvements in postural stability, joint positioning, range of motion, muscle tenderness, neck pain and vertebrobasilar artery blood flow velocity.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Although it has been argued that manual therapy combined with vestibular rehabilitation may be superior in the treatment of cervicogenic dizziness, there are currently no observational and experimental studies demonstrating such effects. A rationale for combining manual therapy and vestibular rehabilitation in the management of cervicogenic dizziness is presented.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There is moderate evidence to support the use of manual therapy, in particular spinal mobilisation and manipulation, for cervicogenic dizziness. The evidence for combining manual therapy and vestibular rehabilitation in the management of cervicogenic dizziness is lacking. Further research to elucidate potential synergistic effects of manual therapy and vestibular rehabilitation is strongly recommended.</p

Vitalism in contemporary chiropractic: a help or a hinderance?

Background: Chiropractic emerged in 1895 and was promoted as a viable health care substitute in direct competition with the medical profession. This was an era when there was a belief that one cause and one cure for all disease would be discovered. The chiropractic version was a theory that most diseases were caused by subluxated (slightly displaced) vertebrae interfering with “nerve vibrations” (a supernatural, vital force) and could be cured by adjusting (repositioning) vertebrae, thereby removing the interference with the body’s inherent capacity to heal. DD Palmer, the originator of chiropractic, established chiropractic based on vitalistic principles. Anecdotally, the authors have observed that many chiropractors who overtly claim to be “vitalists” cannot define the term. Therefore, we sought the origins of vitalism and to examine its effects on chiropractic today. Discussion: Vitalism arose out of human curiosity around the biggest questions: Where do we come from? What is life? For some, life was derived from an unknown and unknowable vital force. For others, a vital force was a placeholder, a piece of knowledge not yet grasped but attainable. Developments in science have demonstrated there is no longer a need to invoke vitalistic entities as either explanations or hypotheses for biological phenomena. Nevertheless, vitalism remains within chiropractic. In this examination of vitalism within chiropractic we explore the history of vitalism, vitalism within chiropractic and whether a vitalistic ideology is compatible with the legal and ethical requirements for registered health care professionals such as chiropractors. Conclusion: Vitalism has had many meanings throughout the centuries of recorded history. Though only vaguely defined by chiropractors, vitalism, as a representation of supernatural force and therefore an untestable hypothesis, sits at the heart of the divisions within chiropractic and acts as an impediment to chiropractic legitimacy, cultural authority and integration into mainstream health care

Застосування дедуктивного методу навчання біології у закладах вищої медичної освіти України

