Probes of membrane potential in Escherichia coli cells

The aims of this research are: 1) to produce an interactive instructional CD- Chemoedutainment that utilizes macromedia flash software for Chemistry instruction at Junior Secondary School; 2) to examine the reliability and effectiveness of learning by using interactive instructional CD-Chemoedutainment through instruction at school. The products in the first year of research are an interactive instructional CD for main material of acid, base and salt. The conclusions of the study are:1) the instructional CD media can be used well by students; and 2) the instructional CD media is effective for improving student learning outcomes.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) menghasilkan media pembelajaran berupa CD interaktif chemo-edutainmentyang memanfaatkan software macromedia flash dalam pembelajaran Kimia SMP; 2) menguji keterandalan dan efektivitas pembelajaran dengan menggunakan CD interaktif chemoedutainment melalui pembelajaran di sekolah. Hasil penelitian tahun pertama adalah CD pembelajaran interaktif untuk materi pokok asam, basa, dan garam. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian, yaitu: 1) media CD pembelajaran dapat digunakan dengan baik oleh siswa; 2) media CD pembelajaran adalah efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.</p

Effect of type of dietary fat and ethanol on antioxidant enzyme mRNA induction in rat liver.

We carried out a study to relate the effect of the type of dietary fat and ethanol on antioxidant enzyme mRNA levels in liver in the intragastric feeding rat model. Different types of dietary fat were administered [saturated fat (SE), corn oil (CE) and fish oil (FE)] with ethanol to induce varying severities of liver injury. Ethanol-fed rats were pair-fed with dextrose-fed controls that received isocaloric amounts of dextrose. All animals were killed at 1 month and the following studies were carried out: evaluation of severity of pathologic liver injury, mRNA quantitation for catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), microsomal conjugated dienes, and hydrogen peroxide. SE animals had no liver injury, FE animals had severe liver injury, and CE animals had moderate liver injury. Ethanol induced GPx mRNA in all dietary groups, with the highest levels seen in the FE group. The pattern of catalase mRNA induction was similar to that of GPx mRNA. In contrast, MnSOD mRNA was decreased compared to controls in animals that developed pathologic liver injury, i.e., CE and FE groups. A positive correlation was seen between conjugated diene levels and GPx mRNA (r = 0.88, P < 0.01) and catalase mRNA. The similar slopes for the relationship between conjugated dienes and catalase in the fish oil and non-fish oil groups indicate that the same degree of lipid peroxidation increases catalase mRNA to a greater degree in fish oil-fed rats. A positive correlation was also seen between catalase mRNA and H2O2 (r = 0.95, P < 0.001)