S comme SPIRITUEL

1910. Wassily Kandinsky a 44 ans. Depuis plusieurs années déjà, il a délaissé le droit et l'économie pour se consacrer exclusivement à la peinture, sa véritable passion. Moscovite de naissance, féru de culture et de littérature allemandes, parfaitement germanophone, il s'apprête en réalité à révolutionner son art. Théorie et pratique ont toujours caractérisé sa démarche, et c'est avec un souci aigu de cohérence qu'il contribue à faire entrer la peinture dans une nouvelle dimension : l'abstrac..

La bibliothèque d’Abraham Moles

Précurseur des études en sciences de l’information et de la communication, ingénieur de formation (électricité et acoustique), diplômé de l’Université de Grenoble, docteur ès sciences (Sorbonne, 1952) et ès lettres (Sorbonne, 1954), Abraham Moles (1920-1992) a enseigné à l’Université de Strasbourg dès 1966. Il y a créé l’Institut de psychologie sociale (appelé aussi l’« École de Strasbourg »), qu’il dirigea jusqu’en 1987. Plusieurs de ses anciens élèves, aujourd’hui universitaires, se retrouv..

Maternally deposited germline piRNAs silence the tirant

International audienceTransposable elements (TEs), whose propagation can result in severe damage to the host genome, are silenced in the animal gonad by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). piRNAs produced in the ovaries are deposited in the embryonic germline and initiate TE repression in the germline progeny. Whether the maternally transmitted piRNAs play a role in the silencing of somatic TEs is however unknown. Here we show that maternally transmitted piRNAs from the tirant retrotransposon in Drosophila are required for the somatic silencing of the TE and correlate with an increase in histone H3K9 trimethylation an active tirant copy

ISCB Student Council Symposium 2021, a virtual global venue : challenges and lessons learned

Since 2004, the ISCB Student Council has been organizing different symposia worldwide, gathering together the community of young computational biologists. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation, the world scientific community was forced to cancel in-person meetings for almost two years, imposing the adoption of virtual formats instead. After the successful editions of our continental symposia in 2020 in the USA, Latin America, and Europe, we organized our flagship global event, the Student Council Symposium (SCS) 2021, trying to apply all previous lessons learned and to exploit the advantages that virtuality has to offer

Simple scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality after surgery for infective endocarditis

BACKGROUND: Aspecific scoring systems are used to predict the risk of death postsurgery in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). The purpose of the present study was both to analyze the risk factors for in-hospital death, which complicates surgery for IE, and to create a mortality risk score based on the results of this analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Outcomes of 361 consecutive patients (mean age, 59.1\ub115.4 years) who had undergone surgery for IE in 8 European centers of cardiac surgery were recorded prospectively, and a risk factor analysis (multivariable logistic regression) for in-hospital death was performed. The discriminatory power of a new predictive scoring system was assessed with the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Score validation procedures were carried out. Fifty-six (15.5%) patients died postsurgery. BMI >27 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; P=0.049), estimated glomerular filtration rate 55 mm Hg (OR, 1.78; P=0.032), and critical state (OR, 2.37; P=0.017) were independent predictors of in-hospital death. A scoring system was devised to predict in-hospital death postsurgery for IE (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.780; 95% CI, 0.734-0.822). The score performed better than 5 of 6 scoring systems for in-hospital death after cardiac surgery that were considered. CONCLUSIONS: A simple scoring system based on risk factors for in-hospital death was specifically created to predict mortality risk postsurgery in patients with IE

Molecular characterization of the epigenetic transmission of an acquired trait, the I element regulation in Drosophila melanogaster

Les cellules, et tout particulièrement les cellules germinales, maintiennent l'intégrité de leur génome en prévenant d'éventuelles mutations comme celles dues à la mobilité des éléments transposables (ET). Dans la lignée germinale des animaux, une classe particulière de petits ARN régulateurs, les PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), sont les acteurs majeurs du contrôle des ET. Chez Drosophila melanogaster, il existe des souches dites réactives, dépourvues de copies actives de l'élément I, ET exprimé dans la lignée germinale femelle. Les femelles de ces souches voient leur capacité à réprimer l'invasion de leur génome par l'élément I augmenter avec l'âge. Des données antérieures ont montré qu'une fois acquise, la capacité à réprimer l'élément I est transmise maternellement au travers des générations. Mes travaux de thèse ont permis de montrer que la transmission de la capacité à réprimer l'élément I n'est pas corrélée à des modifications de l'activité transcriptionnelle des loci producteurs de piRNA, mais semble uniquement véhiculée par les piRNA. En effet, les piRNA de l'élément I déposés dans l'embryon vont amorcer la production de piRNA complémentaires dans les ovaires de la descendance, ce qui induit une forte accumulation de piRNA antisens à l'élément I. Ainsi, les piRNA maternellement déposés assurent la transmission de la capacité à réprimer l'élément I, acquise suite au vieillissement des ascendants maternels. Mes résultats mettent en évidence le rôle des piRNA comme support moléculaire d'une composante non génétique de l'information héritable, indépendante de la chromatine et déterminante pour le maintien de l'intégrité du génome.Cells, especially germinal stem cells, maintain genomic integrity by averting the propagation of mutations, generated as a consequence of DNA damage. In particular, they must avoid the deleterious activity of transposable elements (TEs). In animal germlines, one of the key players of the TE repression involves a specific class of small regulatory RNAs, the PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). In Drosophila melanogaster, there are reactive strains that are devoid of functional copies of the I element, a TE specifically expressed in the female germ line. When they get older, females of these strains can acquire a strong capacity to repress the I element invasion. Anterior works have shown that once acquired, this capacity to repress the I element is maternally transmitted over generations. The results obtained during my thesis revealed that the transmission of the capacity to repress the I element is not correlated with increased transcriptional activity of piRNA producer loci but seems only mediated by the piRNAs. Indeed, I element piRNAs deposition in the embryo after aging treatment correlates with the production of complementary piRNAs in the ovaries of the progeny. This results in a strong accumulation of antisense I element piRNAs. The maternally deposited piRNAs ensure the transmission of the capacity to repress the I element acquired after ancestor aging. My results highlight the molecular support of a DNA- and chromatin-independant component of heritable information essential for the maintenance of genome integrity