”Vi bor i ett land, men i olika världar.” : Jaettu kieli ja köyhyyden trauma Susanna Alakosken teoksessa Oktober i Fattigsverige. Dagbok

Ruotsinsuomalainen Susanna Alakoski (1962–) on 2000-luvun kirjailija, joka ottaa kirjoituksissaan rohkeasti kantaa yhteiskunnan epäkohtiin. Poliittisiksikin tituleeratut teokset, romaanit ja nuortenkirjat sekä antologioissa julkaistu lyhytproosa antavat äänen muun muassa ruotsinsuomalaisille maahanmuuttajille, köyhille, päihderiippuvaisten läheisille ja luokkamatkan tehneille. Alakosken Oktober i Fattigsverige. Dagbok (2012) on päiväkirjamuotoon kirjoitettu autofiktiivinen teos, jonka aiheena ovat luokat ja köyhyys pohjoismaisessa nyky-yhteiskunnassa. Se on julkaistu suomeksi Katriina Huttusen kääntämänä nimellä Köyhän lokakuu. Päiväkirja (2013). Tutkin teosta traumateoreettisesta näkökulmasta ja tarkastelen kertojan kokemaa köyhyyttä traumana. Analysoin, kuinka trauma sanallistetaan teoksessa ja miten kertojan köyhyyden trauma oireilee: kieltä ja sen keinoja analysoimalla tutkin tekstin trauman kaltaisia piirteitä kuten pirstaleista rakennetta, erilaisia traumaa symboloivia motiiveja ja runsasta intertekstuaalisuutta. Lisäksi tarkastelen 2000-luvun luokkatutkimuksen ja hiljaisuuksia sekä kertomusten eettistä arvoa käsittelevien teorioiden avulla jaetun kielen kautta syntyvää keskinäistä ymmärrystä, joka on teoksessa hyvin keskeisessä roolissa. Teos puhuu myös ruotsinsuomalaisen maahanmuuttajan kokemuksista ja valottaa näin osaltaan sellaisen vähemmistön lähihistoriaa, jonka tutkiminen on jäänyt Suomessa varsin pinnalliseksi. Tutkielmani tuo uutta näkökulmaa ruotsinsuomalaisen kirjallisuuden tutkimukseen ja osoittaa, että nykykirjallisuuden kuvaukset köyhyydestä ja luokista voidaan lukea osaksi traumakirjallisuutta. Alakosken teos kuvaa monella tasolla pohjoismaisen yhteiskunnan sotienjälkeisen ajan traumoja, jotka voivat olla hyvin yksityisiä ja arkipäiväisiä, ulkopuolisuuden ja eriarvoisuuden kokemusten aikaansaamia. Teoksessa yhtenä keskeisenä syynä ongelmien kieltämiseen ja avun tarpeen havaitsemisen puutteeseen esitetään kieli, jota jokainen käytämme eri tavalla ja siten ymmärrämme samat tarinat eri tavoin. Todellisuus näyttäytyy jokaiselle jossain määrin erilaisena: voimme elää samassa maassa, mutta hyvin eri maailmoissa. Alakosken teos myös tehokkaalla tavalla murtaa hiljaisuuksia, jotka ympäröivät esimerkiksi köyhyyttä yhteiskunnan ongelmana ja yksilöiden elämään vaikuttavana traumana. Oktober i Fattigsverige laajentaa mahdollisen tajua luomalla ilmaisukeinoja nyky-yhteiskunnan köyhyydelle, jonka olemassaoloa ei usein tunnusteta sellaisena kuin se sitä todellisuutenaan kokeville on

A bistren cryptand with a remote thioether function: Cu(ii) complexation in solution and on the surface of gold nanostars

A di-copper(ii) complex is formed in a bis-tren cage featuring a thioether function, capable of grafting on a monolayer of gold nanostars

Immunohistochemical localization of histidine-rich glycoprotein in human skeletal muscle: preferential distribution of the protein at the sarcomeric I-band

Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a relatively abundant plasma protein that is synthesized by parenchymal liver cells. Using Western blot analysis and immunoperoxidase techniques, we have previously shown the presence of HRG in human skeletal muscle. This paper reports the results of immunofluorescence experiments carried out on sections of human normal skeletal muscle biopsies to investigate the subcellular localization of HRG. The HRG localization was also compared with that of skeletal muscle AMP deaminase (AMPD1), since we have previously described an association of the enzyme with the protein. The obtained results give evidence for a preferential localization of HRG at the I-band level, where it shows the same distribution of actin and where AMPD1 is present in major concentration

Clinical use, safety and effectiveness of novel high cost anticancer therapies after marketing approval: a record linkage study

