The power distribution of the eeg rhythm in verbal and spatial solving problems

The work is devoted to the study of the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex in students during verbal, image and spatial cognitive tasks. 35 students (17 men and 18 women) aged 18 to 25 years participated in the experiment. Three types of tasks were presented during the experiment. EEG was recorded while solving tasks. EEG spectral power in the implementation of various types of cognitive activity was analyzed. Multiple zonal differences of theta and alpha1 power were found between different cognitive states, including background with open eyes.Работа посвящена исследованию электрической активности коры головного мозга у студентов при решении вербальных, образных и пространственных задач. В эксперименте приняли участие 35 студентов вузов в возрасте от 18 до 25 лет. Испытуемым предъявлялись три типа задач, во время решения которых регистрировалась ЭЭГ. Проведен анализ спектральной мощности ЭЭГ при осуществлении различных типов когнитивной деятельности. Выявлены множественные зональные различия мощностей тета-ритма и альфа1-ритма между разными когнитивными состояниями, включая фоновое с открытыми глазами

The country's economic growth models and the potential for budgetary, monetary and private financing of gross domestic product growth

This article examines the financing of GDP growth within the framework of catch-up, evolutionary and dynamic models of economic development. Methods/statistical analysis: using the principles of the Solow model and the Cobb-Douglas function, an analysis of the nature of the models has been carried out, considering the processes of capital accumulation, the rate of growth of the workforce, and various aggregate factor productivities. With the help of historical logic and statistical evaluation, examples of countries relating to each of the models examined are reviewed. Based on the analysis, the main ways of financing economic growth are noted: both the state ones, due to budgetary and monetary policy measures, and private ones. It has been proven that with the transition from catch-up to an evolutionary or dynamic model, the role of the state as a centralizing force is diminishing. At the same time, the specificity of a dynamic model is due to the country's objective ability to be among the technological leaders, which is predetermined by the high values of current GDP, per capita GDP, and population size. Countries with an evolutionary model of development are constrained in their ability to maintain a comparable pace of development only within separate "growth points". The main result of the work is the assessment of Russia's potential from the viewpoint of one of the models considered, based on a comparative analysis of several capital indicators, as well as a logical analysis of data on the level of GDP and population with other countries. This makes it possible to make recommendations for financing the country's GDP growth in the medium to long term. Scope/Improvements: The findings can be used in the development of Russia's financial and economic strategy up to 2030.peer-reviewe

Near-threshold production of a0(980)a_0(980)-mesons in πN\pi N and NN collisions and a0/f0a_0/f_0-mixing

We consider near-threshold $a_0(980)$-meson production in $\pi N$ and $NN$ collisions. An effective Lagrangian approach with one-pion exchange is applied to analyze different contributions to the cross section for different isospin channels. The Reggeon exchange mechanism is also evaluated for comparison. The results from $\pi N$ reactions are used to calculate the contribution of the $a_0$ meson to the cross sections and invariant $K \bar K$ mass distributions of the reactions $pp\to pn K^+\bar K^0$ and $pp\to pp K^+K^-$. It is found that the experimental observation of $a_0^+$ mesons in the reaction $pp\to pn K^+\bar K^0$ is much more promising than the observation of $a_0^0$ mesons in the reaction $pp\to pp K^+K^-$. Effects of isospin violation in the reactions $pN \to d a_0$, $pd \to \mathrm{^3He/^3H} a_0$, and $dd \to \mathrm{^4He} a_0$, which are induced by $a_0(980)$--$f_0(980)$ mixing, are also analyzed.Comment: 43 pages, including 16 eps figures, to be bublished in Phys. Atom. Nucl. (Yad. Fiz.) vol. 65, No. 11 (2002

Study of the stochastic clustering on the refractory material surface under the effect of plasma load in the PLM device

Tungsten plates were tested in stationary helium discharges in the PLM device. The duration of discharges in the PLM reached 200 minutes. A distinctive feature of this device is the stationary plasma confinement, which is advantageous for testing fusion materials, including materials of the divertor and first wall of a fusion reactor. During plasma irradiation in the PLM, the thermal load on the surface of the tested plates was more than 1 MW/m(2). The temperature of the tested plates amounted to 1000 degrees C and more. Stochastic nanostructures with dimensions of the structural elements of less than 50 nm, including fuzz-type structures, were observed on the processed surfaces of the samples

Exploring the connection between parsec-scale jet activity and broadband outbursts in 3C 279

We use a combination of high-resolution very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) radio and multi-wavelength flux density and polarization observations to constrain the physics of the dissipation mechanism powering the broadband flares in 3C 279 during an episode of extreme flaring activity in 2013-2014. Six bright flares superimposed on a long-term outburst are detected at $\gamma$-ray energies. Four of the flares have optical and radio counterparts. The two modes of flaring activity (faster flares sitting on top of a long term outburst) present at radio, optical, $\gamma$-ray frequencies are missing in X-rays. X-ray counterparts are only observed for two flares. The first three flares are accompanied by ejection of a new VLBI component (NC2) suggesting the 43 GHz VLBI core as the site of energy dissipation. Another new component, NC3, is ejected after the last three flares, which suggests that the emission is produced upstream from the core (closer to the black hole). The study therefore indicates multiple sites of energy dissipation in the source. An anti-correlation is detected between the optical percentage polarization (PP) and optical/$\gamma$-ray flux variations, while the PP has a positive correlation with optical/$\gamma$-rays spectral indices. Given that the mean polarization is inversely proportional to the number of cells in the emission region, the PP vs. optical/$\gamma$-ray anti-correlation could be due to more active cells during the outburst than at other times. In addition to the turbulent component, our analysis suggests the presence of a combined turbulent and ordered magnetic field, with the ordered component transverse to the jet axis.Comment: ApJ (in press), 14 pages, 19 figure

Bmp7 Functions via a Polarity Mechanism to Promote Cloacal Septation

During normal development in human and other placental mammals, the embryonic cloacal cavity separates along the axial longitudinal plane to give rise to the urethral system, ventrally, and the rectum, dorsally. Defects in cloacal development are very common and present clinically as a rectourethral fistula in about 1 in 5,000 live human births. Yet, the cellular mechanisms of cloacal septation remain poorly understood.We previously detected Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (Bmp7) expression in the urorectal mesenchyme (URM), and have shown that loss of Bmp7 function results in the arrest of cloacal septation. Here, we present evidence that cloacal partitioning is driven by Bmp7 signaling in the cloacal endoderm. We performed TUNEL and immunofluorescent analysis on cloacal sections from Bmp7 null and control littermate embryos. We found that loss of Bmp7 results in a dramatic decrease in the endoderm survival and a delay in differentiation. We used immunological methods to show that Bmp7 functions by activating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. We carried out confocal and 3D imaging analysis of mitotic chromosome bundles to show that during normal septation cells in the cloacal endoderm divide predominantly in the apical-basal direction. Loss of Bmp7/JNK signaling results in randomization of mitotic angles in the cloacal endoderm. We also conducted immunohistochemical analysis of human fetal sections to show that BMP/phospho-SMAD and JNK pathways function in the human cloacal region similar as in the mouse.Our results strongly indicate that Bmp7/JNK signaling regulates remodeling of the cloacal endoderm resulting in a topological separation of the urinary and digestive systems. Our study points to the importance of Bmp and JNK signaling in cloacal development and rectourethral malformations