EmoCyclingConcept – Smart and safe mobility – Workshop

Safety is one of the most important goods we have these days. When it comes to traffic in our cities and the interactions between the different traffic participants it is especially the everyday cyclist whose need for safety is crucial. How can you measure a good feeling or perceived safety? One possibility is to do a survey for some specific routes through the cities. To get more detailed results you invert the idea of safety. You measure unsafety by collecting negative emotional experiences while cycling. But how is this done? The Department of Computer Aided Design in Urban Planning and Architecture (CPE) from the University of Kaiserslautern has dealt with this method for more than 5 years. Meanwhile we collected data in the context of accessibility of pedestrians (Bergner, et al. 2011) as well as cyclists (Buschlinger, et al. 2013) in different countries and with a variety of cooperations. Within the latest DFG-project “Urban Emotions”, over 75 cyclists have been measured. For this method, three different instruments are used: The main instrument is the “Smartband” (www.bodymonitor.de). It measures the galvanic skin response as well as the skin temperature to analyse the body signals. There is a special relation between psychological arousal and physiological reactions like the skin conductance and the temperature (Kreibig 2010). If you recognize this unique pattern, in which the level of skin conductance rises and the skin temperature decreases 3 seconds later, it can be interpreted as a “negative arousal” (Bergner et al. 2011). The body data is located with a GPS-tracker. For further analysis a GoPro records the trip. With the help of this setup, it is possible to identify severe problems (Rittel 1973), on which urban planners should react by trying to eliminate them. The project should be understood as a work for progressing research, dealing with the optimization of the method by testing in use cases

EmoCycling –Analyse von Radwegen mittels Humansensorik für Kommunen

Viele Kommunen klagen über eine hohe innerörtliche Verkehrsbelastung durch Kraftfahrzeuge. Dabei ist dieserZustand oft selbst verursacht. Die Bevorzugung des motorisierten Indivudualverkehrs (MIV) gegenüber dem Rad- und Fußverkehr führt zwangläufigzu einem hohen Pkw-Aufkommen im Straßenverkehr. Diese Dominanz zeigt sich auch im Straßenquerschnitt: Oft führen entlang stark befahrener Straßen nur schmale Fuß- und Radwege. Die dadurch entstehende Gefahr umgeht die ortsansässige Bevölkerung, indem sie selbst für Kurzstrecken mit dem Auto zum Bäcker, Metzger oder die Kinder zur Schule fährt (Follmer et al. 2008: 10). Dies führt wiederum zu einer weiteren Erhöhung der Pkw-Nutzung im Straßenverkehr. Um dieser Spirale entgegenzuwirken, muss eine Reduzierung des Pkw-Anteils sowie eine Stärkung des Fuß- und Radverkehrs im Modal Split erfolgen (Modal Shift). Hierbei sind verschiedene Fragen zu beantworten: Warum benutzen Bürger so selten das Rad? Wo besteht ein geringes Sicherheitsempfinden? Wie kann es lokalisiert werden? Wo besteht kurzfristig- und wo langfristig Handlungsbedarf? Im Rahmen des Projekts EmoCycling 2013 (Buschlinger et al. 2013, Höffken et al. 2014) fand bereits eine Analyse von Radwegen mittels Humansensorik und Wearable Computing(Exner et al. 2012) statt. Hierbei wurden Probanden mit Smartbändern ausgestattet. Die dadurch aufgezeichneten Daten ließen Rückschlüsse auf das psycho-physiologische Verhalten (Stress) zu. Mittels Videoaufnahmen konnten in der nachgehenden Analyse die Ursachen (Trigger) für die negativen emotionalen Einflüsse identifiziert und mittels GPS lokalisiert werden. Auf dem bisherigen Forschungsstand aus vorangegangenen Projekten der emotionalen Stadtkartierung aufbauend(Höffken et al. 2008, Zeile et al. 2010), wird in diesem Usecase ein neuer Analyseschritt eingeführt. Das Paper stellt eine Methode zur Identifizierung der (Stress-)Auslöser und deren Kategorisierung vor.Dieses Verfahren ermöglicht es, Synergien zwischen den auftretenden Effekten zu erkennen, welche erst im Verbund zur psychologischen Belastung führen. Der Aufbau des Papers sieht zunächst die Einordnung in den aktuellen Forschungsstand vor. Anschließend wird die Methodik vorgestellt und detailliert auf die Auslöser (Trigger) für vermeintlichen Stress eingegangen. Zudem wird der Nutzen der Methodik für die Kommune sowie die Rolle des Planers diskutiert, ehe abschließend ein Ausblick in die weitere Entwicklung gegeben wird

