Tendencias investigativas y formativas en Ingeniería Civil en universidades de Austria y Holanda

Trabajo de InvestigaciónEste documento pretende determinar una tendencia en las universidades alemanas que tienen el programa de ingeniería civil y realizar un comparativo con las universidades colombianas y en especial con la universidad católica de Colombia. Con el conocimiento de los planes de desarrollo de cada país, se identifica que tan coherente es la educación universitaria impartida en los establecimientos y como puede esto ayudar al desarrollo de la infraestructura del país. Con el comparativo se realiza un enfoque con respecto al desarrollo de Colombia tanto en los niveles educativos como en el desarrollo de la parte de infraestructura. El Ranking Web (Webometrics) de Universidades proporciona la clasificación más completa y actualizada de instituciones de educación superior de todo el mundo. El Laboratorio de Cibermetría (Consejo Superior de investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, España) publica desde 2004, cada seis meses, un ranking académico independiente con el objetivo de suministrar información fiable, multidimensional, actualizada y útil sobre las universidades de todo el mundo teniendo en cuenta su presencia e impacto en la Web. En la actualidad el Ranking incluye más de 21.000 universidades con dos ediciones, una que aparece a finales de Enero y una segunda disponible al terminar Julio.PregradoIngeniero Civi

Alternative Rope Materials in Towed Fishing Gear to Reduce Plastic Waste, A Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties and Tolerance Against Wear and Tear

Source at https://www.proceedings.com/70833.html.This paper presents a comparative study assessing the wear tolerance of rope materials in demersal fisheries, specifically seine ropes and dolly ropes. Fourteen different rope materials were assessed in this study, including conventional and alternative commercially available synthetic polymers, and biodegradable materials including natural fibre ropes and custom-made polyester monofilaments. The sample materials were subjected to controlled wear from a rotating abrasive drum. Tensile testing was performed to determine and compare mechanical properties of the samples before and after exposure to wear. A wear tolerance coefficient has been suggested, i.e. a comparative unit between the different rope material samples and a standard blended polyester/polyethylene rope material as reference. The tested nylon ropes showed the lowest reduction in breaking strength post wear and thus the highest wear tolerance of all tested materials. Conventional and biodegradable polyester ropes and monofilaments also performed well compared to the standard reference rope. The performed tests did not only consider the effect of different raw materials, but the combined effect of material and structural properties. A rope’s tolerance to wear may be affected not only by the mechanical properties of the raw material, but also fibre thickness and cross section, and rope thickness, structure and lay of rope. This study demonstrated the potential of using biodegradable polymers with higher tolerance to wear than conventional non-degradable plastic materials as a circular solution to reduce microplastic pollution caused by demersal fisheries worldwide. Application of alternative commercially available ropes and hard-lay rope structures may increase the tolerance to wear and by that reduce plastic waste

Estimando la selectividad en redes de arrastre con lances no pareados: un caso de estudio con una red pelágica

Most selectivity experiments employ either the covered codend or paired gear methods. It is not always possible, however, to use these methods. Owing to operational, biological and/or environmental considerations, there may be no obvious way or it may be inappropriate to pair the test and control data. Hence, it will not be possible to estimate the selectivity of the gear and its uncertainty using standard statistical methods. This study presents a methodology for analysing the selectivity of fishing gears from unpaired test and control data. The uncertainty in the control and test population structures is accounted for by using a double bootstrapping procedure that takes into account both between-haul and within-haul variation. This bootstrapping approach is used to assess the selectivity of two different devices, a 139.5 mm T90 codend and a 135.9 mm codend with 140.9 mm lateral exit windows, in the Barents Sea pelagic cod trawl fishery. The purpose of the experiment was to test and compare the performance of the two devices in pelagic trawl fisheries, where high densities of fish can be encountered. Significant differences were detected between the T90 codend and the codend with the exit windows but only for sizes of cod between 55 and 76 cm.La mayoría de los experimentos de selectividad emplean el método de copo cubierto o el de lances pareados. Sin embargo, la utilización de estos métodos no es siempre posible. En ocasiones, no se puede encontrar una manera lógica de emparejar los datos provenientes de lances de prueba y lances control, o esta puede ser inapropiada debido a consideraciones de tipo operacional, biológico o medioambientales. Por lo tanto, no sería posible estimar la selectividad de la red y la incertidumbre de los resultados obtenidos utilizando métodos estadísticos estandarizados. Este estudio presenta una metodología que facilita el análisis de la selectividad en artes de pesca en los que los datos provienen de lances no pareados. La incertidumbre en las estructuras poblacionales capturadas en los lances prueba y control se tiene en cuenta utilizando un método de doble “bootstrapping” que considera la variabilidad en cada lance y entre lances. Utilizamos este método de “bootstrapping” para estimar la selectividad de dos dispositivos diferentes en la pesca pelágica de bacalao del mar de Barents: un copo T90 con mallas de 139,5 mm y un copo con mallas romboidales de 135,9 mm con ventanas laterales de 140,9 mm. El propósito del experimento fue comparar el comportamiento de ambos dispositivos en la pesca de arrastre pelágico de bacalao, donde se pueden encontrar altas densidades de pescado. Se detectaron diferencias significativas entre el copo T90 y el copo con las ventanas pero solo para tallas de bacalao comprendidas entre 55 y 76 cm