Background: major clinical outcomes of anticancer drugs may differ between clinical trials and clinical practice. Administrative databases provide long-term information on safety and effectiveness of these drugs in large unselected populations and in selected subgroups of patients. In addition, these data provide complementary information on topics where evidence from randomized clinical trials is unavailable. Methods: this project will investigate 17 new targeted high cost drugs in Lombardy oncology practice between 2006 and 2010 using data from electronic healthcare databases. Specific objectives are: 1) to estimate the incidence of serious adverse events in clinical practice and their predictors; 2) to estimate survival and progression free survival and their predictors; 3) to compare major clinical outcomes according to different regimen of therapy. We will build a database by record linkage of several regional health service sources: the File F registry (in which the administration of the 17 drugs is recorded), the Regional hospital discharge forms (SDO ) database, the drug prescription database, the outpatients' services database, and the Registry Office database. Subjects resident in Lombardy who received at least one prescription of these drugs from 2006 to 2010 will be considered. Complications warranting hospitalization will be derived from the patients' SDO s after the first drug administration. Vital status will be obtained from the Registry Office database. Results: we will provide estimates of the incidence of serious adverse events of novel anticancer therapies, and of overall and disease free survival in clinical practice, overall and in selected subgroups. Conclusions: these data will contribute to a better effectiveness evaluation, particularly in patients under-represented in clinical trials

miR-382-5p Controls Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Through the Downregulation of MXD1

microRNAs are key regulators of gene expression that control stem cell fate by posttranscriptional downregulation of hundreds of target genes through seed pairing in their 3' untranslated region. In fact, miRNAs tightly regulate fundamental stem cell processes, like self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation; therefore, miRNA deregulation may contribute to the development of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. miR-382-5p has been found to be upregulated in patients with myeloid neoplasms, but its role in normal hematopoiesis is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-382-5p overexpression in CD34(+) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) leads to a significant decrease of megakaryocyte precursors coupled to increase of granulocyte ones. Furthermore, by means of a computational analysis using different prediction algorithms, we identified several putative mRNA targets of miR-382-5p that are downregulated upon miRNA overexpression (ie, FLI1, GATA2, MAF, MXD1, RUNX1, and SGK1). Among these, we validated MXD1 as real target of miR-382-5p by luciferase reporter assay. Finally, we showed that MXD1 knockdown mimics the effects of miR-382-5p overexpression on granulocyte and megakaryocyte differentiation of CD34(+) cells. Overall, our results demonstrated that miR-382-5p expression favors the expansion of granulocyte lineage and impairs megakaryocyte commitment through MXD1 downregulation. Therefore, our data showed for the first time that the miR-382-5p/MXD1 axis plays a critical role in myelopoiesis by affecting the lineage choice of CD34(+) HSPCs

Wildfire promotes the invasion of Robinia pseudoacacia in the unmanaged Mediterranean Castanea sativa coppice forests

In the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, Castanea sativa Mill. (Castanea) coppice stands are being invaded by non-native pioneer tree species due to recurrent coppicing and wildfire disturbances. There is a need to control the spread of non-native tree species in Castanea coppices due to their pivotal socio-economic role, however, to facilitate this, further research into invasive strategies and their interactions with disturbances is required. The non-native Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Robinia) has widely colonized the overaged and unmanaged Castanea coppice forests in Vesuvius National Park, which were disturbed by the low-severity fires in the summer of 2017. Here, we aimed to assess the functional traits conferring a competitive advantage to the Robinia over Castanea and the changes in spatial stand patterns driven by wildfire disturbance. To achieve this we assessed the spatial stem patterns, regeneration strategies, and conducted field-assessments and remote sensing of the spring leaf phenology of both Castanea and Robinia in five 300–600 m2 plots. After the 2017 wildfire, root suckers constituted 72% (±12) of the Robinia vegetative living sprouts and occurred up to a distance of 10 m from the adult parent trees under the canopy of the Castanea trees. NDVI-based estimates at the start of the growing season (sos) in Castanea occurred over a 7 day period, from DOY 118–124, increasing at a rate (rsp) of 0.10–0.16, in agreement with the field-based assessment of spring leaf phenology. In Robinia, the sos estimated at DOY 109 from the NDVI seasonal trajectory disagreed with the field-based observations, which started later than Castanea, after approximately DOY 133. Here, the high percentage cover (∼90%) of the understory species influenced NDVI-based estimates of Robinia leaf spring phenology. The results suggest that low-severity wildfires increased the invasiveness of Robinia, and that vegetative regeneration strategies, rather than earlier spring phenology, conferred a competitive advantage in the fire-disturbed Castanea coppice stands. The results thus suggest that appropriate management of invasive Robinia trees to conserve the continuous canopy cover of Castanea stands should guide nature-based solutions to control the spread of non-native tree species