EmoCycling – Analysen von Radwegen mittels Humansensorik und Wearable Computing

Radfahren erfreut sich einer zunehmenden Wertschätzung. Einerseits als neuer Lifestyle, andererseits als wichtiges Thema der städtischen Mobilitätsplanung: Bike-Sharing-Angebote, Radwegekonzepte und Förderung eines umweltfreundlichen Mobilitätsmix sind hierbei wichtige Stichworte. Daher fördern zunehmend mehr Städte den Ausbau der Radwege-Infrastruktur, um das Radfahren attraktiver zu gestalten. Wie stark Radfahren aber tatsächlich angenommen und praktiziert wird, hängt von ganz verschiedenen Faktoren ab: Verkehrslage, Quantität und Qualität der Infrastruktur, Topografie sowie das subjektive Sicherheitsempfinden z.B. an unübersichtlichen Kreuzungen beeinflussen die Verkehrsmittelwahl. Insbesondere die Erfassung und Analyse des subjektiven Sicherheitsempfindens stellt hierbei eine große Herausforderung dar – wird aber durch neue Methoden der Humansensorik (Exner et al. 2012) möglich. Entwicklungen in den Bereichen des Wearable Computing sowie der Geoinformatik ermöglichen es, das subjektive Sicherheitsempfinden während der Fahrt genauer zu analysieren. Anknüpfend an Projekte zur emotionalen Stadtkartierung (Höffken et al. 2008, Zeile et al. 2010) erfolgt ein Live-Monitoring der Probanden während der Fahrt. Mittels eines Sensorarmbands (Smartband) zur Erfassung psychophysiologischer Reaktionen des Körpers in Kombination mit Video-Kamera-Daten und GPS-Koordinaten wird der emotionale Zustand der Probanden sekundengenau gemessen. Dadurch lassen sich Emotionen, insbesondere Stress, interpretieren und auf einer Karte verorten sowie die Auslöser (Trigger) identifizieren. Zudem kann auf diese Weise der Verkehr kontinuierlich erfasst und in die Analyse mit aufgenommen werden, um Gefahrenstellen zu lokalisieren. Nach einer Einführung in das Thema Radfahren in der Untersuchungsgemeinde Kaiserslautern, gibt das Paper einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Methodik, die Konzeptionierung der Teststrecken sowie die Methodik im konkreten Projekt EmoCycling. Darauf basierend werden die Ergebnisse des Projektes vorgestellt und daraus resultierende weiterführende Fragenstellungen aufgezeigt

NMR for food profiling - Long Drink, Short Experiment. An interdisciplinary approach to promoting judgement

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein interdisziplinäres Projekt der Unterrichtsfächer Chemie und Ernährungs- und Verbraucher*innenbildung vor. Es zielt darauf ab, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler eine wissensbasierte Urteilskompetenz entwickeln, um in ihrem Alltag reflektierte Entscheidungen für eine nachhaltige Lebensführung zu treffen. Mit Hilfe dieser Urteilskompetenz können sie ein faktenbasiert begründetes Maß zwischen Konsum und Verzicht finden. (DIPF/Orig.)This article presents an interdisciplinary project of the subjects chemistry and nutrition and consumer education. It aims to develop a knowledge-based judgement competence for decisions for a sustainable lifestyle in everyday life. With this judgement competence, students can find a fact-based, well-founded measure between consumption and renunciation. (DIPF/Orig.

High‐Pressure Sintering of Rhombohedral Cr2S3 Using TZM Tools

The influence of sintering parameters on the physical properties and the chemical structure of rhombohedral Cr2S3 (rh‐Cr2S3) is investigated using high pressures and high temperatures. The densification of the powder is performed by applying the high‐pressure field‐assisted sintering technique/spark plasma sintering. Using a titanium–zirconium–molybdenum (TZM) alloy as sintering tool, it is possible to increase the magnitude of the applied pressure to several hundred MPa at temperatures as high as 1223 K. A relative density of up to 99.9% is achieved at a sintering temperature of 1223 K and a pressure of 395 MPa. The presence of phase‐pure rh‐Cr2S3 is proven by X‐ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The Seebeck coefficients of the self‐doped samples change drastically with the sintering temperatures ranging between −650 and −350 μV K−1. The densities and the thermal conductivities of the sintered samples increase with increasing sintering temperatures. The electrical conductivity is largely increased compared with the thermal conductivity potentially due to the current‐assisted high‐pressure sinterin

Adaptations and transformations of hunter-gatherers in forest environments: New archaeological and anthropological insights

Like any other living being, humans constantly influence their environment, be it intentionally or unintentionally. By extracting natural resources, they shape their environment and also that of plants and other animals. A great difference setting people apart from all other living beings is the ability to construct and develop their own niche intentionally, and the unique tool for this is cultural behaviour. Here, we discuss anthropogenic environmental changes of hunter-gatherers and present new palaeoecological and palynological data. The studies are framed with ethnoarchaeological data from Western Siberia to gain a better understanding of how different triggers lead to coping mechanisms. For archaeological implication, we use two Mesolithic case studies from Germany: One of them focuses on hazelnut economy around ancient Lake Duvensee, and the other broaches the issue of selective roe deer hunt and its consequences at the site of Friesack. We address the archaeological evidence from the perspective of active alteration and its consequences, starting our argumentation from a perspective of niche construction theory. This approach has rarely been applied to early Holocene hunter-gatherers in Northern Europe even though the available data render possible to discuss human–environment interaction from such a perspective. It is demonstrated that archaeological research has tools at hand that enables to detect anthropogenic niche construction. However, the ethnoarchaeological example shows limitations and archaeologically invisible triggers and consequent results of human adaptations. The critical revision of such perspectives based on empirical data provides a better understanding of social and environmental transformations in the early- and mid-Holocene