Validación y estimación de parámetros del HEC-HMS de la cuenca del rio moche utilizando los datos históricos de precipitación y caudales observados

En la presente Tesis se estudió el comportamiento Hidrológico de la Cuenca de Moche. En especial la relación Lluvia-Escorrentía que se ha podido observar en las diferentes tormentas que tuvieron lugar en la Cuenca de Moche, a través de las cuales se han generado Hidrogramas de Crecidas y Caudales Máximos. Se contó con Datos de Precipitación Fluvial tomadas de las Estaciones Meteorológicas de Trujillo, Laredo, Julcan, Otuzco, Sinsicap, Quiruvilca, Salpo y Callancas. Este último pertenece a otra cuenca; sin embargo, también aporta a la Cuenca de Moche. De igual manera se obtuvieron los datos de Caudales máximos de la Estación a Foro que se ubica en Quirihuac. Toda la información Meteorológica se obtuvo del periodo comprendido entre los años 1997 – 2016 Durante la recolección de datos no se pudo contar con las estaciones meteorológicas anteriormente mencionadas, ya que no se encontraban operativas o no contaban con todos los datos de precipitación fluvial. Esto dificulto el procesamiento de la tesis. El ArcGis nos permitió modelar la Cuenca y sus características, como la definición de la Curva Número, Polígonos de Thiessen y las precipitaciones promedios distribuidas en la Cuenca de Rio Moche. Por otro lado utilizando el Geo-Hms se logró crear el proyecto donde almacenamos toda la información de la Cuenca. Para el procesamiento del Proyecto se empleó el Hec-Hms (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System), a través del cual se procesó todo la información usando el Método del Natural Resources Conservation Service. Permitiendo así poder Calibrar la relación Lluvia – Escorrentía de la Cuenca del Rio Moche. .In the present Thesis there was studied the Hydrological behavior of Moche's basin. Especially the relation Infiltration - run-off that could have observed in the different storms that they took place in Moche's basin, across which Flood and Maximum Flow Hydrographs has been generated. Was counted with Stormwater data taken from Weather Stations of Trujillo, Laredo, Julcan, Otuzco, Sinsicap, Quiruvilca, Salpo and Callancas. The latter belongs to another basin; nevertheless, It also contributes Moche's basin. Of equal way there were obtained the information of maximum Flows of the Forum Station that is located in Quirihuac. All the Meteorological information was obtained of the period understood between the years 1997 - 2016. During data collection could not have the aforementioned weather stations because they were not operational or did not have all the data of fluvial precipitation. This hindered the processing of the thesis. ArcGis allowed us to model the basin and its features, such as the definition of the number Curve, Thiessen polygons and distributed rainfall averages in the Basin of Rio Moche. On the other hand using the Geo-Hms managed to create the project where we store all the information of the Basin. For the processing of this information The Hec-Hms (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System) was used, through which all information was processed using the Natural Resources Conservation Service Type II. Thus allowing to calibrate the relationship Infiltration - Runoff of the Rio Moche’s basin.Tesi

Trawl Selectivity in the Barents Sea Demersal Fishery

This chapter provides a general overview of the Barents Sea demersal trawl fishery. First, it reviews historical catch levels and current biomass status of four commercially important demersal species (cod, haddock, Greenland halibut, and redfish) and includes an overview of their management plan that has been carried out by the Joint Norwegian–Russian commission. Then, it presents the evolution of the technical regulations for improving size selectivity in this fishery and describes current challenges in gear selectivity. Later, this chapter describes the concept of size selectivity, introduces the selective parameters that define a selection curve, and progressively introduces different parametric models that describe the selection process. The most common experimental methods and gear used to collect selectivity data are described, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, this chapter describes an alternative, or a complementary method, to the conventional estimation of trawl selectivity—the FISHSELECT method. This method is based on morphology measurements and fish penetration models to estimate the selective properties of different mesh shapes and sizes at different mesh openings, which are later used to provide simulation-based prediction of size selectivity. FISHSELECT has already been applied to four important species of the Barents Sea Demersal Fishery, and the results have in all cases showed to be coherent with the results obtained from sea trial results

Prácticas autónomas en el aprendizaje de inglés y francés de los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Lenguas Modernas de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá

La presencia de la tecnología en nuestras vidas ocasiona que el rol del docente cambie, siendo cada vez más un guía y no el detentor absoluto de conocimiento. Es pues tarea del aprendiente el desarrollo de prácticas autónomas que le permitan un aprendizaje propio de la lengua. La Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, sede Bogotá, a través del programa de Licenciatura en Lenguas Modernas ofrece la oportunidad de formarse con miras a ser un futuro docente de lenguas modernas (inglés y francés), es por esta razón, que es esencial el identificar las prácticas de aprendizaje percibidas por los estudiantes, así como las motivaciones de los futuros docentes teniendo en cuenta que la tecnología evoluciona adaptándose a distintos estilos y ritmos de aprendizaje. La base teórica en la cual se soporta la identificación de las prácticas autónomas y de las conductas de motivación son las teorías respecto a la autonomía del aprendizaje, la adquisición de una segunda lengua y las teorías referentes a la motivación; a saber: teoría de la atribución y teoría de la autodeterminación. La presente investigación, de tipo mixto con alcance descriptivo, pretende mediante la administración de un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas y cerradas, realizar la identificación de las prácticas autónomas percibidas por los estudiantes de la licenciatura en lenguas modernas para el aprendizaje de la lengua inglesa y de la lengua francesa. Los resultados permiten identificar 18 actividades realizadas por los estudiantes, las cuales varían según sea la lengua meta (inglés o francés). Dentro de las prácticas más comunes se encuentran el uso del internet, la escucha de música y la consulta de apuntes. Se halló que no existen una diferencia importante entre el número que las utiliza para inglés y quienes lo hacen para francés, sin embargo, la frecuencia de utilización es mayor en inglés. Por otra parte, se evidenció que, en su mayoría, la percepción de utilidad a futuro es lo que motiva a los estudiantes de la licenciatura para ejercer prácticas autónomas en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera, representada, sobre todo, en futuras oportunidades laborales y de contacto con la cultura.The everyday presence of technology in our lives makes the teachers’ role change, becoming a guide instead of the indisputable knowledge holder. It is up to students will the development of some autonomous activities intended to help in the learning of a language by themselves. The Modern Language Degree at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogota offers the students the tools to become successful English and French language teachers. Given the speed technology evolves the identification of some autonomous activities perceived by the future teachers is of the essence aiming for an adaptation to the sundry learning styles and rhythms. The theoretical foundation that supports this research are some theories concerning autonomous learning, the second language acquisition theory, the attribution theory and the auto determination theory. This is a mixed-descriptive type study that identified students’ autonomous activities, by using a two-part questionnaire. The first one with open-ended questions and the second with open questions to the pollees. The results make it possible to identify 18 autonomous activities made by the students. These activities vary according to the target language (English or French). The most common activities are the use of internet, the use of music and note-talking. There is no remarkable difference between the number of activities exercised in English and in French; nonetheless, English takes the lead. In other respects, the greatest motivation for the students to perform autonomous activities in the second language is the benefit they will access from the point of view of job openings and the contact with the culture of the given language.Licenciado (a) en Lenguas ModernasPregrad

The effect of semi-pelagic trawling on american plaice (hippoglossoides platessoides) by-catch reduction in the northeast arctic shrimp fishery

The present study reports results of a small-scale preliminary experiment to evaluate whether lifting trawl doors and sweeps from the seabed can lead to a reduction of by-catch in the Northeast Arctic shrimp trawl fishery. We carried out a catch comparison and catch ratio analysis between two gear configurations: one with trawl doors and sweeps on the seabed (traditional rigging) and the other with doors and sweeps clear of the seabed (semi-pelagic rigging). The study focused on the by-catch of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) and showed that the gear was significantly less efficient at catching this species when rigged in the semi-pelagic mode. When rigged this way, the gear captured 52%–66% fewer American plaice between 10 and 40 cm compared to traditional rigging. Moreover, this difference was significant for sizes between 12 and 31 cm, and it increased with fish size. The herding efficiency of doors and sweeps for American plaice was estimated to be 100% and significantly higher than 0 for these sizes. Finally, the analysis carried out did not detect a significant reduction in shrimp catch (in kg) with the experimental gear. This study demonstrates that in addition to having recognized environmental advantages, lifting the doors and sweeps from the seabed could help mitigate American plaice by-catch in the Northeast Arctic shrimp fishery. Although these preliminary results are promising, more extensive data collection is required before definitive conclusions can be reached.acceptedVersionpublishedVersio

Validade e invariância fatorial do Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal em universitários peruanos

The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is one of the most used self-report measures in young people and adults to measure empathy, it considers cognitive and affective aspects in its composition. This research presents the structural validity, invariance and reliability of the measure in Peruvian university students. 859 psychology students, between 17 and 39 years old, from two universities in Metropolitan Lima were intentionally selected. The confirmatory factor analysis performed on three models: Model 1, replicates the original structure, Model 2, analyzes the original structure, but negatively worded items and model 3 were excluded, inverse items and those with irrelevant variance were excluded. construct (item 9). This last model is the one with the best fit (CFI = .924; RMSEA = .091; SRMR = 0.058). On this model, the configurational, metric, scalar and residual invariance according to age was established. In addition, a second order model was tested that demonstrated the presence of the latent factors Cognitive Empathy and Emotional Reactions, this model presents an adequate fit (CFI = .957; RMSEA = .078; SRMR = 0.068). It is concluded that the reduced version of the IRI is a valid and reliable measure in Peruvian university students.El Índice de Reactividad Interpersonal (IRI) constituye una de las medidas de autoinforme más utilizadas en jóvenes y adultos para medir la empatía, ya que considera en su composición aspectos cognitivos y afectivos. En esta investigación se presenta la validez estructural, la invarianza y fiabilidad de la medida en universitarios peruanos. Se seleccionaron intencionalmente 859 estudiantes de Psicología, entre 17 y 39 años, de dos universidades de Lima Metropolitana. El análisis factorial confirmatorio realizado sobre tres modelos: modelo 1, replica la estructura original; modelo 2, analiza la estructura original sin los ítems redactados en forma negativa; modelo 3, se excluyeron los ítems inversos y los que presentaban varianza irrelevante de constructo (ítem 9). Este último modelo es el que presenta un mejor ajuste (CFI = .924; RMSEA = .091; SRMR = 0.058). Sobre este modelo se estableció la invarianza configuracional, métrica, escalar y residual según edad. Adicionalmente, se probó un modelo de segundo orden que demostró la presencia de los factores latentes empatía cognitiva y reacciones emocionales, este modelo presenta un ajuste adecuado (CFI = .957; RMSEA = .078; SRMR = 0.068). Se concluye que la versión reducida del IRI es una medida válida y fiable en universitarios peruanos.O Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal (IRI) é uma das medidas de autorrelato mais utilizadas em jovens e adultos para mensurar a empatia, considerando aspectos cognitivos e afetivos em sua composição. Esta pesquisa apresenta a validade estrutural, invariância e confiabilidade da medida em estudantes universitários peruanos. 859 estudantes de psicologia, entre 17 e 39 anos, de duas universidades da região metropolitana de Lima foram selecionados intencionalmente. Análise fatorial confirmatória realizada em três modelos: Modelo 1, replica a estrutura original, Modelo 2, analisa a estrutura original, mas foram excluídos os itens redigidos negativamente, e o modelo 3, itens inversos e com variância irrelevante foram excluídos do construto (item 9 ). Este último modelo é o de melhor ajuste (CFI=.924; RMSEA=.091; SRMR=0.058). Neste modelo foram estabelecidas invariâncias configuracional, métrica, escalar e residual de acordo com a idade. Adicionalmente, foi testado um modelo de segunda ordem que demonstrou a presença dos fatores latentes Empatia Cognitiva e Reações Emocionais, apresentando um ajuste adequado (CFI=0,957; RMSEA=0,078; SRMR=0,068). Conclui-se que a versão reduzida do IRI é uma medida válida e confiável em estudantes universitários peruanos

The effect of grid size on catch efficiency and by-catch in the demersal trawl fishery for Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii)

Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii) is caught with large trawls with small meshed codends, inevitably causing the fishery to have large by-catch issues. To reduce the amount of by-catch, a rigid sorting grid was made compulsory in 2010. However, there is still a severe by-catch issue, as well as the loss of target species because of the grid. A possible cause might be clogging of the grid, which could be solved by increasing the grid area. Therefore, this study compared the size selectivity of by-catch species and target species in a double-trawl configuration in which one trawl was equipped with a standard grid (6.30 m2), and the other trawl was equipped with a grid that had a 50% larger surface area (9.45 m2). The results demonstrated that the size selectivity and catch efficiency of the target species were unaffected; neither was there any significant difference between the two grids in terms of wanted by-catch species [blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), and greater argentine (Argentina silus)]. However, the larger grid caught significantly more unwanted by-catch species [haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus), and hake (Merluccius merluccius)]. Approximately one-third of the accumulated catches comprised the target species, one-third of wanted by-catch species, and one-third of unwanted by-catch species, demonstrating the by-catch challenges in this fishery. Simultaneously, none of the by-catch limits were exceeded.publishedVersio