Consistent study of the animal world in accordance with the natural system - from the lower to the higher - not only gives an idea of the diversity of animals and the specifics of their groups, but allows tracing their origin and family relationships, as well as to identify the role of factors of evolution. However, the characteristics of individual groups of animals cannot be limited to describing the features of the structure (morphology and anatomy of their representatives), and should include a description and analysis of their functions, as well as features of behavior.The purpose of the work is determined by the need to choose effective methods of teaching biology in institutions of higher medical education of Ukraine. The subject of the study was served as morpho-anatomical features of the taxonomic group of Worms (Vermes) represented by types: Flatworms (Plathelmintes), Nematodes (Nemathelminthes) and Annelids (Annelida). From the point of view of durability of knowledge assimilation, it is not important what methods will be acquired. The relevance of the application of different logical methods of cognition increases in the period of globalization of the volume of scientific information. Cognition goes from the general conception to the comprehension of the individual components connected in a hierarchical way. In particular, complications of the morpho-anatomical structure are observed in the line of Flatworms, Nematodes and Annelids worms, which are primarily manifested in the structure of the body cavity and other systems.Conclusions. The materials and generalizations accumulated over the last decades in the field of comparative morpho-anatomy make it possible to more comprehensively describe the peculiarities of the structure of individual groups of living organisms, to identify specific ways of their evolution. This allows you to better understand the causes of biological progress or regression of a group of animals and give it more diverse biological characteristics.Последовательное изучение животного мира в соответствии с природной системой - от низших к высшим - не только дает представление о многообразии животных и специфики их групп, но позволяет проследить их возникновения и родственные связи, выявить роль факторов эволюции. При этом характеристика отдельных групп животных не может ограничиться описанием особенностей строения (морфологии и анатомии их представителей), а должна включать описание и анализ их функций, а также особенностей поведения.Цель работы определяется необходимостью выбора эффективных методов обучения биологии в учреждениях высшего медицинского образования Украины. Объектом исследования послужили морфоанатомические особенности таксономической группы таксонов Черви (Vermes) представлена типам: Плоские черви (Plathelmintes), Первичнополостные черви или Круглые черви (Nemathelmintes) и Кольчатые черви, Кольчецы, или Аннелиды (Annelida). С точки зрения прочности усвоенных знаний не важно с привлечением каких методов они будут приобретены. Актуальность применения различных логических методов познания возрастает в период глобализации объема научной информации. Собственно это объясняет популярность дедуктивного метода усвоения знаний, при котором познания идет от общего представления к осмыслению отдельных составляющих, связанных между собой иерархически. В частности, осложнения морфоанатомического строения наблюдается в линейке плоские, круглые, кольчатые черви, что в первую очередь касается полости тела, а также и других систем.Выводы. Накопленные в течение последних десятилетий материалы и обобщения в области сравнительной морфоанатомии открывают возможность более разносторонне описывать особенности строения отдельных групп живых организмов, выделять специфические пути их эволюции. Это позволяет лучше понимать причины биологического прогресса или регресса той или иной группы животных и дать ей более разностороннюю биологическую характеристику.Послідовне вивчення тваринного світу відповідно до природної системи – від нижчих до вищих – не лише дає уявлення про різноманіття тварин і специфіки їх груп, але дозволяє прослідкувати їх виникнення і родинні зв’язки, виявити роль факторів еволюції. При цьому характеристика окремих груп тварин не може обмежитися описанням особливостей будови (морфології та анатомії їх представників), а повинна включати опис і аналіз їх функцій, а також особливостей поведінки.Мета роботи - визначення необхідності вибору ефективних методів навчання біології у закладах вищої медичної освіти України. Об`єктом дослідження визначено особливості морфоанатомічної будови групи таксонів Черви (Vermes), представленої типами: Плоскі черви (Plathelmintes), Круглі черви, або Первиннопорожнинні (Nemathelmintes) та Кільчасті черви (Annelida). З точки зору міцності засвоєних знань, не важливо із залученням яких методів вони будуть набуті. Актуальність застосування різних логічних методів пізнання зростає в період глобалізації обсягу наукової інформації. Власне, це пояснює популярність дедуктивного методу засвоєння знань, при якому пізнання іде від загального уявлення до осмислення окремих складових, пов’язаних між собою ієрархічно. Зокрема, ускладнення морфоанатомічної будови спостерігається в лінійці плоскі, круглі, кільчасті черви, що в першу чергу торкається порожнини тіла , а також інших систем.Висновки. Накопичені протягом останніх десятиліть матеріали та узагальнення в галузі порівняльної морфоанатомії відкривають можливість більш різнобічно описувати особливості будови окремих груп живих організмів, виділяти специфічні шляхи їх еволюції. Це дозволяє краще розуміти причини біологічного прогресу чи регресу тої чи іншої групи тварин і дати їй більш різнобічну біологічну характеристику

The Effect of Stress on the Hematological Indicators of Rats Rattus Norvegicus F. Domesticus in the Conditions of the Biological Experiment

The purpose of the work was the need to study the change in weight and hematological indicators of the rats as a reaction-response to being in difficult and unfavorable experimental conditions. The biological experiment was conducted in compliance with the normative conditions of keeping the rats, in accordance with ethical standards and recommendations for humanization of work with laboratory animals. In order to accomplish these tasks, rats were divided into two groups: control rats were housed in a spacious cage with comfortable living conditions and experimental animals were housed in a small cage with limited ability to move freely. For the purity of the experiment, the feed ration of animals of two groups was the same. Weight and hematological indicators were determined by conventional methods in physiology. It has been found that improper housing conditions, causing a stressful situation adversely affect the eating activity of the test animals, which explains the weak correlation of the dynamics of the weight of the animals in the control and experimental groups. The analysis of the absolute mass of the internal organs of rats showed their direct dependence on body weight and the correlation of these parameters between animals of both groups. The study found that the quantitative ratios of the main hematological parameters of each of the rodents are strictly different. The tendency to increase of the investigated parameters in the experimental group in comparison with the control one is symptomatic and can be explained by sympathetic-vegetative influences. The amount of hemoglobin is directly correlated with the number of red blood cells. Comparison of the content of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes with body weight showed inversely proportional relationship between them. The persistent predominance of leukocytes in the blood of rats in both groups is likely to genetically determined

Sense encoding in Big Data about three-dimensional search objects

Существует проблема, как переложить на компьютер в BIG DATA обработку смысла образных объектов, его кодирование и декодирование. Рассмотрен метод «кодирования в big data информации «местом хранения», на основе которого возможно кодирование в big data смысла разных сообщений. There is a problem of how to transfer to the computer the processing of the meaning of figurative objects, its encoding and decoding. The method of "encoding information into big data by" storage location "is considered, on the basis of which it is possible to encode the meaning of different messages into big data