The effect of mobile retailing effect on consumption experiences: a dynamic perspective

The emerging retail culture is characterized by the extensive use of mobile technologies, high connectivity, ubiquitous computing and contactless technologies, which enable consumers to experience shopping differently. In fact, innovative mobile technologies provide new tools (apps) which are able to separate the moment of purchase from the moment of effective consumption, by allowing consumers to make purchases by mobile phone and collect them at home or at a store (a pick-up boutique or collection point), in addition to the traditional in-store service (purchase in the store and collect/consume in the store). The aim of this paper is to understand the extent to which mobile technologies have an impact on consumer behaviour, with emphasis on the drivers motivating consumers to adopt the consumer experience of mobile shopping. To achieve this goal we used a qualitative approach involving 29 consumers in the Italian market, where mobile shopping is still at an early stage. The findings shed a light on the extent to which consumers are moving from e-channels to mobile channels and take into account the effect of these technological innovations in retail settings from a cognitive standpoint, where studies are limited. The implications for researchers and practitioners are then discussed, with emphasis on retailers need to develop new mobile service competences, and integrate and synthetize physical retail settings with mobile opportunities and functionalities

Novel Murine Infection Models Provide Deep Insights into the “Ménage à Trois” of Campylobacter jejuni, Microbiota and Host Innate Immunity

BACKGROUND: Although Campylobacter jejuni-infections have a high prevalence worldwide and represent a significant socioeconomic burden, it is still not well understood how C. jejuni causes intestinal inflammation. Detailed investigation of C. jejuni-mediated intestinal immunopathology is hampered by the lack of appropriate vertebrate models. In particular, mice display colonization resistance against this pathogen. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To overcome these limitations we developed a novel C. jejuni-infection model using gnotobiotic mice in which the intestinal flora was eradicated by antibiotic treatment. These animals could then be permanently associated with a complete human (hfa) or murine (mfa) microbiota. After peroral infection C. jejuni colonized the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic and hfa mice for six weeks, whereas mfa mice cleared the pathogen within two days. Strikingly, stable C. jejuni colonization was accompanied by a pro-inflammatory immune response indicated by increased numbers of T- and B-lymphocytes, regulatory T-cells, neutrophils and apoptotic cells, as well as increased concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the colon mucosa of hfa mice. Analysis of MyD88(-/-), TRIF(-/-), TLR4(-/-), and TLR9(-/-) mice revealed that TLR4- and TLR9-signaling was essential for immunopathology following C. jejuni-infection. Interestingly, C. jejuni-mutant strains deficient in formic acid metabolism and perception induced less intestinal immunopathology compared to the parental strain infection. In summary, the murine gut flora is essential for colonization resistance against C. jejuni and can be overcome by reconstitution of gnotobiotic mice with human flora. Detection of C. jejuni-LPS and -CpG-DNA by host TLR4 and TLR9, respectively, plays a key role in immunopathology. Finally, the host immune response is tightly coupled to bacterial formic acid metabolism and invasion fitness. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that gnotobiotic and "humanized" mice represent excellent novel C. jejuni-infection and -inflammation models and provide deep insights into the immunological and molecular interplays between C. jejuni, microbiota and innate immunity in human campylobacteriosis

Phosphatidylserine-exposing extracellular vesicles in body fluids are an innate defence against apoptotic mimicry viral pathogens

Some viruses are rarely transmitted orally or sexually despite their presence in saliva, breast milk, or semen. We previously identified that extracellular vesicles (EVs) in semen and saliva inhibit Zika virus infection. However, the antiviral spectrum and underlying mechanism remained unclear. Here we applied lipidomics and flow cytometry to show that these EVs expose phosphatidylserine (PS). By blocking PS receptors, targeted by Zika virus in the process of apoptotic mimicry, they interfere with viral attachment and entry. Consequently, physiological concentrations of EVs applied in vitro efficiently inhibited infection by apoptotic mimicry dengue, West Nile, Chikungunya, Ebola and vesicular stomatitis viruses, but not severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus 1, hepatitis C virus and herpesviruses that use other entry receptors. Our results identify the role of PS-rich EVs in body fluids in innate defence against infection via viral apoptotic mimicries, explaining why these viruses are primarily transmitted via PS-EV-deficient blood or blood-ingesting arthropods rather than direct human-to-human contact

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly